scholarly journals Occurrence and genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from domestic animals in Central Iran

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador Hajimohammadi ◽  
Abdolhossein Dalimi ◽  
Gilda Eslami ◽  
Salman Ahmadian ◽  
Sajad Zandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genotype Information

Abstract Background The species complex of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) causes cystic echinococcosis distributed worldwide. There is no genotype information from hydatid cysts in the intermediate hosts in Central Iran. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the hydatid cysts in livestock slaughtered in an abattoir in this region. Six hundred fifty-seven hydatid cysts were isolated from 97 animals, including sheep, cattle, camels, and goats slaughtered in Yazd abattoir from September 2018 to January 2020. The demographic data was collected as well as cyst location, fertility, and viability. Out of 657 samples, 164 samples were genotyped. Then, phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGAX. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 16.0 by chi-square with a significant difference of less than 0.05. Results Out of 164 samples, the G1-G3 complex genotype had the most frequency in samples, with 135 cases recognized. The G6/G7 was observed in 19 isolates and G5 was reported in nine samples. One sample was detected as Taenia hydatigena. Conclusions This study showed that G1-G3 and G6/G7 genotypes were presented in all animals, but G5 was reported only in cattle, goats, and camels. It is the first molecular identification of cystic echinococcosis in Central Iran. Hence, reporting G5 in livestock in this area should be considered due to transmission to humans.

The prevalence, intensity and viability of hydatid cysts in slaughtered animals in the Ardabil province of Northwest Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Daryani ◽  
R. Alaei ◽  
R. Arab ◽  
M. Sharif ◽  
M.H. Dehghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Northwest Iran

AbstractIn a cross-sectional study, a total of 5381 slaughtered animals, namely 928 cattle, 243 buffaloes, 3765 sheep and 445 goats were inspected macroscopically for hydatid cysts in northwest Iran, with prevalence values of 38.3%, 11.9%, 74.4% and 20%, respectively, being recorded. Prevalences were higher in females compared with males, but a significant difference (P < 0.001) was only found in sheep and cattle. Most cases which were condemned were seen in the lungs of sheep (13.4%) indicating that sheep are the most important intermediate hosts for Echinococcus granulosus in this area.

The prevalence and fertility of hydatid cysts in buffaloes from Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Amin Pour ◽  
S. H. Hosseini ◽  
P. Shayan
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
West Azerbaijan ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
A Minor

AbstractCystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus is considered to be an important parasitic infection in livestock. In the present study, which aimed to determine the epidemiology of hydatidosis in buffalo in Iran, slaughterhouses of West Azerbaijan (Urmia), East Azerbaijan (Tabriz), Ardabil (Ardabil), Gilan (Rasht and Hashtpar) and Khuzestan (Ahvaz) were inspected. Age, sex and infected organs were recorded separately, and the observed cysts were examined for fertility and viability. Our results showed that 344 (9%) of 3832 inspected buffaloes were infected with hydatid cysts. The maximum and minimum infection rates occurred in Khuzestan (9.9%) and Ardabil (8%) provinces, respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of infection in all provinces. Of 344 infected buffaloes, the rate of fertility was 7.3% and the rate of viability in fertile cysts was 78.75%. Hydatid cysts were more prevalent in female compared with male buffaloes (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the age and number of infected hosts in all provinces except East Azerbaijan. The prevalence of infection in lungs was significantly higher than that in the livers of buffaloes in the provinces studied (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the fertility of hydatid cysts in buffaloes was low, as previously demonstrated in cattle, and this animal may play a minor role in the epidemiology of hydatidosis in Iran.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte Populations in the Adventitial Layer of Hydatid Cysts in Cattle: Relationship With Cyst Fertility Status and Fasciola Hepatica Co-Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Jiménez ◽  
Caroll Stoore ◽  
Christian Hidalgo ◽  
Felipe Corrêa ◽  
Marcela Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Adventitial Layer

Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Two types of hydatid cysts occur in intermediate hosts: fertile cysts that generate protoscoleces from the germinal layer of the cyst, and infertile cysts that do not produce protoscoleces and are unable to continue the life cycle of the parasite. The adventitial layer, a host-derived fibrous capsule surrounding the hydatid cyst, is suggested to play an important role in local immune regulation during infection and in fertility of the cysts. Fasciola hepatica, another important parasite of cattle, induces a characteristic Th2-like immune response that could modulate the immune response against E. granulosus. Natural co-infection of both parasites is common in cattle, but no reports describe the local immune response against E. granulosus with F. hepatica infection in the same host. This study analyzed the number and distribution of T and B cells in the adventitial layer of liver and lung cysts and the relationship with cyst fertility and F. hepatica co-infection. T lymphocytes were the predominant cell type in the adventitial layer of infertile hydatid cysts and were more numerous in infertile hydatid cysts. B lymphocyte numbers were not associated with hydatid cyst fertility. Mast cells were infrequent in the adventitial layer. The number of T and B cells was not associated with F. hepatica co-infection. The present study contributes to the understanding of local immune responses in bovine cystic echinococcosis.

scholarly journals Cystic Echinococcosis: Clinical, Immunological, and Biomolecular Evaluation of Patients from Sardinia (Italy)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Cinzia Santucciu ◽  
Piero Bonelli ◽  
Angela Peruzzu ◽  
Alessandro Fancellu ◽  
Vincenzo Marras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), is a worldwide public health problem. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), associated with G1 and G3 genotypes, is endemic with high prevalence in the Mediterranean basin. The parasite’s life cycle comprises definitive hosts (canids) and intermediate hosts (ruminants) and can occasionally involve humans. The main aim of this research was to confirm the diagnosis of 13 patients suspected of CE who presented different complications and needed the surgical removal of the cysts. We also wanted to understand and clarify more the diagnosis of echinococcosis in humans. For this purpose, the patients first underwent cyst evaluation by ultrasound (US), immunological analysis, and then total pericystectomy, followed by parasitological, histopathological, and molecular biology examinations of the cysts. US stadiated one CE1, one CE2, eight CE3b, one CE4, and two CE5; immunology evidenced nine positives; histopathology confirmed 11 CE cysts, of which 8 fertile presenting protoscoleces were identified as E. granulosus s.s. by molecular biology, genotyped as three G1 and four G3 by neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree. In conclusion, the results showed that 11 patients were affected by E. granulosus s.s. G1 orG3, and 2 cystic neoformations were of non-parasitic origin.

Observations on the suitability and importance of the domestic intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus in Uttah Pradesh, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irshadullah ◽  
W. A. Nizami ◽  
C. N. L. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cyst Size

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the suitability and importance of buffaloes, camels, sheep, goats and pigs in maintaining the life-cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in Aligarh, India. A total of 565 (36%) of 1556 buffaloes, 20 (2%) of 1208 goats, 5 (1%) of 559 pigs, 6 (6%) of 109 sheep and two of three camels were found to harbour hydatid cysts. The frequency distribution of the hydatid cysts in each intermediate host species was over-dispersed and in buffaloes cyst fertility increased with increasing cyst size. Of 2171, 95 and four buffalo, goat, and camel cysts examined 327 (15%), two (2%) and three cysts respectively were fertile. No pig or sheep cysts were found to contain protoscoleces. The unfenced buffalo abattoir and the large number of dogs allowed access to the abattoir coupled to the number of buffaloes slaughtered in comparison to the other potential hosts, indicates that the buffalo is the most significant host for maintaining the life-cycle of the parasite in this area of India. Applicable control measures for the region are suggested.

Metacestodes of moose, Alces alces, of the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve, Ontario

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1619-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Addison ◽  
A. Fyvie ◽  
F. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Apparent Relationship

Lungs, liver, spleen, heart, and kidneys of moose, Alces alces, collected from 1963 to 1965 in the Chapleau Crown Game Preserve of northeastern Ontario were examined for parasites. Thirty-eight of 51 moose (75%) were infected with metacestodes of Taenia hydatigena Pallas, 1766; 40 of 54 (74%) with Taenia krabbei Moniez, 1879; and 36 of 54 (67%) with Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786). Twenty-two of 51 (43%) moose harboured all three species. Each species was more prevalent in older moose than in young moose and intensity of infections increased with the age of moose. Occurrence of small hydatid cysts decreased and large cysts increased with increasing age of moose. Of 1154 hydatid cysts, 95.3% were in lung tissue, 3.6% in liver, 0.9% in spleen, and 1 cyst (0.1%) was recovered from each of heart and kidney. Degenerate cysticerci of T. hydatigena and T. krabbei were observed in all age groups of moose. There was no apparent relationship between intensity of infection with metacestodes and physical condition of moose.

