A cross-sectional study of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection burden and risk factors in general population children in 12 villages in northern Uganda

Background: Incidence of noncommunicable disease, specially cardiovascular diseases, is increasing in Bangladesh. Prevalence of risk factors in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been studied in different tertiary hospitals and institutes. This study was done in a secondary hospital with a patient population mainly of low socioeconomic condition and was compared with other patient groups of the country and Indian subcontinent. Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted in Manikganj Sadar Hospital from July 2019 to December 2019. All the patients admitted with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) were included. Cardiovascular risk factors, like smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), family history of premature cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia and obesity, were evaluated among the patients. Results: This cross-sectional study showed most of the patients were in the age group of 50-59 years. 66% of the male patients and 2% of the female patients were smoker. 66% of the patients were hypertensive, 44% patients were diabetic, 28.5% patients were overweight, 60.4% patients had total cholesterol > 200mg/dl, 73.6% patients had LDL>130 mg/dl, 110 76.3% patients had HDL < 40 mg/ dl, 72.2% had triglyceride >150 mg/dl and 39% patients had family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Ninety (62.5%) patients had anterior MI, 50 (34.7%) patients had inferior MI and 4 (2.7%) patients had NSTEMI. 65 patients had no major risk factor and 57 % had three or more risk factors. Conclusion: The study population was more aged in comparison to other studies conducted in different parts of Bangladesh. Prevalence of smoking habit was lower but the prevalence of HTN, DM and dyslipidaemia were higher than the general population and other cohorts of MI patients. The prevalence of major risk factors was much higher than the general population of Bangladesh. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 96-101

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Prevalence and factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia in Northern Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study

Tropical Medicine and Health ◽

10.1186/s41182-020-00275-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David Mukunya ◽

Beatrice Odongkara ◽

Thereza Piloya ◽

Victoria Nankabirwa ◽

Vincentina Achora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Child Age

Abstract Background Neonatal hypoglycemia is the most common endocrine abnormality in children, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The burden and risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa are unknown. Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia in Lira District, Northern Uganda. Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study, nested in a cluster randomized controlled trial designed to promote health facility births and newborn care practices in Lira District, Northern Uganda. This study recruited neonates born to mothers in the parent study. Random blood glucose was measured using an On Call® Plus glucometer (ACON Laboratories, Inc., 10125 Mesa Road, San Diego, CA, USA). We defined hypoglycemia as a blood glucose of < 47 mg/dl. To determine the factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia, a multivariable linear regression mixed-effects model was used. Results We examined 1416 participants of mean age 3.1 days (standard deviation (SD) 2.1) and mean weight of 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). The mean neonatal blood glucose level was 81.6 mg/dl (SD 16.8). The prevalence of a blood glucose concentration of < 47 mg/dl was 2.2% (31/1416): 95% CI 1.2%, 3.9%. The risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia were delayed breastfeeding initiation [adjusted mean difference, − 2.6; 95% CI, − 4.4, − 0.79] and child age of 3 days or less [adjusted mean, − 12.2; 95% CI, − 14.0, − 10.4]. Conclusion The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was low in this community and was predicted by delay in initiating breastfeeding and a child age of 3 days or less. We therefore suggest targeted screening and management of neonatal hypoglycemia among neonates before 3 days of age and those who are delayed in the onset of breastfeeding.

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Abdominal obesity and other risk factors largely explain the high CRP in Indigenous Australians relative to the general population, but not gender differences: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-10-700 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Allison M Hodge ◽

Louise Maple-Brown ◽

Joan Cunningham ◽

Jacqueline Boyle ◽

Terry Dunbar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gender Differences ◽

General Population ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Indigenous Australians ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Non-medical university students are not more knowledgeable than general population concerning serious diseases

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183561 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 3767

Author(s):

Yasir B. Elshambaty ◽

Mohamed D. Gismalla ◽

Ahmed S. Alomari ◽

Abdulkareem A. Alghamdi ◽

Abdulelah F. Almalki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

General Population ◽

University Students ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bleeding Per Rectum ◽

Sedentary Life ◽

Medical University

Background: The aim of this study was to know the level of awareness of non-medical university students of risk factors and symptoms of colorectal cancer.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Al Baha University among non-medical students between 1st of May and 30th of June 2017.Results: The study comprised (n=463) students. Smoking and sedentary life as risk factors to CRC was known by (55.3%) and (51.0%) respectively. less than half (42%) knew that alcohol is a risk factor. The vast majority of our students (68.7%) had known that fruits and vegetables can decrease the incidence of CRC. The symptoms of CRC that more recognized by participants were abdominal pain (43.2%) and bleeding per rectum(45.5%).Conclusions: We concluded that the overall knowledge of non-medical University students concerning the awareness of risk factors and symptomatology of colorectal cancer is poor and nearly similar to general population knowledge concerning this problem.

