scholarly journals Parental leave policy information during residency interviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly B. Kraus ◽  
Emily G. Reynolds ◽  
Jillian A. Maloney ◽  
Skye A. Buckner-Petty ◽  
Julia A. Files ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
Program Director ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
Policy Information ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
Asking Questions

Abstract Background During interviews, medical students may feel uncomfortable asking questions that might be important to them, such as parental leave. Parental leave policies may be difficult for applicants to access without asking the program director or other interviewers. The goal of this study is to evaluate whether parental leave information is presented to prospective residents and whether medical students want this information. Methods Fifty-two program directors (PD’s) at 3 sites of a single institution received a survey in 2019 to identify whether parental leave information is presented at residency interviews. Medical students received a separate survey in 2020 to identify their preferences. Fisher exact tests, Pearson χ2 tests and Cochran-Armitage tests were used where appropriate to assess for differences in responses. Results Of the 52 PD’s, 27 responded (52%) and 19 (70%) indicated that information on parental leave was not provided to candidates. The most common reason cited was the belief that the information was not relevant (n = 7; 37%). Of the 373 medical students, 179 responded (48%). Most respondents (92%) wanted parental leave information formally presented, and many anticipated they would feel extremely or somewhat uncomfortable (68%) asking about parental leave. The majority (61%) felt that these policies would impact ranking of programs “somewhat” or “very much.” Conclusions Parental leave policies may not be readily available to interviewees despite strong interest and their impact on ranking of programs by prospective residents.

Parental Leave Policy for Ophthalmology Residents: Results of a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study of Program Directors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendrick M. Wang ◽  
Benjamin Lee ◽  
Fasika A. Woreta ◽  
Saraswathy Ramanathan ◽  
Eric L. Singman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leave Policy

Improving medical student recruitment to neurosurgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 848-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lubelski ◽  
Roy Xiao ◽  
Debraj Mukherjee ◽  
William W. Ashley ◽  
Timothy Witham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
National Level ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
Student Recruitment ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Lecture Series ◽  
Mentorship Programs

OBJECTIVENeurosurgery seeks to attract the best and brightest medical students; however, there is often a lack of early exposure to the field, among other possible barriers. The authors sought to identify successful practices that can be implemented to improve medical student recruitment to neurosurgery.METHODSUnited States neurosurgery residency program directors were surveyed to determine the number of medical student rotators and medical students matching into a neurosurgery residency from their programs between 2010 and 2016. Program directors were asked about the ways their respective institutions integrated medical students into departmental clinical and research activities.RESULTSComplete responses were received from 30/110 institutions. Fifty-two percent of the institutions had neurosurgery didactic lectures for 1st- and 2nd-year medical students (MS1/2), and 87% had didactics for MS3/4. Seventy-seven percent of departments had a neurosurgery interest group, which was the most common method used to integrate medical students into the department. Other forms of outreach included formal mentorship programs (53%), lecture series (57%), and neurosurgery anatomy labs (40%). Seventy-three percent of programs provided research opportunities to medical students, and 57% indicated that the schools had a formal research requirement. On average, 3 medical students did a rotation in each neurosurgery department and 1 matched into neurosurgery each year. However, there was substantial variability among programs. Over the 2010–2016 period, the responding institutions matched as many as 4% of the graduating class into neurosurgery per year, whereas others matched 0%–1%. Departments that matched a greater (≥ 1% per year) number of medical students into neurosurgery were significantly more likely to have a neurosurgery interest group and formal research requirements. A greater percentage of high-matching programs had neurosurgery mentorship programs, lecture series, and cadaver training opportunities compared to the other institutions.CONCLUSIONSIn recent decades, the number of applicants to neurosurgery has decreased. A major deterrent may be the delayed exposure of medical students to neurosurgery. Institutions with early preclinical exposure, active neurosurgery interest groups, research opportunities, and strong mentorship recruit and match more students into neurosurgery. Implementing such initiatives on a national level may increase the number of highly qualified medical students pursuing neurosurgery.

Introduction of Wireless Buzzer to Improve Efficiency in Gynecology Triage (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Mark Stansbury ◽  
Erin Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Work Flow ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Nursing Experience ◽  
Asking Questions