Canine echinococcosis: the predominance of immature eggs in adult tapeworms of Echinococcus granulosus in stray dogs from Tunisia

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Iraqi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Adult Tapeworm

AbstractCanine echinococcosis is caused by the adult tapeworm of Echinococcus granulosus. As intermediate hosts, humans and livestock become infected following ingestion of eggs that are passed in the faeces of dogs. Mature eggs develop into hydatid cysts in different organs, leading to hydatid disease, which is a serious public health problem. In the present study, we investigated the proportion of mature eggs of E. granulosus in 140 dogs from three regions of Tunisia. The results showed the predominance of immature E. granulosus eggs in infected dogs and the occurrence of a small proportion of oncospheres. The ability of immature eggs to infect humans and livestock is discussed.

Transmission of taeniid tapeworm eggs via blowflies to intermediate hosts

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Lawson ◽  
M. A. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Cooked Meat

SummaryExperiments showed that dead blowflies containing eggs of Taenia hydatigena can transmit infection if ingested by lambs during grazing. Rabbits became infected with T. pisiformis after grazing grass exposed to blowflies that had been in contact with dog faeces containing the eggs of this parasite. When captive blowflies were exposed first to dog faeces containing proglottids of T. hydatigena and then to cooked meat, 100% of pigs fed on this meat became infected. The experiments are intended to model the transmission dynamics that result in human larval tapeworm infections. The implications of the results to the epidemiology of human hydatid diseases caused by Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis as well as of T. solium cysticercosis are discussed.

scholarly journals Employing NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 1 in the Determination of Echinococcus granulosus Strain in Sheep, Cattle and Human in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 0238
Author(s):  
Sarmad Awad Mozan AL-Asadi ◽  
Wesam Jasim Hansh ◽  
Abdul-Hussien Habash Awad
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Nad1 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sheep Strain

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is an important public health and a significant economic issue in Iraq, where the lungs and livers are the popular places of infection. The aim of the current study focused on using the molecular techniques in the detection of an E. granulosus strain that causes cystic echinococcosis to human, sheep and cattle in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. In the current study, thirty isolates of E. granulosus were collected from 10 human hydatid cysts through surgery done at Al-Hussein Imam Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar province and 10 sheep with 10 cattle hydatid cysts were obtained from the slaughterhouse in Thi-Qar province, Southern of Iraq to identify strains of E. granulosus which infect human and other intermediate hosts  (sheep and cattle). The molecular study was carried out on the isolates and a specific primer set for the mitochondrial dehydrogenase NADH subunit 1 (NAD1) gene was used. This primer set was amplified 400 bp of the NAD1 gene in all selected isolates. The PCR products for the twelve selected isolates of E. granulosus (4 isolates per intermediate host) were sequenced and the results for these twelve isolates showed that all sequenced isolates, except one isolate Eg_5, belonged to the sheep strain G1 and a slight genetic diversity was observed with the reference sequences of the strain G1. The exception was in the isolate Eg_5 isolated from a cattle liver, which was similar to the buffalo strain G3. This study concludes that the common E. granulosus strain in Thi-Qar province is G1.  

scholarly journals The Importance Of A Consultation Liaison Psychiatry Service In General Hospitals: A Brazilian 6-Years Experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Takaki Konno ◽  
Fernanda Menezes de Faria ◽  
Gisele Zocoller Seno ◽  
Vinicius dos Santos Sguerri ◽  
Ana Carolina Gonçalves Olmos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Consultation Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Background: The importance of consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) services have been progressively growing in all general hospitals.Methods: Data were collected from medical records of patients treated by the CLP service, from 2014 to 2020, including clinical-demographic data, characteristics of hospitalization, reason for request, treatment plan, and clinical outcome. For these analyses, the chi-square test, z-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. The level of significance was set at 5%.Results: A total of 2,742 consultation requests were evaluated by the psychiatry team. The number of requests made grew by 109.64% over the years. In 58.21% of cases, the patient was in the ward, and 33% were requested by Internal Medicine. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.001) in the distribution of reasons for request according to patients' characterization variables.Conclusions: This study sought to analyze the functioning and growth of CLP in a tertiary Brazilian general hospital. The present findings reinforce the importance of this service and the need to implement and develop CLP in general hospitals.

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