scholarly journals The Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Sex Hormones Among Postmenopausal Women in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yu Chen ◽  
Yan-Peng Fu ◽  
Wen Zhong ◽  
Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Stratified Analysis

AimsDiet has been found to have an important effect on sex hormones. The effect of diet-induced inflammation on sex hormones has not been studied in detail among women. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and sex hormones among postmenopausal women.MethodsThis study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016 waves. A total of 1183 postmenopausal women who provided information on two 24-hour dietary intake recalls, sex hormones including total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), TT/E2, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free estradiol (FE2) and free testosterone (FT), as well as selected covariates were included. Linear regression and restricted cubic spline evaluated the association between E-DII and sex hormones. Effect modification by body mass index (BMI) and type of menopause was then examined in stratified analysis.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, linear regression showed that E-DII was positively associated with TT (P=0.035), FT (P=0.026) and TT/E2 (P=0.065). TT (P-nonlinear = 0.037) and TT/E2 (P-nonlinear = 0.035) had significant nonlinear association with E-DII. E2 (P-nonlinear = 0.046) and FE2 (P-nonlinear = 0.027) depicted a nonlinear U-shaped significant association with E-DII, the two inflection points were found at the E-DII score of -0.22 and 0.07, respectively, the associations in natural menopausal women were more pronounced.ConclusionsOur study indicates that several indicators of androgen and estrogen were associated with E-DII in postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Sex Hormones Among 6- to 19-Year-Old Children and Adolescents in NHANES 2015–2016

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Ma ◽  
Ruiqiang Li ◽  
Wenqiang Zhan ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Yutian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Inflammatory Index

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and sex steroids in children (6-11 years old) and adolescents (12-19 years old) in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2016.MethodsParticipants between the ages of 6-19 have 24-hour dietary intake data, serum sex hormones [total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2)], and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) available data (n = 1382). The free androgen index (FAI) is calculated as TT divided by SHBG and the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2). The constructed puberty state is defined as high levels of steroid hormones (TT≥50 ng/dL in men, E2≥20 pg/ml in women) or onset of menarche. Multiple linear regression analysis was stratified by gender-age and gender-pubertal status groups to evaluate the association between DII and sex hormone levels.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, the association between consecutive DII and sex hormone indicators by gender and age group. In male adolescents, DII was always negatively associated with TT (P-trend = 0.09), FAI (P-trend = 0.03) and E2 (P-trend = 0.01), and monotonically positively associated with SHBG (P-trend = 0.02).In female adolescents, with the increase of DII, a significant positive correlation with SHBG was observed (β 0.017, 95%CI: 0.009,0.053) (Table 3). Among female adolescents, a significant negative association between DII and TT and a significant positive association between SHBG were observed in this group. Moreover, DII was positively associated with SHBG of prepubertal males and negatively associated with FAI of prepubertal females.ConclusionsDII was associated with decreased levels of certain sex steroid hormones (TT, FAI, and E2) and increased levels of SHBG in adolescents or pubertal individuals, with the associations presenting somewhat sex-dependent pattern. However, there is little evidence that there is a significant association in children or prepubertal children. Further research needs to be carried out to verify our results.

scholarly journals Free testosterone and malignant melanoma risk in men: prospective analyses of testosterone and SHBG with 19 cancers in men and postmenopausal women UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor L. Watts ◽  
Aurora Perez-Cornago ◽  
Anika Knuppel ◽  
Konstantinos K. Tsilidis ◽  
Timothy J. Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Uk Biobank

AbstractWe investigated the associations of estimated free and total circulating testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with cancer risk in men and postmenopausal women, using a pan-cancer approach, including 19 cancers in UK Biobank.Risk was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression in up to 182,608 men and 122,112 postmenopausal women who were cancer-free at baseline. Participants diagnosed with cancer within two years of baseline were excluded. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were corrected for regression dilution bias using repeat measurements. We accounted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate.In men, higher free testosterone was associated with higher risks of melanoma and prostate cancer (HR per 50 pmol/L increase=1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.61 and 1.10,1.04-1.18, respectively). Higher total testosterone was associated with an elevated risk of liver cancer (HR per 5 nmol/L=2.45,1.56-3.84), and higher SHBG was associated with a higher risk of liver cancer (HR per 10 nmol/L=1.56,1.31-1.87) and a lower risk of prostate cancer (0.93,0.91-0.96); associations with liver cancer were attenuated after excluding early follow-up. In postmenopausal women, higher free and total testosterone and lower SHBG were associated with elevated risks of endometrial (HR per 10 pmol/L=1.59,1.32-1.90; HR per 0.5 nmol/L=1.34,1.18-1.52 and HR per 25 nmol/L=0.78,0.67-0.91, respectively) and breast cancer (1.32,1.22-1.43;1.24,1.17-1.31 and 0.88,0.83-0.94, respectively).We report a novel association of free testosterone with malignant melanoma in men; our findings also support known associations between sex hormones and risks for prostate, breast and endometrial cancers. The association with liver cancer in men may be attributable to reverse causation.

