scholarly journals The impact of exercise interventions concerning executive functions of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Ru Li ◽  
Stephen H. S. Wong ◽  
Raymond K. W. Sum ◽  
Cindy H. P. Sit
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Previous studies found that exercise interventions have positive effects on executive functions of the general population. However, studies seldom target executive functions of children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to synthesise empirical studies regarding the effects of exercise interventions on executive functions of children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods A systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted in March 2020 through six electronic databases: CINAHL Complete, Eric, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, and Web of Science. Randomised controlled trials/quasi-experimental designs that applied exercise interventions and assessed executive functions through neurocognitive tasks among children and adolescents with ADHD were included. Altogether, 314 studies were identified, from which 31 full texts were independently assessed by two authors for eligibility. Finally, 21 studies underwent systematic reviews and 15 were selected for meta-analysis. Data extraction procedures and risk of bias analysis were conducted by two independent authors using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results The findings indicated that exercise interventions improved overall executive functions of children and adolescents with ADHD (SMD = 0.611, 95% CI [0.386 to 0.836], p < 0.01). Exercise interventions had a moderate-to-large positive effect on inhibitory control (g = 0.761, 95% CI [0.376 to 1.146], p < 0.01) and cognitive flexibility (g = 0.780, 95% CI [0.331 to 1.228], p < 0.001). Likewise, during the subgroup analysis, intervention intensity and sessions of exercise (acute vs chronic) significantly moderated exercise intervention rather than intervention type. Conclusions Chronic sessions of exercise interventions with moderate intensity should be incorporated as treatment for children with ADHD to promote executive functions.

scholarly journals Interrelationship between Sleep and Exercise: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Dolezal ◽  
Eric V. Neufeld ◽  
David M. Boland ◽  
Jennifer L. Martin ◽  
Christopher B. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although a substantial body of literature has explored the relationship between sleep and exercise, comprehensive reviews and definitive conclusions about the impact of exercise interventions on sleep are lacking. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2013 and March 2017. Studies were included if they possessed either objective or subjective measures of sleep and an exercise intervention that followed the guidelines recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine. Thirty-four studies met these inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine studies concluded that exercise improved sleep quality or duration; however, four found no difference and one reported a negative impact of exercise on sleep. Study results varied most significantly due to participants’ age, health status, and the mode and intensity of exercise intervention. Mixed findings were reported for children, adolescents, and young adults. Interventions conducted with middle-aged and elderly adults reported more robust results. In these cases, exercise promoted increased sleep efficiency and duration regardless of the mode and intensity of activity, especially in populations suffering from disease. Our review suggests that sleep and exercise exert substantial positive effects on one another; however, to reach a true consensus, the mechanisms behind these observations must first be elucidated.

scholarly journals Exercise and adiposity in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomised trials

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031220 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A Kelley ◽  
Kristi S Kelley ◽  
Russell R Pate
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Intervention Trials

ObjectivesDetermine both the effects and hierarchy of effectiveness for exercise interventions (aerobic, strength training or both) on selected measures of adiposity (body mass index (BMI) in kg/m2, fat mass and per cent body fat) in overweight and obese children and adolescents.DesignNetwork meta-analysis of randomised exercise intervention trials.SettingAny setting where a randomised trial could be conducted.ParticipantsOverweight and obese male and/or female children and adolescents 2–18 years of age.InterventionsRandomised exercise intervention trials>4 weeks, published between 1 January 1973 and 22 August 2018, and which included direct and/or indirect evidence for aerobic, strength training or combined aerobic and strength training.Primary outcomesChanges in BMI in kg/m2, fat mass and per cent body fat.ResultsFifty-seven studies representing 127 groups (73 exercise, 54 control) and 2792 participants (1667 exercise, 1125 control) met the criteria for inclusion. Length of training (X- ± SD) averaged 14.1±6.2 weeks, frequency, 3.3±1.1 days per week and duration 42.0±21.0 min per session. Significant and clinically important reductions in BMI, fat mass and per cent body fat were observed in aerobic versus control comparisons (BMI, mean, 95% CI -1.0, 1.4 to −0.6; fat mass -2.1, –3.3 to −1.0 kg; per cent fat -1.5, –2.2 to −0.9%) and combined aerobic and strength versus control comparisons (BMI -0.7, –1.4 to −0.1; fat mass -2.5, –4.1 to −1.0 kg; per cent fat, -2.2, –3.2 to −1.2%). A significant reduction in per cent fat was also found for strength vs control comparisons (-1.3,–2.5 to −0.1%). Combined aerobic and strength training was ranked first for improving both fat mass (kg) and per cent body fat while aerobic exercise was ranked first for improving BMI.ConclusionsAerobic and combined aerobic and strength training are associated with improvements in adiposity outcomes in overweight and obese children and adolescents.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017073103.

