scholarly journals Marital status, educational attainment, and suicide risk: a Norwegian register-based population study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Øien-Ødegaard ◽  
Lars Johan Hauge ◽  
Anne Reneflot
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Never Married ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The presence and quality of social ties can influence suicide risk. In adulthood, the most common provider of such ties is one’s partner. As such, the link between marital status and suicide is well-documented, with lower suicide risk among married. However, the association between marital status and educational level suggest that marriage is becoming a privilege of the better educated. The relationship between educational attainment and suicide is somewhat ambiguous, although several studies argue that there is higher suicide risk among the less educated. This means that unmarried with low education may concurrently experience several risk factors for suicide. However, in many cases, these associations apply to men only, making it unclear whether they also refer to women. We aim to investigate the association between marital status, educational attainment, and suicide risk, and whether these associations differ across sexes. Methods Our data consist of Norwegian residents aged 35–54, between 1975 and 2014. Using personal identification-numbers, we linked information from various registers, and applied event history analysis to estimate suicide risk, and predicted probabilities for comparisons across sexes. Results Overall, associations across sexes are quite similar, thus contradicting several previous studies. Married men and women have lower suicide risk than unmarried, and divorced and separated have significant higher odds of suicide than never married, regardless of sex. Low educational attainment inflates the risk for both sexes, but high educational attainment is only associated with lower risk among men. Being a parent is associated with lower suicide risk for both sexes. Conclusions Higher suicide risk among the divorced and separated points to suicide risk being associated with ceasing of social ties. This is the case for both sexes, and especially those with low educational attainment, which both healthcare professionals and people in general should be aware of in order to promote suicide prevention.

Gender Differences in the Link Between Marital Status and the Risk of Cognitive Impairment: Results From the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 009141502110241
Author(s):  
Yujin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Event History ◽  
Never Married ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Married Men ◽  
And Gender

In the context of South Korea, characterized by increasing population aging and a changing family structure, this study examined differences in the risk of cognitive impairment by marital status and investigated whether this association differs by gender. The data were derived from the 2006–2018 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. The sample comprised 7,568 respondents aged 45 years or older, who contributed 30,414 person-year observations. Event history analysis was used to predict the odds of cognitive impairment by marital status and gender. Relative to their married counterparts, never-married and divorced people were the most disadvantaged in terms of cognitive health. In addition, the association between marital status and cognitive impairment was much stronger for men than for women. Further, gender-stratified analyses showed that, compared with married men, never-married men had a higher risk of cognitive impairment, but there were no significant effects of marital status for women.

Work seniority as a determinant of employment intensity

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Beata Bieszk-Stolorz
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Event History ◽  
Hazard Rates ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Material ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this article is to analyse the intensity of unemployment leaving in relation to the length of an unemployed person’s work seniority. A hypothesis was made that its intensity changes depending of that person’s employment history and on its gender as well as education. The research material consisted of individual data of 21,398 unemployed people registered by the Poviat Labour Office (PUP) in Szczecin in 2012 and observed throughout 2013. The author used the event history analysis, which was conducted in three steps. First, the author assessed the likelihood of remaining unemployed depending on the unemployment period. Secondly, she divided the registered unemployed into groups according to their employment history and determined the relationship between the employment intensity and the span of time when the members of those groups remained registered in PUP. In the third step, she used the average hazard rates to compare the intensities of unemployment leaving in individual groups.

scholarly journals Relationship of maternal negative moods to child emotion regulation during family interaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew A. Dagne ◽  
James Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Maternal Mood ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Mother Child Interaction ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of maternal hostile and depressive moods to children's downregulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was assessed in a community sample of 267 5-year-old boys and girls. The speed of children's downregulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was based on real-time observations during mother–child interaction. The association of downregulation with maternal mood was estimated using Bayesian event history analysis. As mothers reported higher depressive mood, both boys and girls were faster to downregulate anger displays as those displays accumulated during mother child interaction. The speed of boys' downregulation of anger and of sadness/fear was not associated with maternal hostile mood. As mothers reported more hostile mood, girls were faster to downregulate displays of sadness/fear, but the speed of this downregulation slowed as those displays accumulated during ongoing mother–child interaction. These associations of child downregulation and maternal mood were observed after controlling for child adjustment. The data suggest frequent exposure to different negative maternal moods affect children's expression and regulation of emotions in relatively specific ways, conditional on the type of maternal mood, the type of child emotion, and child gender.

