scholarly journals Exercise and adiposity in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomised trials

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e031220 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A Kelley ◽  
Kristi S Kelley ◽  
Russell R Pate
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Intervention Trials

ObjectivesDetermine both the effects and hierarchy of effectiveness for exercise interventions (aerobic, strength training or both) on selected measures of adiposity (body mass index (BMI) in kg/m2, fat mass and per cent body fat) in overweight and obese children and adolescents.DesignNetwork meta-analysis of randomised exercise intervention trials.SettingAny setting where a randomised trial could be conducted.ParticipantsOverweight and obese male and/or female children and adolescents 2–18 years of age.InterventionsRandomised exercise intervention trials>4 weeks, published between 1 January 1973 and 22 August 2018, and which included direct and/or indirect evidence for aerobic, strength training or combined aerobic and strength training.Primary outcomesChanges in BMI in kg/m2, fat mass and per cent body fat.ResultsFifty-seven studies representing 127 groups (73 exercise, 54 control) and 2792 participants (1667 exercise, 1125 control) met the criteria for inclusion. Length of training (X- ± SD) averaged 14.1±6.2 weeks, frequency, 3.3±1.1 days per week and duration 42.0±21.0 min per session. Significant and clinically important reductions in BMI, fat mass and per cent body fat were observed in aerobic versus control comparisons (BMI, mean, 95% CI -1.0, 1.4 to −0.6; fat mass -2.1, –3.3 to −1.0 kg; per cent fat -1.5, –2.2 to −0.9%) and combined aerobic and strength versus control comparisons (BMI -0.7, –1.4 to −0.1; fat mass -2.5, –4.1 to −1.0 kg; per cent fat, -2.2, –3.2 to −1.2%). A significant reduction in per cent fat was also found for strength vs control comparisons (-1.3,–2.5 to −0.1%). Combined aerobic and strength training was ranked first for improving both fat mass (kg) and per cent body fat while aerobic exercise was ranked first for improving BMI.ConclusionsAerobic and combined aerobic and strength training are associated with improvements in adiposity outcomes in overweight and obese children and adolescents.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017073103.

scholarly journals Exercise and BMI in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Trial Sequential Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Kelley ◽  
Kristi S. Kelley ◽  
Russell R. Pate
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Type 1 Error ◽  
Intervention Trials

Objective. Determine the effects of exercise on body mass index (BMI in kg·m−2) among overweight and obese children and adolescents.Methods. Trial sequential meta-analysis of randomized controlled exercise intervention trials ≥ 4 weeks and published up to November 11, 2014.Results. Of the 5,436 citations screened, 20 studies representing 971 boys and girls were included. Average length, frequency, and duration of training were 13 weeks, 3 times per week, for 46 minutes per session. Overall, random-effects models showed that exercise decreased BMI by 3.6% (mean: −1.08; 95% CI: −0.52 to −1.64;Q=231.4;p<0.001;I2=90.9%; 95% CI: 87.6% to 93.4%;D2=91.5%). Trial sequential meta-analysis showed that changes in BMI crossed the monitoring boundary for a type 1 error in 2010, remaining stable thereafter. The number needed to treat was 5 while the percentile improvement was 26.9. It was estimated that approximately 2.5 million overweight and obese children in the US and 22.0 million overweight and obese children worldwide could reduce their BMI by participating in a regular exercise program. Overall quality of evidence was rated as moderate.Conclusions. Exercise is associated with improvements in BMI among overweight and obese children and adolescents. This trial is registered with PROSPERO Trial Registration #CRD42015017586.

