Characterization of porcine sapelovirus prevalent in western Jiangxi, China

Abstract Background Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) infection can lead severe polioencephalomyelitis with high morbidity and mortality, which result in significant economic losses. Infection with the PSV is believed to be common yet limited information is available on the prevalence and molecular characterization of PSV in China. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence and genome of PSV strains identified in the western Jiangxi province of China. Results A high specificity and sensitivity SYBR Green I-based RT-PCR method for PSV detection was developed. Two hundred and ninety four fecal samples were collected from December 2018 to March 2019 in 4 farms. An overall PSV-positivity rate of 11.22% (33/294) was detected with the real-time RT-PCR method, and a high infection rate and viral load of PSV were found in nursery pigs. In total, complete VP1 gene sequences of 11 PSV strains (PSV-YCs) were obtained. Homology comparisons of the VP1 gene of the 11 PSV-YCs with previously reported PSVs revealed nucleotide sequence identities ranging from 63% to 96.8%, and deduced amino acid sequence identities from 61.4% to 99.7%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the VP1 gene exhibited 2 main clades corresponding to PSV-1 and PSV-2, and all PSV-YCs prevalent in western Jiangxi belonged to the traditional genotype (PSV-1). In addition, the pairwise distances of VP1 gene sequences between PSV-YCs ranged from 0.009 to 0.198, which indicating that substantial genetic diversity among the PSVs in western Jiangxi. Conclusions To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of PSV in the Jiangxi province pig herds in China, and it is crucial to understand the epidemiology of the viruses in China. The results also provide an important theoretical foundation for diagnosis and early warning of epidemic diseases caused by PSVs prevailing in this region.

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Molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in Poland reveals the presence of swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) sequence in S gene

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0258318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. e0258318

Author(s):

Marta Antas ◽

Monika Olech ◽

Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Economic Losses ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Antigenic Analysis ◽

S Gene ◽

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽

Diarrhoea Virus

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a highly contagious enteric viral disease of pigs with a high morbidity and mortality rate, which ultimately results in huge economic losses in the pig production sector. The etiological agent of this disease is the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) which is an enveloped, positive single-stranded RNA virus. The aim of this study was to perform molecular characterization of PEDV to identify the strains circulating in Poland. In this study, 662 faecal samples from 2015 to 2021 were tested with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and the results showed that 3.8% of the tested samples revealed a positive result for PEDV. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome and complete S gene sequences showed that Polish PEDV strains belonged to the G1b (S-INDEL) subgroup and were closely related to the European PEDV strains isolated from 2014 to 2019. Furthermore, RDP4 analysis revealed that the Polish PEDV strains harboured a recombinant fragment of ~400 nt in the 5’ end of S gene with PEDV and swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) being the major and minor parents, respectively. Antigenic analysis showed that the aa sequences of neutralizing epitopes were conserved among the Polish PEDV strains. Only one strain, #0100/5P, had a unique substitution in the COE epitope. However, Polish PEDV strains showed several substitutions, especially in the COE antigen, as compared to the classical strain CV777. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus strains, as well as the first phylogenetic analysis for PEDV in Poland.

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Primary structure, expression and localization of two intermediate subunit lectins ofEntamoeba disparthat contain multiple CXXC motifs

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182007003459 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 134 (14) ◽

pp. 1989-1999 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. TACHIBANA ◽

X.-J. CHENG ◽

S. KOBAYASHI ◽

Y. OKADA ◽

J. ITOH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Confocal Microscopy ◽

Phenotypic Expression ◽

Surface Proteins ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Entamoeba Dispar ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Sequence Identities

SUMMARYWe have recently identified 2 surface proteins inEntamoeba histolyticaas intermediate subunits of galactose- andN-acetyl-D-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin (EhIgl1 and EhIgl2); these proteins both contain multiple CXXC motifs. Here, we report the molecular characterization of the corresponding proteins inEntamoeba dispar, which is neither pathogenic nor invasive. TwoIglgenes encoding 1110 and 1106 amino acids (EdIgl1 and EdIgl2) were cloned from 2 strains ofE. dispar. The amino acid sequence identities were 79% between EdIgl1 and EdIgl2, 75–76% between EdIgl1 and EhIgl1, and 73–74% between EdIgl2 and EhIgl2. However, all the CXXC motifs were conserved in the EdIgl proteins, suggesting that the fold conferred by this motif is important for function. Comparison of the expression level of theIglgenes by real-time RT-PCR showed 3–5 times higher expression ofEdIgl1compared toEdIgl2. Most EdIgl1 and EdIgl2 proteins were co-localized on the surface and in the cytoplasm of trophozoites, based on confocal microscopy. However, a different localization of EdIgl1 and EdIgl2 in intracellular vacuoles and a different level of phenotypic expression of the two Igls were also observed. These results demonstrate that Igls are important proteins even in non-pathogenic amoeba and that Igl1 and Igl2 may possess different functions.

