scholarly journals Physiological of biochar and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles as amendments of Cd accumulation and toxicity toward muskmelon grown in pots

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunqiang Wang ◽  
Zhengkang Zou ◽  
Xinliang Su ◽  
Fengting Wan ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Farmland Soil ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Abstract Background Due to the severe cadmium (Cd) pollution of farmland soil, effective measures need to be taken to reduce the Cd content in agricultural products. In this study, we added α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and biochar into Cd-contaminated soil to investigate physiological responses of muskmelon in the whole life cycle. Results The results showed that Cd caused adverse impacts on muskmelon (Cucumis melo) plants. For instance, the chlorophyll of muskmelon leaves in the Cd alone treatment was reduced by 8.07–32.34% in the four periods, relative to the control. The treatments with single amendment, α-Fe2O3 NPs or 1% biochar or 5% biochar, significantly reduced the soil available Cd content, but the co-exposure treatments (α-Fe2O3 NPs and biochar) had no impact on the soil available Cd content. All treatments could reduce the Cd content by 47.64–74.60% and increase the Fe content by 15.15–95.27% in fruits as compared to the Cd alone treatment. The KEGG enrichment results of different genes in different treatments indicated that single treatments could regulate genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and MAPK signal transduction pathways to reduce the Cd toxicity. Conclusions Overall the combination of biochar and α-Fe2O3 NPs can alleviate Cd toxicity in muskmelon. The present study could provide new insights into Cd remediation in soil using α-Fe2O3 NPs and biochar as amendments. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Selenium Enhances Cadmium Accumulation Capability in Two Mustard Family Species—Brassica napus and B. juncea

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Wei Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ying Dong ◽  
Ling-Yang Feng ◽  
Zong-Lin Deng ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
High Level

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a Cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator. However, high-level Cd at the early seedling stage seriously arrests the growth of rape, which limits its applications. Brassica juncea had higher Cd accumulation capacity, but its biomass was lower, also limiting its applications. Previous studies have confirmed that Selenium (Se) can alleviate Cd toxicity. However, the regulatory mechanism of Se in different valence states of Cd accumulation was unclear. In this study, we investigated the ameliorating effects of three Se valence states, Na2SeO4 [Se(VI)], Na2SeO3 [Se(IV)] and Se-Met [Se(II)], to Cd toxicity by physiological and biochemical approaches in hydroponically-cultured Brassica juncea and Brassica napus seedlings. Although Se treatments slightly inhibited seedling Cd concentration, it tripled or quadrupled the Cd accumulation level per plant, because dry weight increased about four times more with Se and Cd application than with Cd treatment alone. Among the different valence states of Se, Se(II) had the most marked effect on reducing Cd toxicity as evidenced by decreased growth inhibition and Cd content. The application of Se(II) was effective in reducing Cd-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, and promoted the antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthesis of both Brassica species. In addition, Se(II) treatment increased the concentrations of Cd in the cell wall and soluble fractions, but the Cd concentration in the organelle part was reduced.

scholarly journals Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Sibongokuhle Ndlovu ◽  
Rajasekhar V.S.R. Pullabhotla ◽  
Nontuthuko R. Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Hormetic Effect

Corchorus olitorius, a leafy vegetable with high nutrient content, is normally collected from the wild, in areas that are prone to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. However, studies on how Cd accumulation affects vegetative and reproductive traits of leafy vegetables in South Africa are limited. Therefore, this study tested the effect of Cd accumulation on C. olitorius morphological traits. Plants were grown under various Cd concentrations and studied for variation in vegetative and reproductive traits as well as accumulation in roots and shoots. Plants exposed to 5 mg/kg Cd had longer roots with higher moisture content, heavier fresh and dried stems, as well as dried leaves, which indicated a hormetic effect in C. olitorius after exposure to low Cd concentration in the soil. Again, plants treated with 5–10 mg/kg Cd, accumulated toxic (>10 mg/kg dry weight) Cd within shoots and roots, with minor morphological alterations. Plants could survive, with some morphological defects, Cd toxicity up to 20 mg/kg in soil. Only plants exposed to 5 mg/kg could reproduce. Cd accumulation increased with an increase in the soil, with higher accumulation in shoots. The translocation factor was high (>1) in all Cd concentrations. In conclusion, C. olitorius can accumulate toxic Cd, and yet grow and reproduce either normally or better than the control. The proposed dose of Cd that induces hormesis in C. olitorius is 5 mg/kg in the soil. Therefore, C. olitorius is suitable for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soils, but unsafe for consumption when it grows in such areas.