scholarly journals Uric acid is associated with adiposity factors, especially with fat mass reduction during weight loss in obese children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Niu ◽  
Xue-lin Zhao ◽  
Hui-juan Ruan ◽  
Xiao-meng Mao ◽  
Qing-ya Tang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Current adult studies suggest that uric acid (UA) is associated with body fat, but the relationship in obese children is unclear. Thus, we aim to evaluate the association between uric acid and body composition of obese children. Methods A total of 79 obese children were included in this study, and 52 children (34 boys and 18 girls) underwent a 6-week weight loss camp, including 34 boys and 18 girls. Six-week weight-loss interventions were performed on all participants through aerobic exercise and appropriate dietary control. Laboratory tests and body composition were collected before and after the intervention. Results Before the intervention, correlation analysis demonstrated that uric acid was positively correlated with height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass (FM), and free fat mass (FFM) with adjusting for age and gender (P < 0.05). After 6 weeks of intervention, the participants gained 3.12 ± 0.85 cm in height, body fat percentage decreased by 7.23 ± 1.97%, and lost 10.30 ± 2.83 kg in weight. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that uric acid at baseline was associated with FM reduction during weight loss (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study is the first report that uric acid is associated with BMI and FM, and may play an important role in the reduction of FM during weight loss in obese children and adolescents. The interaction between UA and adiposity factors and its underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. Trial registration This study was registered in Clinical Trials.gov (NCT03490448) and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise Improves Heart-Rate Variability in Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Santos Villafaina ◽  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García ◽  
Juan Luis Leon-Llamas ◽  
Daniel Collado-Mateo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Background: Childhood obesity has negative impact on heart-rate variability (HRV) and, thereby, on the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents. Thus, physical-exercise interventions were proposed to increase HRV. The present systematic review aims to provide an up-to-date analysis of research on the effect of physical-exercise interventions on HRV in obese children and adolescents. Methods: An electronic search of the literature was performed, and 10 articles were included. PRISMA guideline methodology was employed. Results: Physical-exercise interventions predominantly involved aerobic training; however, alternative training programs, including judo or recreational soccer, were found. The duration of intervention ranged from 6 to 24 weeks, with a training frequency of between 2 and 7 times per week. The duration of sessions typically ranged from 40 to 60 min. Conclusions: Results of the included articles indicated that physical-exercise intervention increased the HRV and thereby the autonomic modulation of obese children and adolescents. This is significant, as HRV is associated with cardiovascular health. Such physical-exercise interventions are crucial to reduce weight and improve cardiovascular health in children and adolescents, thereby achieving a sustainable future.

scholarly journals Exercise and adiposity in overweight and obese children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e019512 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A Kelley ◽  
Kristi S Kelley ◽  
Russell R Pate
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Evaluation Instrument ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Exercise Interventions

IntroductionOverweight and obesity is a worldwide public health problem among children and adolescents. However, the magnitude of effect, as well as hierarchy of exercise interventions (aerobic, strength training or both), on selected measures of adiposity is not well established despite numerous trials on this issue. The primary purposes of this study are to use the network meta-analytical approach to determine the effects and hierarchy of exercise interventions on selected measures of adiposity in overweight and obese children and adolescents.Methods and analysisRandomised exercise intervention trials >4 weeks, available in any language up to 31 August 2017 and which include direct and/or indirect evidence, will be included. Studies will be located by searching seven electronic databases, cross-referencing and expert review. Dual selection and abstraction of data will occur. The primary outcomes will be changes in body mass index (in kg/m2), fat mass and percent body fat. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment instrument while confidence in the cumulative evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation instrument for network meta-analysis. Network meta-analysis will be performed using multivariate random-effects meta-regression models. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve will be used to provide a hierarchy of exercise treatments (aerobic, strength or both).Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethics approval. Findings will be presented at a professional conference and published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017073103.

scholarly journals Association of Changes in Oxidative and Proinflammatory States with Changes in Vascular Function after a Lifestyle Modification Trial Among Obese Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi ◽  
Noushin Mohammadifard ◽  
Sedigheh Asgary ◽  
Noushin Khavarian
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Diet And Exercise Intervention ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background: The association of changes in oxidative and proinflammatory states with vascular function after diet and exercise intervention among obese children has not been previously explored. Methods: In this 6-week diet and exercise intervention study in 35 obese children, age 12 to 18 years, we evaluated the relationship between changes in anthropometric indices, measures of insulin resistance, C-reactive protein (CRP), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), and oxidative stress markers with changes in carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) and flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Results: At the end of the study, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and percentage body fat were decreased (P &lt;0.05), but participants remained overweight (BMI ≥ 95th percentile). Although FMD improved (P &lt;0.05), the improvement in C-IMT did not reach statistical significance. The changes in BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, ox-LDL, malondialdehyde (MDA), CRP, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) had an inverse correlation with the changes in mean FMD after adjustment for age and sex, with the highest correlations documented for ox-LDL, CRP, and WC. The age- and sex-adjusted changes in ox-LDL, waist circumference, CRP, MDA, and body fat mass had the highest correlations with changes in C-IMT. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a common inflammatory stress condition associated with childhood obesity, notably with abdominal fat deposition, may play a role in the development of the earliest stages of proatherosclerotic inflammatory processes and subsequent vascular dysfunction. These changes might be partially reversible by short-term diet and exercise intervention, even if patients do not reach ideal body weight.