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Pathology and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Sapelovirus in Indian Pigs

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-4739 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shailesh Kumar Patel ◽

Mamta Pathak ◽

Alok Singh ◽

Aditya Agrawal ◽

Jigyasa Rana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Characterization ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Morbidity Rate ◽

High Morbidity ◽

High Morbidity Rate ◽

Molecular Investigation ◽

Porcine Sapelovirus

Background: The porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense, RNA virus of the family Picornaviridae. The PSV infections in pigs have been found associated with diarrhoea, polioencephalomyelitis, pneumonia and reproductive disorders with a high morbidity rate. Despite of its economical importance very few studies are available on the pathology of PSV. The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the PSV infection and associated pathology in Indian pigs. Methods: Tissue samples along with intestinal content were collected from a total of 78 necropsied cases for histopathological examination and molecular investigation during April 2019 to August 2020. The amplification of 5' UTR region of PSV was carried out via RT-PCR and confirmed by sequencing. The Genetic characterization of Indian isolate of the PSV was done on the basis of viral 5' UTR gene. Result: A total of eight out of 78 cases were found positive for the PSV. Catarrhal and haemorrhagic enteritis, thickening and clouding of brain meninges along with congestion of brain and pneumonia was observed as common gross lesions. Microscopic lesions included perivascular cuffing, focal gliosis, neuronophagia, congestion of meningeal and cerebral vessels, interstitial pneumonia, inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa and sloughing of villi. The genetic characterization revealed maximum identity of 96.89% with PSV-1 strain PSV-46-V (LC508233) and PSV-1 strain PSV-26-B (LC508232) of Zambia. This study reported the pathological and molecular investigation of PSV from Indian pigs. Further explorative surveillance along with experimental studies in suitable animal model and cell lines are highly warranted for better understanding of PSV pathology in Indian pigs.

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Molecular characterization of two recombinant isolates of telosma mosaic virus infecting Passiflora edulis from Fujian Province in China

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8576

Author(s):

Lixue Xie ◽

Fangluan Gao ◽

Jianguo Shen ◽

Xiaoyan Zhang ◽

Shan Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Plant Virus ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Monophyletic Clade ◽

Passiflora Edulis ◽

Potyvirus Species ◽

Sequence Identities ◽

Recombination Breakpoints

Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV) is an important plant virus causing considerable economic losses to passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) production worldwide, including China. In this study, the complete genome sequence (excluding the poly (A) tail) of two TeMV isolates, Fuzhou and Wuyishan, were determined to be 10,050 and 10,057 nucleotides, respectively. Sequence analysis indicated that Fuzhou and Wuyishan isolates share 78–98% nucleotide and 83–99% amino acid sequence identities with two TeMV isolates of Hanoi and GX, and a proposed new potyvirus, tentatively named PasFru. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these TeMV isolates and PasFru were clustered into a monophyletic clade with high confidences. This indicated that PasFru and the four TeMV isolates should be considered as one potyvirus species. Two recombination breakpoints were identified within the CI and NIb genes of the Fuzhou isolate, and also within the P1 gene of the Wuyishan isolate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of TeMV recombinants worldwide.

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Molecular characterization of goose parvovirus in geese of Turkey

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6903 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Oya Bulut ◽

Irmak Dik ◽

Hatice P. Aslim ◽

Cagri Avci ◽

Hasan S. Palanci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Viral Pathogen ◽

Virulent Strains ◽

The World ◽

Goose Parvovirus ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Definition Of

ABSTRACT: Goose parvovirus (GPV), also called Derzsy’s disease, is a viral pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in goslings and ducklings. In this study, we perform the molecular characterization of the GPV in Turkey. The definition of similarity to the world of GPV isolates in Turkey and construction of a phylogenetic tree was aimed. For this purpose, the presence of GPV in the liver, spleen, and intestine tissues of nine goslings with symptoms such as dysphagia, bilateral ocular swelling, eye discharge, diarrhea, and fatigue were investigated by real-time PCR method and all samples were detected as positive. According to the data obtained by molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis of GPV has been presented in Turkey. As a result of this study, it was determined that the GPVs available in Turkey are virulent strains.

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Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Wenzhou virus in rodents in Guangzhou, China

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-03009-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nina Wang ◽

Lichao Yang ◽

Guohui Li ◽

Xu Zhang ◽

Jianwei Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Genetic Characterization ◽

Suncus Murinus ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Emerging Virus ◽

Sequence Identities

Abstract Background Wenzhou virus (WENV), a newly discovered mammarenavirus in rodents, is associated with fever and respiratory symptoms in humans. This study was aimed to detect and characterize the emerging virus in rodents in Guangzhou, China. Results A total of 100 small mammals, including 70 Rattus norvegicus, 22 Suncus murinus, 4 Bandicota indica, 3 Rattus flavipectus, and 1 Rattus losea, were captured in Guangzhou, and their brain tissues were collected and pooled for metagenomic analysis, which generated several contigs targeting the genome of WENV. Two R. norvegicus (2.9%) were further confirmed to be infected with WENV by RT-PCR. The complete genome (RnGZ37-2018 and RnGZ40-2018) shared 85.1–88.9% nt and 83.2–96.3% aa sequence identities to the Cambodian strains that have been shown to be associated with human disease. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all identified WENV could be grouped into four different lineages, and the two Guangzhou strains formed an independent clade. We also analyzed the potential recombinant events occurring in WENV strains. Conclusions Our study showed a high genetic diversity of WENV strains in China, emphasizing the relevance of surveillance of this emerging mammarenavirus in both natural reservoirs and humans.

