scholarly journals A comparison of malaria prevalence, control and management strategies in irrigated and non-irrigated areas in eastern Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Muthii Muriuki ◽  
Philip Kitala ◽  
Gerald Muchemi ◽  
Ian Njeru ◽  
Joan Karanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Control And Management

scholarly journals Predicting Impacts of Climate Change on Northward Range Expansion of Invasive Weeds in South Korea

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Sun Hee Hong ◽  
Yong Ho Lee ◽  
Gaeun Lee ◽  
Do-Hun Lee ◽  
Pradeep Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Control And Management

Predicting the distribution of invasive weeds under climate change is important for the early identification of areas that are susceptible to invasion and for the adoption of the best preventive measures. Here, we predicted the habitat suitability of 16 invasive weeds in response to climate change and land cover changes in South Korea using a maximum entropy modeling approach. Based on the predictions of the model, climate change is likely to increase habitat suitability. Currently, the area of moderately suitable and highly suitable habitats is estimated to be 8877.46 km2, and 990.29 km2, respectively, and these areas are expected to increase up to 496.52% by 2050 and 1439.65% by 2070 under the representative concentration pathways 4.5 scenario across the country. Although habitat suitability was estimated to be highest in the southern regions (<36° latitude), the central and northern regions are also predicted to have substantial increases in suitable habitat areas. Our study revealed that climate change would exacerbate the threat of northward weed invasions by shifting the climatic barriers of invasive weeds from the southern region. Thus, it is essential to initiate control and management strategies in the southern region to prevent further invasions into new areas.

scholarly journals Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in a Random Sample of Community Family Practices in Ontario, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Agarwal ◽  
Janusz Kaczorowski ◽  
Steve Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chart Audit ◽  
Pressure Reading ◽  
International Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Control And Management

Objective. Diabetes care is an important part of family practice. Previous work indicates that diabetes management is variable. This study aimed to examine diabetes care according to best practices in one part of Ontario. Design and Participants. A retrospective chart audit of 96 charts from 18 physicians was conducted to examine charts regarding diabetes care during a one-year period. Setting. Grimsby, Ontario. Main Outcome Measures. Glycemic screening, control and management strategies, documentation and counselling for lifestyle habits, prevalence of comorbidities, screening for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and use of appropriate recommended preventive medications in the charts were examined. Results. Mean A1c was within target (less than or equal to 7.00) in 76% of patients (ICC = −0.02), at least 4 readings per annum were taken in 75% of patients (ICC = 0.006). Nearly 2/3 of patients had been counselled about diet, more than 1/2 on exercise, and nearly all (90%) were on medication. Nearly all patients had a documented blood pressure reading and lipid profile. Over half (60%) had a record of their weight and/or BMI. Conclusion. Although room for improvement exists, diabetes targets were mainly reached according to recognized best practices, in keeping with international data on attainment of diabetes targets.

scholarly journals International Anti-Money Laundering Measures and Professional

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-319
Author(s):  
Mansoor Khan
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Free Trade Zones ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Control And Management

Money laundering is one of the biggest and the fastest growing problems in the contemporary world. It is seen that in legitimate economy most of the dirty money i.e. 38.6% comes from the investment fraudulent schemes, bankruptcy fraud and corporate frauds whereas, 27.5% comes from drug trafficking. This rising trend of money laundering and other financial frauds are due to several reasons, which include the activities in businesses that do not comply with professional ethics. The current research is a qualitative research that has used secondary data to derive the results. Because the study followed a deductive approach, the results of the study have been derived by utilising the existing theories and established data from published literature and different reports. The analysis of the obtained data has been conducted in the form of content analysis to attain the objectives of the current study. The findings of the study suggest that the international organisations have taken several steps to ensure the reduction of money laundering by imposing several unified acts based on the Vienna Convention and the Palermo Convention. It has also been found that ethically compliant professional activities also play an integral part against money laundering. Some of these activities have been reported as forming strong codes of conduct for monetary operations, informing the bad repercussions of participating in money laundering activities, and having proper control and management strategies in position that can have adequate monitoring on institutional improper conduct. The study recommends that every state should have regulated and monitored free trade zones as they are often used as the cornerstone of money laundering. Moreover, a centralised reporting system of the financial institutions have also been recommended, alongside the establishment of a regulatory body for the lawyers and accountants.