scholarly journals Plasma sex hormones and risk of conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hang ◽  
Xiaosheng He ◽  
Ane Sørlie Kværner ◽  
Andrew T. Chan ◽  
Kana Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Serrated Polyps ◽  
Free Estradiol

Abstract Background Sex hormones have been suggested to play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC), but their influence on early initiation of CRC remains unknown. Methods We retrospectively examined the associations with risk of CRC precursors, including conventional adenomas and serrated polyps, for plasma estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and the ratio of estradiol to testosterone among 5404 postmenopausal women from the Nurses’ Health Study I and II. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Given multiple testing, P < 0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results During 20 years of follow-up, we documented 535 conventional adenoma cases and 402 serrated polyp cases. Higher concentrations of SHBG were associated with lower risk of conventional adenomas, particularly advanced adenomas (multivariable OR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile, 0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.67, P for trend < 0.0001). A nominally significant association was found for SHBG with lower risk of large serrated polyps (≥ 10 mm) (OR, 0.47, 95% CI 0.17–1.35, P for trend = 0.02) as well as free estradiol and free testosterone with higher risk of conventional adenomas (OR, 1.54, 95% CI 1.02–2.31, P for trend = 0.03 and OR, 1.33, 95% CI 0.99–1.78, P for trend = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions The findings suggest a potential role of sex hormones, particularly SHBG, in early colorectal carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Male sex hormones response after a month-long Himalayas trek in relation to hemoglobin oxygen saturation

Kinesiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Lana Ružić ◽  
Maja Cigrovski Berković ◽  
Hrvoje Starčević ◽  
Dražen Lovrić ◽  
Branka R. Matković
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Potential Impact

High-altitude tourism is becoming increasingly popular among non-athletic population, but its potential impact on health is often neglected. This study investigated the changes in male sex hormones after the trek at altitudes between 1400 m and 6476 m. Seventeen recreational lowland men (age 48±11 years) participated in a 26-day Himalayan trek, with the highest point reached being Mera Peak. The initial measurements were performed 10 days before departure and included blood tests (total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin – SHBG, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate – DHEA-S, follicle stimulating hormone – FSH, and luteinizing hormone – LH) and ergometry on a treadmill. The final measurements were done 24 h after the return to 122 m (four days after reaching the altitude of 4300 m, and eight days after the altitude of 6476 m). During the tour, SpO2 and heart rate were measured 21 times. An increase in SHBG (42.6±10.6 to 50.7±12.0 nmol·L-1; p=.011), and subsequent decrease in calculated free testosterone (1.8±0.3 to 1.6±0.3%; p=.003) were observed. There was a significant correlation between the relative testosterone decrease and SHBG with mean SpO2 (Spearman R=-0.64 and 0.41, respectively). LH and FSH increased significantly (FSH Median/ IQR before=3.9/3.1-5.4 and after 4.6/4.0-7.1 IU·L-1; p=.001 and LH Median/IQR before=4.8/3.1-5.2 and after 5.9/4.9-9.3 IU·L-1; p=.008). The changes in LH and FSH did not correlate with SpO2, whereas the physical fitness levels (expressed in MET) did. The pituitary-adrenal-gonadal axis was affected by the altitude trek (involving physical exertion and hypoxia in combination), but the origin, duration and impact of changes in various aspects of men’s health should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Circulating sex hormone levels in relation to male sperm quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Jun Jing ◽  
Yong Shao ◽  
Rong Zeng ◽  
Cencen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sperm Maturation ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Inverse Association

