scholarly journals Plasma sex hormones and risk of conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hang ◽  
Xiaosheng He ◽  
Ane Sørlie Kværner ◽  
Andrew T. Chan ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Serrated Polyps ◽  
Free Estradiol

Abstract Background Sex hormones have been suggested to play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC), but their influence on early initiation of CRC remains unknown. Methods We retrospectively examined the associations with risk of CRC precursors, including conventional adenomas and serrated polyps, for plasma estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and the ratio of estradiol to testosterone among 5404 postmenopausal women from the Nurses’ Health Study I and II. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Given multiple testing, P < 0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results During 20 years of follow-up, we documented 535 conventional adenoma cases and 402 serrated polyp cases. Higher concentrations of SHBG were associated with lower risk of conventional adenomas, particularly advanced adenomas (multivariable OR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile, 0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.67, P for trend < 0.0001). A nominally significant association was found for SHBG with lower risk of large serrated polyps (≥ 10 mm) (OR, 0.47, 95% CI 0.17–1.35, P for trend = 0.02) as well as free estradiol and free testosterone with higher risk of conventional adenomas (OR, 1.54, 95% CI 1.02–2.31, P for trend = 0.03 and OR, 1.33, 95% CI 0.99–1.78, P for trend = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions The findings suggest a potential role of sex hormones, particularly SHBG, in early colorectal carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals The Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Sex Hormones Among Postmenopausal Women in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yu Chen ◽  
Yan-Peng Fu ◽  
Wen Zhong ◽  
Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Stratified Analysis

AimsDiet has been found to have an important effect on sex hormones. The effect of diet-induced inflammation on sex hormones has not been studied in detail among women. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and sex hormones among postmenopausal women.MethodsThis study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016 waves. A total of 1183 postmenopausal women who provided information on two 24-hour dietary intake recalls, sex hormones including total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), TT/E2, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free estradiol (FE2) and free testosterone (FT), as well as selected covariates were included. Linear regression and restricted cubic spline evaluated the association between E-DII and sex hormones. Effect modification by body mass index (BMI) and type of menopause was then examined in stratified analysis.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, linear regression showed that E-DII was positively associated with TT (P=0.035), FT (P=0.026) and TT/E2 (P=0.065). TT (P-nonlinear = 0.037) and TT/E2 (P-nonlinear = 0.035) had significant nonlinear association with E-DII. E2 (P-nonlinear = 0.046) and FE2 (P-nonlinear = 0.027) depicted a nonlinear U-shaped significant association with E-DII, the two inflection points were found at the E-DII score of -0.22 and 0.07, respectively, the associations in natural menopausal women were more pronounced.ConclusionsOur study indicates that several indicators of androgen and estrogen were associated with E-DII in postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Association of folate intake and colorectal cancer risk in the postfortification era in US women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglei Wang ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Rui Song ◽  
You Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Female Population

ABSTRACT Background Folate may play a preventive role in the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, but long latencies may be needed to observe a reduction in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. In addition, concerns have been raised about the potential for cancer promotion with excessive folate intake, especially after the mandatory folic acid fortification in the United States in 1998. Objective We aimed to examine the association between folate intake in different chemical forms and CRC risk, especially in the postfortification era in the United States. Design We prospectively followed 86,320 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1980–2016). Folate intake was collected by validated food frequency questionnaires. CRC was self reported and confirmed by review of medical records. The association between the folate intake and CRC risk was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results We documented 1988 incident CRC cases during follow-up. Analyzing folate intake as a continuous variable, greater total folate intake 12–24 y before diagnosis was associated with lower risk of CRC (per increment of 400 dietary folate equivalents (DFE)/d, HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.01 for 12–16 y; HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.92 for 16–20 y; and HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.99 for 20–24 y); and greater synthetic folic acid intake 16–24 y before diagnosis was also associated with a lower CRC risk (per increment of 400 DFE/d, HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99 for 16–20 y and HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83–1.01 for 20–24 y). In the postfortification period (1998–2016), intake of total or specific forms of folate was not associated with CRC risk, even among multivitamin users. Conclusions Folate intake, both total and from synthetic forms, was associated with a lower risk of overall CRC after long latency periods. There was no evidence that high folate intake in the postfortification period was related to increased CRC risk in this US female population.

scholarly journals Resistance training decreases plasma levels of adipokines in postmenopausal women