scholarly journals Exercise as an Alternative Approach for Treating Smartphone Addiction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Random Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Liu ◽  
Tao Xiao ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects

Background: With the emergence of electronic products, smartphones have become an indispensable tool in our daily life. On the other hand, smartphone addiction has become a public health issue. To help reduce smartphone addiction, cost-effective interventions such as exercise are encouraged. Purpose: We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating existing literature on the rehabilitative effects of exercise interventions for individuals with a smartphone addiction. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang from inception to September 2019. Nine eligible randomized controlled trials (RCT) were finally included for meta-analysis (SMD represents the magnitude of effect of exercise) and their methodological quality were assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: We found significant positive effects of exercise interventions (Taichi, basketball, badminton, dance, run, and bicycle) on reducing the total score (SMD = −1.30, 95% CI −1.53 to −1.07, p < 0.005, I2 = 62%) of smartphone addiction level and its four subscales (withdrawal symptom: SMD = −1.40, 95% CI −1.73 to −1.07, p < 0.001, I2 = 81%; highlight behavior: SMD = −1.95, 95% CI −2.99 to −1.66, p < 0.001, I2 = 79%; social comfort: SMD = −0.99, 95% CI −1.18 to −0.81, p = 0.27, I2 = 21%; mood change: SMD = −0.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.69, p = 0.25, I2 = 25%). Furthermore, we found that individuals with severe addiction level (SMD = −1.19, I2 = 0%, 95%CI:−1.19 to −0.98) benefited more from exercise engagement, as compared to those with mild to moderate addiction levels (SMD = − 0.98, I2 = 50%, 95%CI:−1.31 to −0.66); individuals with smartphone addiction who participated in exercise programs of 12 weeks and above showed significantly greater reduction on the total score (SMD = −1.70, I2 = 31.2%, 95% CI −2.04 to −1.36, p = 0.03), as compared to those who participated in less than 12 weeks of exercise intervention (SMD = −1.18, I2 = 0%, 95% CI−1.35 to −1.02, p < 0.00001). In addition, individuals with smartphone addiction who participated in exercise of closed motor skills showed significantly greater reduction on the total score (SMD = −1.22, I2 = 0 %, 95% CI −1.41 to −1.02, p = 0.56), as compared to those who participated in exercise of open motor skills (SMD = −1.17, I2 = 44%, 95% CI−1.47 to −0.0.87, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Exercise interventions may have positive effects on treating smartphone addiction and longer intervention durations may produce greater intervention effects.

Effects of chronic exercise interventions on executive function among children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (22) ◽  
pp. 1397-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Xue ◽  
Yanxiang Yang ◽  
Tao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Session Length ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Exercise Interventions

ObjectiveTo synthesise randomised controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effects of chronic exercise interventions on different domain-specific executive functions (EFs) among children and adolescents.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesPsycINFO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Premier, Embase and Web of Science were searched.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRCTs or cluster RCT design, which employ chronic exercise interventions and target healthy children (age 6–12 years) and adolescents (age 13–17 years). We defined chronic exercise as physical activity (PA) which consists of multiple exercise sessions per week and lasts for an extended period of time (typically over 6 weeks).ResultsWe included 19 studies, with a total of 5038 participants. The results showed that chronic exercise interventions improved overall EFs (standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.20, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.30, p<0.05) and inhibitory control (SMD=0.26, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.45, P<0.05). In meta regression, higher body mass index was associated with greater improvements in overall EFs performance (β=0.03, 95% CI 0.0002 to 0.06, p<0.05), whereas age and exercise duration were not. In subgroup analysis by intervention modality, sports and PA programme (SMD=0.21, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.31, p<0.05) and curricular PA (SMD=0.39, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.69, p<0.05) improved overall EFs performance, but integrated PA did not (SMD=0.02, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.09, p>0.05). Interventions with a session length < 90 minutes improved overall EFs performance (SMD=0.24, 95%CI 0.10 to 0.39, p=0.02), but session length ≥ 90 minutes did not (SMD=0.05, 95%CI -0.03 to 0.14). No other moderator was found to have an effect.ConclusionsDespite small effect sizes, chronic exercise interventions, implemented in curricular or sports and PA programme settings, might be a promising way to promote multiple aspects of executive functions, especially inhibitory control.

