scholarly journals Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among homeless individuals in Dessie and Debre Birhan towns, Northeast Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsedale Semunigus ◽  
Belay Tessema ◽  
Setegn Eshetie ◽  
Feleke Moges
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Debre Birhan

scholarly journals Sex-related differences in smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Prevalence and associated factors

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245304
Author(s):  
Norfazilah Ahmad ◽  
Mazni Baharom ◽  
Azimatun Noor Aizuddin ◽  
Rohaya Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Male Patients

Smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is more infectious compared to smear-negative PTB and have great significance for epidemiology and infection control. The prevalence of smear-positive PTB rarely affects males and females equally. Hence, we aimed to identify the sex-related differences in the prevalence of smear-positive PTB and its associated factors in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Tuberculosis Information System (TBIS) from 1 January, 2015, to 31 December, 2019. The study population was selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered PTB patients in TBIS. The criteria for inclusion were all Malaysian adults aged ≥18 years residing in Kuala Lumpur and registered as PTB in TBIS. Factors associated with smear-positive PTB in male and female patients were determined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Overall prevalence of smear-positive PTB was 68.6%, and male patients predominated (71%). The male:female prevalence ratio of smear-positive PTB was 2.4:1. Male patients who worked as machine operators and elementary workers (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–4.02, p = 0.007), were self-employed (aOR 2.58, 95% CI 1.46–4.56, p = 0.001), lived in a residence categorized as ‘other’ (aOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.28–4.86, p = 0.007) and were smokers (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.87, p = 0.045) had higher odds for smear-positive PTB. Meanwhile, female patients with diabetes mellitus had higher odds for smear-positive PTB (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.05–3.54, p = 0.035), while female patients who were healthcare workers had lower odds (aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12, 0.94, p = 0.039). The prevalence of smear-positive PTB is higher in males compared to females. The factors associated with smear-positive PTB differed based on sex. The current TB control program, especially on smear-positive PTB, should likely be strategized and stratified by sex.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Tuberculosis among Adult Household Contacts of Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Treated in Public Health Facilities of Haramaya District, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinet Adane ◽  
Melake Damena ◽  
Fitsum Weldegebreal ◽  
Hussein Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Haramaya District

Background. Tuberculosis is an infectious airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It still remains a major public health problem which affects all age groups. Risk of exposure is higher in household contact than members of the general population. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis among adult household contacts of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Haramaya district, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia from February to March, 2019. Method. A community based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A total of 454 study participants were selected using systematic sampling method from all adult household contacts of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated from July 2017 to December 2018. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire; and laboratory examination was processed using fluorescent smear microscope. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the infection of pulmonary tuberculosis and a statistically significant association was declared at P-value < 0.05. Result. The overall prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among adult household contacts was 7.8% (95% CI: 5.8–10.0). The risk factors for tuberculosis infection among household contacts were eating meals less than three times per day (AOR = 4.31; 95% CI: 1.61, 11.55), drinking raw milk (AOR = 4.12; 95% CI: 1.43, 11.90), having family history of tuberculosis with more than one index case (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.02, 6.92), living in poor ventilated houses (AOR = 4.02; 95% CI: 1.38, 11.76), and living in inadequate size of living room (AOR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.30, 8.86). Conclusion. In this study, the prevalence of tuberculosis among adult household contacts of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis is high. Eating meals less than three times per day, drinking raw milk, living in poor ventilated houses, and inadequate sizes of the rooms were identified as contributing factors. Therefore, we recommend that the transmission of tuberculosis can potentially be reduced by a better contact tracing and treatment strategies along with appropriate health education.

Cost-effectiveness of chemotherapy for sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric De Jonghe ◽  
Christopher J. L. Murray ◽  
H. J. Chum ◽  
D. S. Nyangulu ◽  
A. Salomao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

scholarly journals A simple, valid, numerical score for grading chest x-ray severity in adult smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis

Thorax ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 863-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Ralph ◽  
M. Ardian ◽  
A. Wiguna ◽  
G. P. Maguire ◽  
N. G. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest X Ray

Prevalence and factors associated to depression among Debrebirhan University students: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
(MD
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Debre Birhan

Abstract Background: Undiagnosed depression among university students has an adverse effect on the wellbeing and academic performance of students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among Debre Birhan university students. Methodology: Institutional based cross-sectional study design is conducted in Debre Birhan University from April to June 2013 E.C. Three hundred sixty nine students participated in this study which was selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using a self-administered PHQ-9 standard depression questionnaire. First the data was entered into in Epidata 3.1 and then was exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Associated factors were identified using binary logistic regression and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared as statistically significant factors with the outcome variables. Result: All of the study subjects were between ages 18 and 33 with a mean age of 22.65 9 ± 2.78. The overall prevalence of depression is 17.1%. Among this according to PHQ-9 scores cut scores, 161(43.6 %) scored as normal (0–4), 145(39.3%) scored as mild (5–9), 53(14.4%) scored as moderate (10–14), 4(1.1%) scored as moderately severe (15–19) and 6(1.6%) students scored as sever (> 20). In multivariate analysis being female AOR = 9.28[3.47–24.81], academic year AOR = 0.236[0.059–0.936], smoking 26.3[9.33–74.1] and alcohol use AOR of 2.62[0.95–7.21] are significantly associated with depression. Conclusion and recommendation: This study found a considerable proportion of undergraduate students with depression. Higher institutions need to pay special attention to students especially those who are female, junior students, smokers and alcohol users.

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