scholarly journals Foliar application of seed water extract of Nigella sativa improved maize growth in cadmium-contaminated soil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254602
Author(s):  
Madiha Khadim Hussain ◽  
Abida Aziz ◽  
Hafiza Mamona Allah Ditta ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Azhar ◽  
Ahmed M. El-Shehawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Hybrid Genotype ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Water Contents

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread heavy metal, which commonly exert negative impacts on agricultural soils and living organisms. Foliar application of seed water extract of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) can mitigate the adverse impacts of Cd-toxicity in plants through its rich antioxidants. This study examined the role of seed water extracts of N. sativa (NSE) in mitigating the adverse impacts of Cd-toxicity on maize growth. Two maize genotypes (synthetic ‘Neelum’ and hybrid ‘P1543’) were grown under 0, 4, 8 and 12 mg Cd kg-1 soil. The NSE was applied at three different concentrations (i.e., 0, 10 and 20%) as foliar spray at 25 and 45 days after sowing. All Cd concentrations had no effect on germination percentage of both genotypes. Increasing Cd concentration linearly decreased root and allometric attributes, gas exchange traits and relative water contents of hybrid genotype. However, gas exchange traits of synthetic genotype remained unaffected by Cd-toxicity. Overall, hybrid genotype showed better tolerance to Cd-toxicity than synthetic genotype with better germination and allometric attributes and less Cd accumulation. Foliar application of NSE lowered negative effects of Cd-toxicity on all studied traits, except relative water contents. In conclusion, foliar application of NSE seemed a viable option to improve maize growth in Cd-contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Silicon Fertilization: A Step towards Cadmium-Free Fragrant Rice

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2440
Author(s):  
Qamar uz Zaman ◽  
Muhammad Rashid ◽  
Rab Nawaz ◽  
Afzal Hussain ◽  
Kamran Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Silicon Fertilization

Soil contamination with toxic cadmium (Cd) is becoming a serious global problem and poses a key hazard to environments and the health of human beings worldwide. The present study investigated the effects of foliar applications of three forms of silicate chemicals (calcium silicate, sodium silicate, and potassium silicate) at four rates (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) at tillering stage on rice growth and the accumulation of Cd under Cd stress (30 mg kg−1). The results showed that Cd stress reduced the yield-related traits and enlarged Cd contents in different rice organs. The leaf gas exchange attributes and yield traits were enhanced, and the Cd accumulation and bioaccumulation factor in rice organs were reduced, especially in grains, through silicon application. In shoots, roots, and grains, foliar spray of Si reduced Cd contents by 40.3%, 50.7%, and 47.9%, respectively. The effectiveness of silicate compounds in reducing Cd toxicity varied with the kind of chemicals and doses of foliar applications. Foliar application of potassium silicate, at a rate of 0.5%, at tillering stage, showed the best effectiveness in improving grain yield, while mitigating Cd accumulation in rice grains. The outcome of this study provides a promising practicable approach in alleviating Cd toxicity in rice and preventing the entrance of Cd into the food chain.

Differences in yield components and kernel Cd accumulation in response to Cd toxicity in four barley genotypes

Chemosphere ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feibo Wu ◽  
Guoping Zhang ◽  
Peter Dominy ◽  
Hongxia Wu ◽  
Dango M.L. Bachir
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Jasmonic Acid Alleviates Cd Toxicity and Reduces Cd Accumulation in Oryza Sativa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Shengnan Zhang ◽  
Qiongli Bao ◽  
Yutan Chu ◽  
Hongyu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity

scholarly journals Selenium Modulates the Level of Auxin to Alleviate the Toxicity of Cadmium in Tobacco