Abstract Background Although sex hormones play critical roles in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, it remains inconclusive whether circulating sex hormones can serve as non-invasive biomarkers to improve the assessment of sperm quality. Methods We systematically evaluated the association of various sex hormones in serum with sperm quality among 338 men in subfertile couples. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), total estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Free testosterone and estradiol were calculated using a validated algorithm. A generalized liner regression model controlling for lifestyle factors was used to evaluate the associations with sperm count, concentration, motility, and morphology.Results After adjusting for age, body mass index, current smoking and alcohol drinking, LH, FSH, and TT levels were all inversely associated with sperm motility (all P for trend < 0.05); however, in mutual adjustment analysis, only LH remained an inverse association with sperm motility after adjusting for FSH and TT levels (P for trend = 0.04). Higher concentrations of LH were also associated with lower sperm progressive motility (P for trend = 0.04). Moreover, LH and FSH levels were both inversely associated with normal sperm morphology (P for trend = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Conclusions Increased levels of LH are associated with poor sperm motility and morphology, suggesting that LH may play a central role in sperm maturation. Future studies are warranted to assess potential clinical utility of LH for risk stratification and tailed prevention of male infertility.

Serum levels of androgens and migraine in postmenopausal women

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter MATTSSON
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
The Mean

Female hormones are thought to be of importance in the aetiology of migraine, which is more common in women than in men. Little attention has been paid to androgens. This study investigates the associations between migraine and serum levels of androgens in postmenopausal women not taking oestrogens. A case-control study was carried out among women participating in a mammography screening program. A neurologist clinically assessed the participants. Headache criteria proposed by the International Headache Society were used. Each of the 15 women with migraine was matched to three controls by time since menopause and by body mass index. Serum levels of androstenedione and total testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassays. Free testosterone was calculated from total testosterone, immunoassayed sex hormone-binding globulin and albumin. The mean±S.D. serum level of androstenedione was 2.7±1.1nmol/l and 3.4±1.9nmol/l in cases and controls respectively. The mean serum level of testosterone was 0.8±0.4nmol/l and 1.0±0.5nmol/l in cases and controls respectively. The mean serum level of free testosterone was 12.5±8.5pmol/l and 14.0±7.9pmol/l in cases and controls respectively. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to test for differences in serum levels of androstenedione, total testosterone and free testosterone between cases and controls. No statistically significant differences were found. To conclude, there was no evidence in this study that differences within normal levels of androgens play an important role in the aetiology of migraine in postmenopausal women not taking oestrogens.

scholarly journals Sex Hormones and Incident Heart Failure in Men and Postmenopausal Women: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. e3798-e3807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhao ◽  
Eliseo Guallar ◽  
Christie M Ballantyne ◽  
Wendy S Post ◽  
Pamela Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk

Abstract Context Sex differences exist in heart failure (HF) phenotypes, but there is limited research on the role of sex hormones in HF and its subtypes. Objective To examine the associations of total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with incident HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Design Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (prospective cohort study). Median follow-up is 19.2 years. Setting General community. Participants 4107 men and 4839 postmenopausal women, with mean age of 63.2 (standard deviation [SD] 5.7) and 62.8 (5.5) years, respectively. Exposure Plasma sex hormone levels were measured at visit 4 (1996-1998). Main Outcome Measures Incident HF events were identified through hospital discharge codes and death certificates. Results The Hazard Ratios for HF associated with 1 SD decrease in log-transformed total testosterone, DHEA-S, and SHBG were 1.10 (95% confidence interval 1.03, 1.17), 1.07 (1.00, 1.15), and 1.04 (0.96, 1.11) in men, and 1.05 (0.99, 1.13), 1.17 (1.09, 1.24), and 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) in women, respectively. The associations between sex hormones with subtypes of HF had similar patterns but were attenuated and became statistically insignificant. Conclusion In this prospective cohort, lower levels of endogenous testosterone and DHEA-S in men and DHEA-S in postmenopausal women were associated with the development of HF. Similar directions of association in both sexes and both HF subtypes suggest that sex hormones play a role in the development of HF through common pathways regardless of sex.