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Comparison of Three Strategies for Sequencing Rabies Viral G Gene

Journal of Applied Virology ◽

10.21092/jav.v2i1.27 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shengli Meng ◽

Wenli Lv ◽

Jie Wu ◽

Jilin Wang ◽

Gelin Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Sequencing ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Brain Homogenate ◽

Universal Primers ◽

Viral Gene ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Polymerase Chain

<p>It is essential to rapidly, low-cost and precisely determining gene sequences of rabies virus. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction can be used to identify rabies viral G gene sequences. In this study, we evaluated three methods, conventional RT-PCR and direct sequencing, adapter RT-PCR and sequencing with universal primers, conventional RT-PCR and cloning sequencing with universal primers, to detect rabies in animal brain homogenate. Four rabies isolates recovered from Fuyang city of Anhui province were diagnosed as positive using the fluorescentantibody test, rapid rabies enzyme immunodiagnosis methods and the mouse inoculation test. The results indicated that the adapter RT-PCR method and sequencing with universal primers is extremely well suited for sequencing rabies viral gene, which is rapid, cost-effective and precise compared with other two methods.<strong></strong></p>

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Serotyping, Genotyping and Virulence Genes Characterization of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica Isolates Recovered from Pneumonic Cattle Calves in North Upper Egypt

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7040174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 174

Author(s):

Ahmed H. Abed ◽

Fawzy R. El-Seedy ◽

Hany M. Hassan ◽

Ashraf M. Nabih ◽

Eman Khalifa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Economic Losses ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Cattle Industry ◽

Upper Egypt ◽

Serotype 1 ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Serotype B

Pasteurella (P.) multocida and Mannheimia (M.) haemolytica are the most two common pathogenic bacterial agents causing pneumonia in calves. Both bacteria are associated with significant economic losses in the cattle industry due to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in the case of severe infections. The objectives of the present study were to perform serotyping and genotyping, as well as characterization of the virulence-associated genes in 48 bacterial isolates; 33 P. multocida and 15 M. haemolytica. All strains were isolated from pneumonic cattle calves showing respiratory manifestations such as fever, nasal discharges, and rapid breathing in North Upper Egypt governorates (Beni-Suef and El-Fayoum). PCR was applied as a confirmatory test using a specific universal gene, kmt1, and rpt2 for P. multocida and M. haemolytica, respectively. The results show that 29 (87.9%) P. multocida and 15 (100%) M. haemolytica isolates were positive for the corresponding universal gene. The results of serotyping indicate that 86.2% of P. multocida isolates belonged to serotype B:2, while 13.8% were untyped. Meanwhile, 60% and 40% of M. haemolytica isolates belonged to serotype 2 and serotype 1, respectively. Investigation of virulence-associated genes showed that all the tested P. multocida isolates harbored nanB, omp87, and toxA genes. Four M. haemolytica isolates harbored both gcp and lktC genes and of these, three isolates harbored the ssa gene. Sequencing of toxA gene of P. multocida and lktC gene of M. haemolytica in the current strains indicated a great homology with strains uploaded in gene banks from different hosts and localities worldwide.

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Detection and Characterization of Porcine Sapelovirus in Italian Pig Farms

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10060966 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 966

Author(s):

Eleonora Chelli ◽

Luca De Sabato ◽

Gabriele Vaccari ◽

Fabio Ostanello ◽

Ilaria Di Bartolo

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Whole Genome Sequence ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

The Family ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Porcine Sapelovirus

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) belongs to the genus Sapelovirus of the family Picornaviridae. PSV infects pigs asymptomatically, but it can also cause severe neurologic, enteric, and respiratory symptoms or reproductive failure. Sapelovirus infections have been reported worldwide in pigs. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and the prevalence of PSV in Italian swine farms in animals of different ages to clarify the occurrence of the infection and the genetic characteristics of circulating strains. In the present study, 92 pools of fecal samples, collected from pigs across three farms, were analyzed by Reverse Transcriptase-polymerase Chain Reaction-PCR (RT-PCR). Fecal pools from young growers (63/64) were found positive for Sapelovirus in all farms while detection in sows (4/28) was observed in only one farm. Phylogenetic analyses of the 19 partial capsid protein nucleotide sequences (VP1) (6–7 each farm) enable the classification of the virus sequences into three distinct clades and highlighted the high heterogeneity within one farm. The whole genome sequence obtained from one strain showed the highest correlation with the Italian strain detected in 2015. The study adds novel information about the circulation and heterogeneity of PSV strains in Italy and considering the movement of pigs across Europe would also be informative for other countries.

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