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Frequency of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia and its associated factors among general population in Faisalabad.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.12.4073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 2216-2221

Author(s):

Sameea Nazir ◽

Uzma Sagheer ◽

Sumera Riaz ◽

Zahid Masood Khan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

General Population ◽

Private Sector ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ethical Review ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College

Osteoporosis means “porous bone”. This condition occurs when body lose minerals like calcium more than body can replace it and this leads to thinning of bone mass and increase fragility of bones. This disease is a silent public health issue because of its increasing morbidities, mortalities and disabilities. Objectives: 1. To determine the frequency of osteoporosis and osteopenia. 2. To find out risk factors associated with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Study Design: This was a Cross Sectional study. Setting: In a private sector Medical College of Faisalabad. Period: From 1st June 2018 to 1st December 2018. Material & Methods: After approval from ethical review committee, this study was conducted through the BMD screening camps held in a private sector Medical College of Faisalabad. It was a cross-sectional study. Data was collected through well-structured close-ended questionnaire. Convenient sampling was done. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound machine was used to assess bone mineral density of the participants through their right heel. BMD values in the form of T-score were converted by machine. Results: Out of 116 participants 20 (17%) were male and 96 (83%) were female. Factors that were statistically (p ≤0.05) associated with osteoporosis and osteopenia were female gender and inadequate physical activity. More than 50% of the women had either osteoporosis or osteopenia and doing regular physical activity were mainly significant determinants. Exposure to sunlight was not associated with the low BMD or osteoporosis (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that important modifiable risk factors like increase in calcium and vitamin D intake and life style modification can improve bone health. Health education and awareness programs with special reference to balanced diet should be held to educate general population.

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Diabetes in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15091906 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1906 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ali Gillani ◽

Fakir Amirul Islam ◽

Khezar Hayat ◽

Naveel Atif ◽

Caijun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

General Population ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetes Risk Factors ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Low knowledge about diabetes risk factors coupled with high disease prevalence is common in low-resource countries. This study evaluated diabetes-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the general population in Punjab (Pakistan). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts in Punjab from January to March 2017. Data were collected from 2019 adults aged 18–90 years through face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The total knowledge score ranged from 0–9; a score ≥6 was considered adequate diabetes awareness. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and linear and binary logistic regression were used for the analyses. Results: Respondents’ mean age was 32.92 ± 11.4 years. In total, 85.9% of respondents had heard of diabetes, and 30.1% knew about the glucose tolerance test. We found 2.3% of respondents scored zero for diabetes knowledge, 11.3% scored 9, and 47.4% scored ≥6 (adequate awareness). Being female (β = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 0.05; p = 0.001), socioeconomic status (β = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.36; p < 0.001), being diabetic (β = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.10; p < 0.001), and higher education (β = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.33; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with knowledge score. Respondents with high socioeconomic status showed significantly higher positive attitudes compared with those with low socioeconomic status (adjusted odds ratio 1.57, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.24). Only 8.7% (30/343) of those diagnosed with diabetes had never undergone blood glucose screening since diagnosis. Conclusions: Knowledge of diabetes risk factors, management, and care is low in Pakistan’s general population. Targeted public education programs should be instigated at a national level to increase understanding of diabetes prevention and treatment.

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High prevalence of intimate partner violence among pregnant teenagers in Lira district, northern Uganda: a cross sectional study.

10.21203/rs.2.13860/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Grace Auma ◽

Elizabeth Ayebare ◽

Connie Olwit ◽

Grace Ndeezi ◽

Victoria Nankabirwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

General Population ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes for the mother and her unborn baby. Whereas the literature on IPV in the general population is extensive, little is known about IPV among pregnant teenagers especially in resource limited settings. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with IPV among pregnant teenagers attending antenatal care clinics (ANC) in Lira District, Northern Uganda. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 310 pregnant teenagers attending ANC at Lira regional referral hospital and Ogur health center IV. Eligible teenagers were recruited consecutively until the required sample size was accrued. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. IPV was determined using the Revised Conflict Tactile Scale (CTS2) screening tool. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with IPV during pregnancy while considering potential confounding factors. Results: The overall prevalence of IPV among pregnant teenagers was 40.6% [95% CI: 35.13-46.34]. The prevalence of psychological violence was 37.1%, [95% CI: 31.70-42.74]; sexual assault 29%, [95% CI: 24.04-34.43] and physical violence was 24.8%, [95% CI: 20.13-30.04]. Partner alcohol intake (OR=5.00, 95%CI: 2.87-8.71, P =0.000); polygamy (OR=2.80, 95%CI: 1.49-5.23, p=0.001); and inability to make major decision in the home by the teenage mother (OR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.29-4.54: P=0.006); were independently associated with IPV during pregnancy. Conclusion: About 4 in 10 of pregnant teenagers in Lira district, Northern Uganda experience IPV. This is higher than what has been reported in the general population of pregnant women in Uganda. Teenagers were more likely to experience IPV if they were in a polygamous relationship, were unable to make major decisions in the home and had an alcoholic partner. IPV screening and counselling should be part of the routine antenatal care package. Key words; Intimate partner violence, teenage pregnancy, factors associated.

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