scholarly journals The Associations between Sex Hormones and Lipid Profiles in Serum of Women with Different Phenotypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3941
Author(s):  
Anna Bizoń ◽  
Grzegorz Franik ◽  
Justyna Niepsuj ◽  
Marta Czwojdzińska ◽  
Marcin Leśniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between selected serum sex hormones and lipid profiles in a group of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) dividing according to four phenotypes, value of body mass index (BMI), and presence of hyperlipidemia. The study included 606 Caucasian women. Lipids and selected hormones were estimated using commercially available procedures during hospitalization in 2017. Phenotype of PCOS, BMI value, and hyperlipidemia were significant factors that influenced androgen hormone concentrations, such as total and free testosterone and androstenedione as well as the value of free androgen index (FAI). Moreover, significant changes in concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were found between those groups. Higher quartiles of triglyceride concentrations increased the odds ratio of decreased concentrations of SHBG or increased values of FAI, while an adverse relation was found in case of HDL-C. The concentration of estradiol in the blood of women with PCOS was not associated with lipid profile parameters in any investigated groups. Probably, irregularities in sex hormone concentrations during PCOS is not directly associated with lipid profile parameters but could be reflective of the concentration of SHBG or the ratio of SHBG and total testosterone and their association with lipids.

scholarly journals Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional and Mediation Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1194
Author(s):  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
João Botelho ◽  
João Viana ◽  
Paula Pereira ◽  
Luísa Bandeira Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Index

Inflammation-modulating elements are recognized periodontitis (PD) risk factors, nevertheless, the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PD has never been appraised. We aimed to assess the association between DII and PD and the mediation effect of DII in the association of PD with systemic inflammation. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010, 2011–2012 and 2013–2014, participants who received periodontal exam and provided dietary recall data were included. The inflammatory potential of diet was calculated via DII. PD was defined according to the 2012 case definition. White blood cells (WBC), segmented neutrophils and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as proxies for systemic inflammation. The periodontal measures were regressed across DII values using adjusted multivariate linear regression and adjusted mediation analysis. Overall, 10,178 participants were included. DII was significantly correlated with mean periodontal probing depth (PPD), mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), thresholds of PPD and CAL, WBC, segmented neutrophils and DII (p < 0.01). A linear regression logistic adjusted for multiple confounding variables confirmed the association between DII and mean PPD (B = 0.02, Standard Error [SE]: 0.02, p < 0.001) and CAL (B = −0.02, SE: 0.01, p < 0.001). The association of mean PPD and mean CAL with both WBC and segmented neutrophils were mediated by DII (from 2.1 to 3.5%, p < 0.001). In the 2009–2010 subset, the association of mean CAL with serum CRP was mediated by DII (52.0%, p < 0.01). Inflammatory diet and PD may be associated. Also, the inflammatory diet significantly mediated the association of leukocyte counts and systemic inflammation with PD.

scholarly journals Hypogonadism and liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Quiros-Roldan ◽  
T. Porcelli ◽  
L. C. Pezzaioli ◽  
M. Degli Antoni ◽  
S. Paghera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose Hypogonadism is frequent in HIV-infected men and might impact on metabolic and sexual health. Low testosterone results from either primary testicular damage, secondary hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, or from liver-derived sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) elevation, with consequent reduction of free testosterone. The relationship between liver fibrosis and hypogonadism in HIV-infected men is unknown. Aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and type of hypogonadism in a cohort of HIV-infected men and its relationship with liver fibrosis. Methods We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study including 107 HIV-infected men (median age 54 years) with hypogonadal symptoms. Based on total testosterone (TT), calculated free testosterone, and luteinizing hormone, five categories were identified: eugonadism, primary, secondary, normogonadotropic and compensated hypogonadism. Estimates of liver fibrosis were performed by aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores. Results Hypogonadism was found in 32/107 patients (30.8%), with normogonadotropic (10/107, 9.3%) and compensated (17/107, 15.8%) being the most frequent forms. Patients with secondary/normogonadotropic hypogonadism had higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0001). Patients with compensated hypogonadism had longer HIV infection duration (p = 0.031), higher APRI (p = 0.035) and FIB-4 scores (p = 0.008), and higher HCV co-infection. Univariate analysis showed a direct significant correlation between APRI and TT (p = 0.006) and SHBG (p = 0.002), and between FIB-4 and SHBG (p = 0.045). Multivariate analysis showed that SHBG was independently associated with both liver fibrosis scores. Conclusion Overt and compensated hypogonadism are frequently observed among HIV-infected men. Whereas obesity is related to secondary hypogonadism, high SHBG levels, related to liver fibrosis degree and HCV co-infection, are responsible for compensated forms.

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