BACKGROUND Current workflow in GYN triage has medical students interviewing patients after triage by nursing staff. The optimal time to initiate patient contact is unclear. This confusion has led to duplication of questions to patients, interruptions for nurses and fewer patient encounters for students. OBJECTIVE Determine if a restaurant-style buzzer can streamline workflow in gynecology (GYN) triage. METHODS A Plan-Do-Study-Act approach was used. Stakeholders were medical students, nurses, Nurse Practitioners and physicians. Factors contributing to workflow slowdown: students re-asking questions of patients, interruption of nursing staff, confusion about optimal patient flow. The net result was fewer interviews completed by students. The project was introduced during clerkship orientation. Buzzers were provided on weeks 1, 3, 5 of the rotation. Weeks 2, 4, 6 no buzzers were provided as an internal control. After each clerkship, students received a survey assessing key areas of waste and workflow disruption. A focus group with ten nurses was also conducted. RESULTS From February-July 2019, 30/45 surveys were completed (66%) 1. Very difficult/difficult to know when to begin the encounter: 90% without; 21.4% with buzzer p<.001 2. Students re-asking questions: very often/often 96.7% without; 14.8% with buzzer p<.001 3. Nursing staff interruptions: 76.7% very often/often without; 18.5% with buzzer p<.001 4. The odds of interviewing 5 or more patients per shift are ~10X greater using the buzzer χ²=14.2; p<.001 CONCLUSIONS The 10 nurses interviewed unanimously favored the use of the buzzer. Introduction of a simple, low-cost restaurant-style buzzer improved triage work-flow, student and nursing experience.

scholarly journals A comparison of orthopaedic surgery and internal medicine perceptions of USMLE Step 1 pass/fail scoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Mun ◽  
Alyssa R. Scott ◽  
David Cui ◽  
Erik B. Lehman ◽  
Seong Ho Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Residency Program ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
Program Director ◽  
Personal Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Alpha Omega ◽  
Residency Program Directors

Abstract Background United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 will transition from numeric grading to pass/fail, sometime after January 2022. The aim of this study was to compare how program directors in orthopaedics and internal medicine perceive a pass/fail Step 1 will impact the residency application process. Methods A 27-item survey was distributed through REDCap to 161 U.S. orthopaedic residency program directors and 548 U.S. internal medicine residency program directors. Program director emails were obtained from the American Medical Association’s Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database. Results We received 58 (36.0%) orthopaedic and 125 (22.8%) internal medicine program director responses. The majority of both groups disagree with the change to pass/fail, and felt that the decision was not transparent. Both groups believe that the Step 2 Clinical Knowledge exam and clerkship grades will take on more importance. Compared to internal medicine PDs, orthopaedic PDs were significantly more likely to emphasize research, letters of recommendation from known faculty, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, leadership/extracurricular activities, audition elective rotations, and personal knowledge of the applicant. Both groups believe that allopathic students from less prestigious medical schools, osteopathic students, and international medical graduates will be disadvantaged. Orthopaedic and internal medicine program directors agree that medical schools should adopt a graded pre-clinical curriculum, and that there should be a cap on the number of residency applications a student can submit. Conclusion Orthopaedic and internal medicine program directors disagree with the change of Step 1 to pass/fail. They also believe that this transition will make the match process more difficult, and disadvantage students from less highly-regarded medical schools. Both groups will rely more heavily on the Step 2 clinical knowledge exam score, but orthopaedics will place more importance on research, letters of recommendation, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, leadership/extracurricular activities, personal knowledge of the applicant, and audition electives.

Parental Leave: The Need for a National Policy to Foster Sexual Equality

1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-104
Author(s):  
Scott A. Caplan-Cotenoff
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Sexual Equality ◽  
Pregnancy Discrimination ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
The U.S

AbstractWorking women are without substantial protection from the ramifications of pregnancy discrimination, and the opportunities for working men to take leave from work to participate in child care are limited. Recently, private businesses have begun implementing maternity or parental leave policies to address these problems. These policies are inconsistent, however, and a national parental leave program is needed to help women attain equal access to jobs and to provide men with the opportunity to participate in child care.This Note examines the historical background of pregnancy discrimination litigation and legislation, and highlights the gaps in the protection currently afforded women. It suggests that a federal parental leave policy may expand the scope of this protection, and attempts to gain insight and draw conclusions from analogous parental leave programs in foreign countries which may be used as models for a national program in the U.S. Such a program would benefit parents, children, and society by removing some of the obstacles to sexual equality.

scholarly journals Results From a Transitional-Year Program Director Survey: Identifying Crucial Issues and Concerns

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Steven R. Craig ◽  
Hayden L. Smith ◽  
Matthew W. Short
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Graduate Medical Education ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
Program Director ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Graduate Medical ◽  
Program Coordinators ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Preparatory Year