Social Support and Suicide Potential: Preliminary Findings for Adolescent Populations

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. D'Attilio ◽  
Brian M. Campbell ◽  
Pierre Lubold ◽  
Tania Jacobson ◽  
Julie A. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Probability Scale ◽  
Suicide Probability Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between both the quantity and perceived quality of social support and suicidal risk was examined in a sample of 50 adolescents whose ages ranged from 16 to 20 years. A multiple regression analysis was performed, using scores from Cull and Gill's 1983 Suicide Probability Scale as the criterion measure along with the predictor variables of quantity and quality of experienced social support as measured by the 1983 Social Support Questionnaire of Sarason, Levine, Basham, and Sarason. Analysis showed the social support variables accounted for over 52% of the variance in suicide potential. The greatest proportion of the variance in suicide risk was attributable to the quality of the perceived social support. Adolescents at greater risk for suicide were significantly less satisfied with the quality of their social support.

scholarly journals The quality of close relationships in adulthood: the role of sociodemographic and environmental factors

TIMS Acta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Nikolina Kuruzović
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Parental Marital Status ◽  
The Relationship

In order to better understand the phenomenon of the quality of different types of close relationships of adults, we have investigated several determinants which define them more clearly. We focused on the relational differences of the respondents according to several sociodemographic (age, gender, employment, marital status and children) and environmental factors (structure and relationships in the family). A total of 400 males and females, ranging from 19 to 51 years, completed a general questionnaire. It collected the data related to sociodemographic and environmental characteristics, as well as the Social Relations Network Inventory (NRI), which assessed the quality of five types of close relationships. The results indicate significant differences between the respondents in the quality of individual close relationships, based on the factors of age, gender, employment, marital status and parenthood, as well as according to the factors of the quality of family relations and parental marital status. The identified differences are particularly pronounced in terms of the quality of the relationship with the mother and the quality of the relationship with the friend, which is explained by the characteristic nature of these relationships, as well as the developmental roles and tasks of the adulthood.

scholarly journals Event History Analysis for Investigating the Likelihood and Timing of Changing Majors

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Sklar
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Event History ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Enrollment Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Students change their majors for various reasons, and academic advisors often assume the role of facilitating that change through institutional agreements or contracts. Therefore, advisors need to identify time periods during enrollment with the greatest likelihood that students will seek to change majors. They must also examine the student characteristics associated with changing majors so that advisors can identify students to avoid delays to graduation. The relationship between student characteristics and the likelihood of changing majors over time was studied through event history analysis techniques applied to enrollment data for a cohort of first-time first-year students.

scholarly journals Gender, Age, Marital Status and Quality of Life in a Sample of HIV Clinic Attendees in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-232
Author(s):  
Friday E. Okwaraji ◽  
◽  
Godwin C. Onyebueke ◽  
Okoli P. Chibuike ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Health Institution ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Quality of life has to do with the extent to which a person sees himself or herself as being healthy, comfortable and has the ability to enjoy or take part in life events. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks immune cells called CD4 cells. When HIV targets and infiltrates these cells, it reduces the body’s ability to combat other diseases. As HIV disease progresses the quality of life of the individual worsens. This study looked at the relationship between age, sex, marital status and Quality of life among 480 HIV/AIDS clinic attendees in a Nigerian tertiary health institution using the WHO-QOL BREF. 31.9%; 34.8% and 33.3% respectively had high, moderate and low quality of life respectively. The relationship between quality of life and gender was significant. Discussion of the result was based on literature reviewed and recommendations to guide policy formulation were proffered.

scholarly journals Family life and Chinese adults’ happiness across the life span

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-534
Author(s):  
Jiashu Xu ◽  
Airan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

An individual's happiness is closely related to their family life as the family is the institution in which they spend most of their life. Capitalizing on data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies, this study investigates the relationship between family economic standing (measured by household income and homeownership) and family processes (measured by marital status and childlessness), as well as children's characteristics (measured by gender composition of children and adult children's educational attainment and marital status), and happiness of Chinese adults. We take a life-course perspective and examine how such relationships vary across different life stages. We find that factors like household income and homeownership are positively related to happiness for people in general; that married adults are happier than those who are unmarried; childlessness results in decreased individual happiness in old age; adult children's educational attainment, measured by college degree (three-year and four-year) and above, improves parents’ happiness; while children's unmarried status makes parents less happy. These significant relationships also change across the life span.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document