scholarly journals The impact of exercise interventions concerning executive functions of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Ru Li ◽  
Stephen H. S. Wong ◽  
Raymond K. W. Sum ◽  
Cindy H. P. Sit
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Previous studies found that exercise interventions have positive effects on executive functions of the general population. However, studies seldom target executive functions of children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to synthesise empirical studies regarding the effects of exercise interventions on executive functions of children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods A systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted in March 2020 through six electronic databases: CINAHL Complete, Eric, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, and Web of Science. Randomised controlled trials/quasi-experimental designs that applied exercise interventions and assessed executive functions through neurocognitive tasks among children and adolescents with ADHD were included. Altogether, 314 studies were identified, from which 31 full texts were independently assessed by two authors for eligibility. Finally, 21 studies underwent systematic reviews and 15 were selected for meta-analysis. Data extraction procedures and risk of bias analysis were conducted by two independent authors using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results The findings indicated that exercise interventions improved overall executive functions of children and adolescents with ADHD (SMD = 0.611, 95% CI [0.386 to 0.836], p < 0.01). Exercise interventions had a moderate-to-large positive effect on inhibitory control (g = 0.761, 95% CI [0.376 to 1.146], p < 0.01) and cognitive flexibility (g = 0.780, 95% CI [0.331 to 1.228], p < 0.001). Likewise, during the subgroup analysis, intervention intensity and sessions of exercise (acute vs chronic) significantly moderated exercise intervention rather than intervention type. Conclusions Chronic sessions of exercise interventions with moderate intensity should be incorporated as treatment for children with ADHD to promote executive functions.

scholarly journals BMI or BIA: Is Body Mass Index or Body Fat Mass a Better Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents?

Obesity Facts ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bohn ◽  
Manfred James Müller ◽  
Gunter Simic-Schleicher ◽  
Wieland Kiess ◽  
Wolfgang Siegfried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Obese Children

scholarly journals Remote interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary people living with and beyond cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïd Ibeggazene ◽  
Rebecca Turner ◽  
Derek Rosario ◽  
Liam Bourke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Exercise Behaviour ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intervention Adherence ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Exercise Guidelines

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many cancer services to consider a transition to a remote format of delivery that is largely untested. Accordingly, we sought to perform a systematic review of the effects of remotely delivered interventions to improve exercise behaviour in sedentary adults living with and beyond cancer. Methods Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials comparing a remotely delivered exercise intervention to a usual care comparison in sedentary people over 18 years old with a primary cancer diagnosis. Nine electronic databases were searched from inception to November 2020. Results The review included three trials, totalling 186 participants. Two of the included trials incorporated prescriptions that meet current aerobic exercise recommendations, one of which also meets the guidelines for resistance exercise. No trials reported an intervention adherence of 75% or more for a set prescription that meets current exercise guidelines. Conclusion There is little evidence suggesting that remote exercise interventions promote exercise behaviours or improve physical function in sedentary adults living with and beyond cancer. The development and evaluation of novel remote exercise interventions is needed to establish their usefulness for clinical practice. Given the social response to the COVID-19 pandemic, further research in this area is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Interventions on Weight, Body Mass Index, Lean Body Mass and Accumulated Visceral Fat in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2635
Author(s):  
Hyun Suk Lee ◽  
Junga Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled

(1) Background: Exercise interventions for overweight and obese individuals help reduce accumulated visceral fat, which is an indicator of cardiometabolic risk, but the effectiveness of these interventions is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in overweight and obese individuals in order to reduce weight, body mass index (BMI), and accumulated visceral fat, and increase lean body mass. (2) Methods: Databases were used to select eligible studies for this meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials with control and experimental groups were included. The degrees of effectiveness of the exercise interventions were computed to assess the benefits on reducing weight, BMI, and accumulated visceral fat, and increasing lean body mass. (3) Results: Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Participation in exercise interventions reduced weight (d = −0.58 (95% confidence interval (CI), −0.84–−0.31; p < 0.001; k = 9)), BMI (d = −0.50 (95% CI, −0.78–−0.21; p < 0.001; k = 7)), and accumulated visceral fat (d = −1.08 (95% CI, −1.60–−0.57; p < 0.001; k = 5)), but did not significantly increase lean body mass (d = 0.26 (95% CI, −0.11–0.63; p = 0.17; k = 6)). The average exercise intervention for overweight and obese individuals was of moderate to vigorous intensity, 4 times per week, 50 min per session, and 22 weeks duration. (4) Conclusions: Participating in exercise interventions has favorable effects on weight, BMI, and accumulated visceral fat. Further studies considering different modalities, intensities, durations, and measurements of fatness need to be conducted.

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