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam J. Ward ◽  
Sigrid Nilsson ◽  
Mats Hammar ◽  
Lotta Lindh-Åstrand ◽  
Emilia Berin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Vasomotor Symptoms ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AbstractPhysical inactivity and the onset of menopause increase the risk of cardiovascular disease amongst postmenopausal women. We aim to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on plasma levels of selected cytokines, adipokines, myokines, and sex hormones in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. This was a sub-study of a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of RT on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Women were randomised to join a 15-week RT program (n = 26) or remain sedentary as control (n = 29). Venous blood samples were taken at week-0 and week-15 for all participants. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and multiple bead assays were used to measure cytokines, adipokines, myokines, and sex hormones in plasma. Plasma measurements of 16 of 33 analytes were within detectable limits. After adjusting for good compliance in the RT group (58% of RT participants), after 15 weeks, significantly lower plasma levels of adiponectin (p < 0.001), lipocalin-2 (p < 0.01) and resistin (p = 0.04) were found. Comparing control and RT women, using change-over-time values, significant increases in median testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin levels were seen in RT women. RT intervention lowers the levels of adipokines, particularly adiponectin, in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. These results were secondary outcomes of a clinical trial, and further investigations in a larger cohort are essential with the additional control of diet control and body composition analyses. Nevertheless, our study shows RT may be a beneficial intervention in reducing inflammation amongst postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Associations among Oral Estrogen Use, Free Testosterone Concentration, and Lean Body Mass among Postmenopausal Women1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 4476-4480
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Gower ◽  
Lara Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Oral Estrogen ◽  
Regional Body Composition

Circulating concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are increased by use of oral estrogen. The objective of this study was to determine whether postmenopausal women who used oral estrogen had higher serum concentrations of SHBG and lower serum concentrations of free testosterone (T) than nonusers, and whether free T was associated with lean body mass, particularly skeletal muscle mass. Subjects were 70 postmenopausal women, 46–55 yr old, 46 of whom used oral estrogen. Total and regional body composition were determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum concentrations of SHBG, total T, and estradiol (E2) were determined by RIA. Free T was calculated from concentrations of total T and SHBG. Hormone users had higher serum concentrations of E2 and SHBG (182.0 ± 58.5 vs. 82.9 ± 41.1 nmol/L, mean ± sd, P &lt; 0.001) and lower concentrations of free T (3.7 ± 2.2 vs. 7.9± 4.1 pmol/L, mean ± sd, P &lt; 0.001); total T did not differ. Total lean mass and leg lean mass were significantly correlated with free, but not total T [r values of 0.29 (P &lt; 0.05) and 0.31 (P &lt; 0.01) for total and leg lean mass, respectively, vs. free T]; arm lean mass was not correlated with either measure of T. Serum E2 was significantly correlated with SHBG (r = 0.50, P &lt; 0.001) and free T (r = −0.33, P &lt; 0.01). These observations imply that, by reducing the concentration of bioavailable T, oral estrogen therapy may accelerate or augment lean mass loss among postmenopausal women. This conclusion awaits confirmation by longitudinal observation.

scholarly journals Association of sex hormones and sex hormone–binding globulin with depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Colangelo ◽  
Lynette L. Craft ◽  
Pamela Ouyang ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
Pamela J. Schreiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding

scholarly journals Objective Habitual Physical Activity and Estradiol Levels in Obese Latina Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Gyllenhammer ◽  
Amanda K. Vanni ◽  
Courtney E. Byrd-Williams ◽  
Marc Kalan ◽  
Leslie Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Latina Adolescents ◽  
Percent Time

Background:Lifetime physical activity (PA) is associated with decreased breast cancer (BC) risk; reports suggest that PA during adolescence contributes strongly to this relationship. PA lowers production of sex hormones, specifically estradiol, or decreases insulin resistance (IR), thereby lowering risk. Overweight Latina adolescents are insulin resistant and exhibit low levels of PA, potentially increasing their future BC risk.Methods:37 obese Latina adolescents (15.7 ± 1.1 yrs) provided measures of PA using accelerometry; plasma follicular phase estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin, total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS); IR using HOMA-IR; and body composition via DEXA. Partial correlations and stepwise linear regressions assessed cross-sectional relationships between sex hormones, IR and PA. Body composition, and age were included a priori as covariates.Results:Estradiol was negatively associated with accelerometer counts per minute (CPM; r = −0.4; P = .02), percent time spent in moderate PA (%MPA; r = −0.5; P = .006), and percent time in moderate or vigorous PA (%MVPA; r = −0.5; P = .007). DHEAS was positively associated with CPM (r = .4, P = .009), %MPA (r = .3, P = .04), and %MVPA (r = .3, P = .04). Other sex hormones and IR were not associated with PA measures.Conclusion:This study is the first to show that higher habitual PA was inversely associated with estradiol in obese adolescents.