scholarly journals Physiotherapy Regimens in Esophagectomy and Gastrectomy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina H. Tukanova ◽  
Swathikan Chidambaram ◽  
Nadia Guidozzi ◽  
George B. Hanna ◽  
Alison H. McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Postoperative Morbidity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Esophageal and gastric cancer surgery are associated with considerable morbidity, specifically postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), potentially accentuated by underlying challenges with malnutrition and cachexia affecting respiratory muscle mass. Physiotherapy regimens aim to increase the respiratory muscle strength and may prevent postoperative morbidity. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of physiotherapy regimens in patients treated with esophagectomy or gastrectomy. Methods An electronic database search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL and Pedro databases. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of physiotherapy on the functional capacity, incidence of PPCs and postoperative morbidity, in-hospital mortality rate, length of hospital stay (LOS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and seven cohort studies assessing prehabilitation totaling 960 patients, and five RCTs and five cohort studies assessing peri- or postoperative physiotherapy with 703 total patients, were included. Prehabilitation resulted in a lower incidence of postoperative pneumonia and morbidity (Clavien–Dindo score ≥ II). No difference was observed in functional exercise capacity and in-hospital mortality following prehabilitation. Meanwhile, peri- or postoperative rehabilitation resulted in a lower incidence of pneumonia, shorter LOS, and better HRQoL scores for dyspnea and physical functioning, while no differences were found for the QoL summary score, global health status, fatigue, and pain scores. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that implementing an exercise intervention may be beneficial in both the preoperative and peri- or postoperative periods. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism through which exercise interventions improve clinical outcomes and which patient subgroup will gain the maximal benefit.

P-OGC46 Physiotherapy Regimens in Esophagectomy and Gastrectomy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Tukanova ◽  
Swathikan Chidambaram ◽  
Nadia Guidozzi ◽  
George Hanna ◽  
Alison McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Postoperative Morbidity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Esophageal and gastric cancer surgery are associated with considerable morbidity, specifically postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC), potentially accentuated by underlying challenges with malnutrition and cachexia affecting respiratory muscle mass. Physiotherapy regimens aim to increase the respiratory muscle strength and may prevent postoperative morbidity. This meta-analysis aims to assess the impact of physiotherapy regimens following esophagectomy or gastrectomy. Methods An electronic database search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL and Pedro databases. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of physiotherapy on the functional capacity, incidence of PPC and postoperative morbidity, in-hospital mortality rate, the Length of Hospital Stay (LOS) and the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Results Seven RCTs and 7 cohort studies assessing prehabilitation totalling 960 patients, and 5 RCTs and 5 cohort studies assessing peri- or postoperative physiotherapy with 703 total patients, were included. Prehabilitation resulted in a lower incidence of postoperative pneumonia and morbidity (Clavien-Dindo score &gt;II). No difference was observed in functional exercise capacity, and in-hospital mortality following prehabilitation. Meanwhile, peri- or postoperative rehabilitation resulted in a lower incidence of pneumonia, a shorter LOS and better HRQoL scores for dyspnea and physical functioning, while no differences were found for the QoL summary score, global health status, fatigue and pain scores. Conclusions Our meta-analysis shows that implementing an exercise intervention may be beneficial in both the preoperative and peri- or postoperative period. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism through which exercise interventions improve clinical outcomes and which subgroup of patients will gain the most benefit.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Intervention on Quality of Life in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541989559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Zhi ◽  
Man Xie ◽  
Yingchun Zeng ◽  
Jun-e Liu ◽  
Andy S. K. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects

Background: Cancer and its treatment significantly impact the quality of life (QOL) of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients. This meta-analysis examined the effects of exercise interventions on the generic and cancer-specific QOL of AYA cancer patients and survivors. Methods: Four databases were searched from January 2010 to September 2019. RevMan 5.3 was used to synthesize the effects of exercise intervention on the QOL of AYA cancer patients and survivors. Results: A total of 11 eligible studies have been included in this paper. Direct outcome comparisons found that pooled overall effects on generic QOL were in favor of exercise interventions, but only with marginal significance (Z= 1.96, P = 0.05). When performing the subscale analysis of the generic QOL, three trials assessed the effects of exercise interventions on the emotional domain of QOL, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) for the overall intervention effect was 3.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42 to 6.51). Additionally, exercise interventions increased the minutes of physical activity per week undertaken by AYA cancer patients and survivors (Z= 2.88, P = 0.004). Conclusion: Exercise interventions had positive effects on generic QOL and increased the minutes of physical activity per week undertaken by AYA cancer patients and survivors. In addition, exercise intervention programs appear to be safe, as there were no studies that reported adverse events. Future research, with rigorous methodological standards and larger sample sizes, should be designed to confirm the positive effects of exercise interventions on the QOL of AYA cancer patients and survivors.

scholarly journals Remote interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïd Ibeggazene ◽  
Rebecca Turner ◽  
Derek Rosario ◽  
Liam Bourke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Exercise Behaviour ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intervention Adherence ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Exercise Guidelines

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many cancer services to consider a transition to a remote format of delivery that is largely untested. Accordingly, we sought to perform a systematic review of the effects of remotely delivered interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary adults living with and beyond cancer. Methods Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials comparing a remotely delivered exercise intervention to a usual care comparison in sedentary people over 18 years old with a primary cancer diagnosis. Nine electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2020. Results The review included three trials, totalling 186 participants. Two of the included trials incorporated prescriptions that meet current aerobic exercise recommendations, one of which also meets the guidelines for resistance exercise. No trials reported an intervention adherence of 75% or more for a set prescription that meets current exercise guidelines. Conclusion There is little evidence suggesting that remote exercise interventions promote exercise behaviours or improve physical function in sedentary adults living with and beyond cancer. The development and evaluation of novel remote exercise interventions is needed to establish their usefulness for clinical practice. Given the social response to the COVID-19 pandemic, further research in this area is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Interventions on Weight, Body Mass Index, Lean Body Mass and Accumulated Visceral Fat in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2635
Author(s):  
Hyun Suk Lee ◽  
Junga Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled

(1) Background: Exercise interventions for overweight and obese individuals help reduce accumulated visceral fat, which is an indicator of cardiometabolic risk, but the effectiveness of these interventions is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in overweight and obese individuals in order to reduce weight, body mass index (BMI), and accumulated visceral fat, and increase lean body mass. (2) Methods: Databases were used to select eligible studies for this meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials with control and experimental groups were included. The degrees of effectiveness of the exercise interventions were computed to assess the benefits on reducing weight, BMI, and accumulated visceral fat, and increasing lean body mass. (3) Results: Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Participation in exercise interventions reduced weight (d = −0.58 (95% confidence interval (CI), −0.84–−0.31; p < 0.001; k = 9)), BMI (d = −0.50 (95% CI, −0.78–−0.21; p < 0.001; k = 7)), and accumulated visceral fat (d = −1.08 (95% CI, −1.60–−0.57; p < 0.001; k = 5)), but did not significantly increase lean body mass (d = 0.26 (95% CI, −0.11–0.63; p = 0.17; k = 6)). The average exercise intervention for overweight and obese individuals was of moderate to vigorous intensity, 4 times per week, 50 min per session, and 22 weeks duration. (4) Conclusions: Participating in exercise interventions has favorable effects on weight, BMI, and accumulated visceral fat. Further studies considering different modalities, intensities, durations, and measurements of fatness need to be conducted.

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