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo ◽  
Wei ◽  
Sun ◽  
Wang ◽  
Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Auxin Concentration ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Auxin Synthesis ◽  
Auxin Efflux Carriers ◽  
Total P

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that potentially threatens human health worldwide. Developing approaches for efficiently treating environmental Cd is a priority. Selenium (Se) plays important role in the protection of plants against various abiotic stresses, including heavy metals. Previous research has shown that Se can alleviate Cd toxicity, but the molecular mechanism is still not clear. In this study, we explore the function of auxin and phosphate (P) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), with particular focus on their interaction with Se and Cd. Under Cd stress conditions, low Se (10 μM) significantly increased the biomass and antioxidant capacity of tobacco plants and reduced uptake of Cd. We also measured the auxin concentration and expression of auxin-relative genes in tobacco and found that plants treated with low Se (10 μM) had higher auxin concentrations at different Cd supply levels (0 μM, 20 μM, 50 μM) compared with no Se treatment, probably due to increased expression of auxin synthesis genes and auxin efflux carriers. Overexpression of a high affinity phosphate transporter NtPT2 enhanced the tolerance of tobacco to Cd stress, possibly by increasing the total P and Se content and decreasing Cd accumulation compared to that in the wild type (WT). Our results show that there is an interactive mechanism among P, Se, Cd, and auxin that affects plant growth and may provide a new approach for relieving Cd toxicity in plants.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid application alleviates Cadmium accumulation in brown rice by modulating its shoot to grain translocation in rice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Feijuan ◽  
Tan Haifeng ◽  
Zhang Yiting ◽  
Huang Lihong ◽  
Ding Yanfei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) contamination has been recognized as a major threat to the agricultural system and crop production which posing serious threat to human health. Salicylic acid (SA) serves as an important signaling molecule and plays an important role in against Cd toxicity. In the previous field experiments, we found SA spraying could reduce the Cd accumulation of rice grain grown in Cd-contaminated soil. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of SA spraying on leaves of rice seedlings under Cd stress. Results showed that SA treatment could alleviate the Cd toxicity of rice not by changing the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes to reduce the H 2 O 2 accumulation in rice. And the key factor of SA treatment reducing Cd accumulation in rice grain was the decreasing of Cd contents in rice leaves at the flowering stage. This indicated that SA could modulate the Cd accumulation of shoots to reduce the Cd translocation to rice grain. Furthermore, SA could increase the H 2 O 2 contents in a short-term to activate the SA-signaling pathway, and modulate the expression levels of Cd transporters ( OsLCT1 and OsLCD ) in rice leaves toraise Cd tolerance and reduce Cd accumulation in rice grain. Thus, SA spraying can be used as an effective measure to cope with Cd contamination in paddy soils.

scholarly journals Transporters and ascorbate–glutathione metabolism for differential cadmium accumulation and tolerance in two contrasting willow genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojiao Han ◽  
Yunxing Zhang ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Dong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Metal Transporter ◽  
Salix Matsudana ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Iron Regulated Transporter ◽  
Cd Translocation

Abstract Salix matsudana Koidz is a low cadmium (Cd)-accumulating willow, whereas its cultivated variety, Salix matsudana var. matsudana f. umbraculifera Rehd., is a high Cd-accumulating and tolerant willow (HCW). The physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying differential Cd accumulation and tolerance in the two Salix species are poorly understood. Here, we confirmed that the differential Cd translocation capacity from roots to the shoots leads to the differential Cd accumulation in their aboveground parts between these two willow genotypes. Cadmium accumulation happens preferentially in the transport pathway, and Cd is mainly located in the vacuolar, cell wall and intercellular space in HCW bark by cadmium location analysis at tissue and subcellular levels. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that higher expressions of several metal transporter genes (ATP-binding cassette transporters, K+ transporters/channels, yellow stripe-like proteins, zinc-regulated transporter/iron-regulated transporter-like proteins, etc.) are involved in root uptake and translocation capacity in HCW; meanwhile, ascorbate–glutathione metabolic pathways play essential roles in Cd detoxification and higher tolerance of the Cd-accumulator HCW. These results lay the foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in woody plants and provide new insights into molecular-assisted-screening woody plant varieties for phytoremediation.

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