Abstract Background Transitional Year (TY) programs meet an important need by preparing residents for specialties that accept individuals after an initial preparatory year. To our knowledge, no surveys to date have been conducted to identify attributes of TY programs and concerns of TY program directors. Purpose The purpose of this study was to review TY program characteristics and identify critical issues and concerns of TY program directors (TYPDs). Methods A web-based, 22-question survey was sent to all 114 TYPDs of programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education between January and April 2011. The survey included open-formatted and closed-formatted questions addressing program and institution demographics, program director time, administrative support, satisfaction, and future plans. Results The survey response rate was 86%. The median age of TY programs was 28 years, with few new programs. More than 80% of TY programs were conducted at community hospitals and university-affiliated community hospitals. Of the responding TYPDs, 17% had served less than 2 years, and 32% had served 10 years or more. Common sponsoring TY programs included internal medicine (88%), general surgery (42%), family medicine (25%), emergency medicine (24%), and pediatrics (18%). Overall, TYPDs were satisfied with their positions. They expressed concerns about inadequate time to complete duties, salary support, and administrative duties assigned to program coordinators. Forty-nine percent of TYPDs reported they planned to leave the position within the next 5 years. Conclusions Our survey provides useful information to assist institutions and the graduate medical education community in meeting the needs of TYPDs and strengthening TY programs.

scholarly journals National survey of Canadian residents and program directors regarding parental leave during residency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Willoughby ◽  
Marie Julien ◽  
Benjamin Rich Zendel ◽  
Vernon Curran
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Residency Program ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Medical Resident ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Residency Program Directors

Background: Despite the advantages of having a child as a medical resident, the transition back to residency after parental leave can be challenging. This study is the first to investigate this issue using a nation-wide Canadian sample of both residents and program directors. Method: A questionnaire was developed and made available online. Respondents included 437 female residents, 33 male residents, and 172 residency program directors. The mean length of parental leave was nine months for female residents and six weeks for male residents. Almost all female residents (97.5%) breastfed with an average duration of 12 months. The top challenges reported by residents were feeling guilty for being away from their family, long and unpredictable work hours, sleep deprivation, and finding time to study. When female residents and program directors were matched to both school and program (N = 99 pairs), there was no difference in the total number of challenges reported, but program directors reported offering significantly more accommodations than female residents reported being offered, t(196) = 13.06, p < .001. Results: Our data indicate there is a need for better communication between resident parents and program directors, as well as clear program-specific parental leave policies, particularly for supporting breastfeeding mothers as they return to work.

scholarly journals Fathers on Leave: Experiences of Middle-Class Fathers on Parental Leave in the City of Zagreb

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-413
Author(s):  
Mirna Varga
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

Parental leave reforms that aimed at higher father’s involvement in childcare began in the 1970s. However, the number of fathers who took parental leave increased only in the 1990s when Scandinavian countries began introducing father’s quotas or paternity leaves, that is, earmarked leave periods to be used by fathers or otherwise lost. Croatia introduced the two-month father’s quota as late as in 2013. Although the reform did not contribute to a sudden increase in the number of fathers on parental leave, there is always a steady, albeit small, number of fathers taking up leave. This article aims to provide an insight into fathers’ experiences on parental leave in Croatia. Relying on interviews with 11 middle-class fathers in the City of Zagreb, the article explores father’s motives for taking leave, their experience regarding the initial decision and the procedure of exercising their right to leave and their experience of being on leave. Results suggest that the fathers were very eager to use their right to leave and spend time with their children. They mostly used longer leaves (more than 3 months) and the experience of being home alone with the child made the fathers learn new skills in relation to childcare and housework, but also rethink their relation to work and family. Key words: parental leave policy, parental leave, father’s quotas, fathers’ experiences, Croatia

Factors Influencing Trainees’ Interest in Breast Imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 084653712110495
Author(s):  
Tong Wu ◽  
Wyanne Law ◽  
Nayaar Islam ◽  
Charlotte J. Yong-Hing ◽  
Supriya Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Radiology Residents ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: To gauge the level of interest in breast imaging (BI) and determine factors impacting trainees’ decision to pursue this subspecialty. Methods: Canadian radiology residents and medical students were surveyed from November 2020 to February 2021. Training level, actual vs preferred timing of breast rotations, fellowship choices, perceptions of BI, and how artificial intelligence (AI) will impact BI were collected. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact tests and univariate logistic regression were performed to determine the impact of trainees’ perceptions on interest in pursuing BI/women’s imaging (WI) fellowships. Results: 157 responses from 80 radiology residents and 77 medical students were collected. The top 3 fellowship subspecialties desired by residents were BI/WI (36%), abdominal imaging (35%), and interventional radiology (25%). Twenty-five percent of the medical students were unsure due to lack of exposure. The most common reason that trainees found BI unappealing was repetitiveness (20%), which was associated with lack of interest in BI/WI fellowships (OR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.6-9.5, P = .002). The most common reason residents found BI appealing was procedures (59%), which was associated with interest in BI/WI fellowships (OR, 3.2, 95% CI, 1.2-8.6, P = .02). Forty percent of residents reported an earlier start of their first breast rotation (PGY1-2) would affect their fellowship choice. Conclusion: This study assessed the current level of Canadian trainees’ interest in BI and identified factors that influenced their decisions to pursue BI. Solutions for increased interest include earlier exposure to breast radiology and addressing inadequacies in residency training.

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