scholarly journals Spatial dynamics and genetics of infectious diseases on heterogeneous landscapes

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 935-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A Real ◽  
Roman Biek
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
And Control

Explicit spatial analysis of infectious disease processes recognizes that host–pathogen interactions occur in specific locations at specific times and that often the nature, direction, intensity and outcome of these interactions depend upon the particular location and identity of both host and pathogen. Spatial context and geographical landscape contribute to the probability of initial disease establishment, direction and velocity of disease spread, the genetic organization of resistance and susceptibility, and the design of appropriate control and management strategies. In this paper, we review the manner in which the physical organization of the landscape has been shown to influence the population dynamics and spatial genetic structure of host–pathogen interactions, and how we might incorporate landscape architecture into spatially explicit population models of the infectious disease process to increase our ability to predict patterns of disease occurrence and optimally design vaccination and control policies.

scholarly journals Fumonisins: Impact on Agriculture, Food, and Human Health and their Management Strategies

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Kamle ◽  
Dipendra K. Mahato ◽  
Sheetal Devi ◽  
Kyung Eun Lee ◽  
Sang G. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Food Matrices ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Agriculture And Food

The fumonisins producing fungi, Fusarium spp., are ubiquitous in nature and contaminate several food matrices that pose detrimental health hazards on humans as well as on animals. This has necessitated profound research for the control and management of the toxins to guarantee better health of consumers. This review highlights the chemistry and biosynthesis process of the fumonisins, their occurrence, effect on agriculture and food, along with their associated health issues. In addition, the focus has been put on the detection and management of fumonisins to ensure safe and healthy food. The main focus of the review is to provide insights to the readers regarding their health-associated food consumption and possible outbreaks. Furthermore, the consumers’ knowledge and an attempt will ensure food safety and security and the farmers’ knowledge for healthy agricultural practices, processing, and management, important to reduce the mycotoxin outbreaks due to fumonisins.

scholarly journals Introductory Review of Energy Efficiency in Buildings Retrofits

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8100
Author(s):  
Joana Fernandes ◽  
Maria Catarina Santos ◽  
Rui Castro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Practice Approach ◽  
Physical Elements ◽  
Control And Management

Energy-efficient building retrofits must be approached from three perspectives: law regulation approach, financial incentives approach, and practice approach. The concepts of zero energy building and life cycle energy building are presented as the basis for energy retrofits. Multi-criteria boards to assess the decision-making process are reviewed, analysed, and categorised under an architectonic perspective. Some examples are presented, with different packages of measures, from deep to non-invasive energy retrofits. Passive and active energy generation systems, together with control and management strategies, are the physical elements identified with the potential to improve buildings’ energy efficiency. From a practice approach, this literature review identifies the concept of performance-based architectural design to optimise the planning and design of buildings’ energy retrofits. In addition, tools such as Building Information Modelling are described as part of optimisation processes, as they enable designers to rapidly analyse and simulate a building’s performance at the design stage.

scholarly journals Pig Sero-Survey and Farm Level Risk Factor Assessment for Japanese Encephalitis in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shristi Ghimire ◽  
Santosh Dhakal ◽  
Narayan Prasad Ghimire ◽  
Durga Datt Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control And Management

The objectives of this cross-sectional study was to determine the seropositivity status of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in pig and ascertain the farm level risk factors in Nepal. Serum samples were collected from 181 pigs in 91 farms of Rupandehi and Kapilbastu districts and tested for antibodies by IgG ELISA. Survey of farmers in each farm was carried out to determine the farm level risk factors. A total of 20 out of 181 (11%) serum samples tested positive for JEV antibodies. There was no statistically significant difference in seropositivity with age (p>0.05), sex (p>0.05) and breed (p>0.05) of pigs. Farm level infection was significantly associated with closeness to rice fields (p<0.05), closeness to standing water sources (p<0.05), wild bird exposure (p<0.05) and mosquito bite to pigs (p<0.05). These factors need to be addressed while formulating prevention, control and management strategies of JEV in pig and hence in human. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.10639  Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 311-314  

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