scholarly journals Free testosterone and malignant melanoma risk in men: prospective analyses of testosterone and SHBG with 19 cancers in men and postmenopausal women UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor L. Watts ◽  
Aurora Perez-Cornago ◽  
Anika Knuppel ◽  
Konstantinos K. Tsilidis ◽  
Timothy J. Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Uk Biobank

AbstractWe investigated the associations of estimated free and total circulating testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with cancer risk in men and postmenopausal women, using a pan-cancer approach, including 19 cancers in UK Biobank.Risk was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression in up to 182,608 men and 122,112 postmenopausal women who were cancer-free at baseline. Participants diagnosed with cancer within two years of baseline were excluded. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were corrected for regression dilution bias using repeat measurements. We accounted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate.In men, higher free testosterone was associated with higher risks of melanoma and prostate cancer (HR per 50 pmol/L increase=1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.61 and 1.10,1.04-1.18, respectively). Higher total testosterone was associated with an elevated risk of liver cancer (HR per 5 nmol/L=2.45,1.56-3.84), and higher SHBG was associated with a higher risk of liver cancer (HR per 10 nmol/L=1.56,1.31-1.87) and a lower risk of prostate cancer (0.93,0.91-0.96); associations with liver cancer were attenuated after excluding early follow-up. In postmenopausal women, higher free and total testosterone and lower SHBG were associated with elevated risks of endometrial (HR per 10 pmol/L=1.59,1.32-1.90; HR per 0.5 nmol/L=1.34,1.18-1.52 and HR per 25 nmol/L=0.78,0.67-0.91, respectively) and breast cancer (1.32,1.22-1.43;1.24,1.17-1.31 and 0.88,0.83-0.94, respectively).We report a novel association of free testosterone with malignant melanoma in men; our findings also support known associations between sex hormones and risks for prostate, breast and endometrial cancers. The association with liver cancer in men may be attributable to reverse causation.

Biochemical reference intervals for sex hormones with a new AutoDelfia method in aged men

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seija Eskelinen ◽  
Tero Vahlberg ◽  
Raimo Isoaho ◽  
Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä ◽  
Kerttu Irjala
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hormone Binding

AbstractOur aim was to establish sex hormone reference intervals measured with a new AutoDelfia immunoassay method for aged men free of medication and/or conditions known to influence sex hormone levels.The reference population consisted of 466 individuals between 64 and 97 years (mean 72 years) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.9 kg/mBecause age correlated significantly with most sex hormones studied, we calculated reference intervals for three age groups (64–69, 70–74 and ≥75 years). In clinical practice, single ranges can be used for men aged 64 years or over for testosterone, estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with the AutoDelfia method. For free testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), separate reference intervals should be used for men aged 64–74 years and those aged 75 years or over. For sex hormone-binding globulin, two separate reference intervals by age (64–69 and ≥70 years) are also needed for aged men. LH and FSH reference ranges should be judged with caution, because they may be too high due to cases of subclinical hypogonadism included in the reference population.Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:249–53.

Relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and sex hormones in men and women

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald B Phillips
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Roosevelt Hospital ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Adrenal Secretion

Phillips GB. Relationship between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and sex hormones in men and women. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:201–6. ISSN 0804–4643 Previous reports of a correlation between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and testosterone in both men and women have led to the suggestion that adrenal and gonadal secretion are related. In the present study, the correlation of DHEAS with testosterone and free testosterone (FT) in both normal men and women was tested. Androstenedione, estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin were also measured and their correlations determined. All correlations were controlled for age and body mass index. In the men in the study, DHEAS did not correlate with testosterone or FT but correlated strongly with androstenedione. In the women, DHEAS correlated strongly with testosterone, FT. and androstenedione; androstenedione in turn correlated strongly with testosterone and FT. DHEAS showed no correlations with estradiol, SHBG, or insulin in the men or women. The lack of a correlation between DHEAS and testosterone in normal men is consistent with the independent secretion of these hormones by the adrenal and testis, respectively. The finding of a strong DHEAS-testosterone correlation in normal women may be explained by parallel adrenal secretion in response to trophic stimuli, i.e., without invoking an adrenal-gonadal interaction. GB Phillips, Roosevelt Hospital, 428 West 59th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA

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