scholarly journals Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of human bocavirus infection in infants and young children suffering with community acquired pneumonia in Ningxia, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Ji ◽  
Jinhan Sun ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Jianhui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Related Information ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Incidence Rate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract Background Pneumonia has a high incidence rate and is a major cause of mortality in children, mostly community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Human bocavirus (HBoV), since it first identified in 2005, has been repeatedly associated with respiratory tract infections. Nevertheless, the role and related information of HBoV as a pathogen of CAP has not been fulfilled. Here our study is to assess the epidemiological and clinical features in HBoV-positive children with CAP. Methods A total of 878 secretions of lower respiratory samples were obtained, multiplex PCR was used to detect HBoV and other respiratory viruses. Results Of all cases, HBoV was detected in 10.0%, with a peak incidence of infection among children < 2 year old, and predominantly noted in autumn and winter. Only 8 patients were HBoV single infection. Co-infection with other respiratory viruses was observed in 86.4%. Moreover, co-infection with bacteria occurred in 27.3% and with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in 33.0% of HBoV-positive patients. Among all HBoV-positive samples co-infected with bacteria, 87.5% are gram negative bacteria. Compared with HBoV-negative group, age (P = 0.048), wheezing (P = 0.015), tachypnea (P = 0.016), lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.026) and severe pneumonia (P = 0.023) were statistically significant in HBoV-positive patients. Furthermore, HBoV-positive patients less than 1 year old were more likely to have co-infection with bacteria (P = 0.007). Conclusions HBoV can be detected alone in respiratory samples of children with CAP, maybe it is one of the causes of CAP in infants. The high incidence of severe pneumonia was found in HBoV-positive patients compared with HBoV-negative cases may indicate a relationship between severe pneumonia and HBoV.

Respiratory tract damage with bocavirus infection in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
E. V. Sharipova ◽  
I. V. Babachenko ◽  
M. A. Shcherbatyh
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Damage

Long time the main pathogens associated with the development of community-acquired pneumonia were bacteria. However, in recent years in the Russian Federation, like all over the world, the view of the damage of lower respiratory tract changed, including a unique approach to community-acquired pneumonia as a bacterial infection, and respiratory viruses have become seen as a direct cause of lower respiratory tract damage, or as part of a viral-bacterial co-infection. These studies became possible since the widespread introduction of PCR techniques in the clinical setting, identification of respiratory viruses has increased and new microorganisms such, one as human bocavirus have been discovered. Objective: to study the features of respiratory tract damage in acute bocavirus infection in children of different ages. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 97 medical hospital documentation of children with acute bocavirus infection, detected confirmed by PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirate. Results: In this work, it was shown that human bocavirus spread throughout the year with an increase in the incidence of clinically significant forms in the autumnwinter period, including during the period of an increase in the incidence of influenza. HBoV infection requiring hospitals is most significant in the first three years of life. In 74.2% of hospitalized children, bocavirus infection occurs with lower respiratory tract infections in the form of bronchitis — 77.8%, pneumonia — 28.9% and rarely bronchiolitis and is complicated by the development of respiratory failure in 28.9% of cases. Changes in the blood test are non-specific, and the level of C-reactive protein in children with various clinical manifestations of HBoV infection generally does not exceed 50 mg / l. An x-ray of the chest organs does not objectively reflect the existing volume and nature of the inflammatory process in the lungs.

scholarly journals Do pollution and climate influence respiratory tract infections in children?

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Duarte Passos ◽  
Rosa Estela Gazeta ◽  
Ana Paula Felgueiras ◽  
Patrícia Costa Beneli ◽  
Micheline de S. Z. S. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

To review if pollution and climate changes can influence respiratory tract infections in children. Data source: articles published on the subject in PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, EBSCO and UpTodate were reviewed. The following inclusion criteria were considered: scientific papers between 2002 and 2012, study design, the pediatric population, reference documents such as the CETESB and World Health Organization Summary of the data: We analyzed research that correlated respiratory viruses and climate and/or pollution changes. Respiratory syncytial virus has been the virus related most to changes in climate and humidity. Other "old and new" respiratory viruses such as Human Bocavirus, Metapneumovirus, Parechovirus and Parainfuenza would need to be investigated owing to their clinical importance. Although much has been studied with regard to the relationship between climate change and public health, specific studies about its influence on children's health remain scarce.

scholarly journals Viral and Atypical Bacterial Detection in Young Nepalese Children Hospitalized with Severe Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mathisen ◽  
Sudha Basnet ◽  
Andreas Christensen ◽  
Arun K. Sharma ◽  
Garth Tylden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Bacterial Detection ◽  
Nepalese Children ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory viruses are an important cause of respiratory tract infections in children but are underrecognized as a cause of pneumonia hospitalization in low-income settings. Previously, we detected at least one of seven respiratory viruses by PCR in 30% of young Nepalese children hospitalized with severe pneumonia over a period of 36 months.

scholarly journals Serodiagnosis of Human Bocavirus 1 Infection among Hospitalised Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Latvia

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
Inga Ziemele ◽  
Man Xu ◽  
Anda Vilmane ◽  
Santa Rasa-Dzelzkalēja ◽  
Klaus Hedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Since its discovery in 2005, human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) has globally been one of the most common respiratory viruses. It is currently accepted that HBoV1 is a pathogen, causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children. However, due to the prolonged HBoV1 DNA shedding from the upper airways and the subsequent high rate of co-detections with other respiratory viruses, the interpretation of positive polymerase chain reaction results is challenging. The aim of this study was to identify acute HBoV1 infections by the presence of HBoV1-specific IgM and IgG measured by competition enzyme immunoassay, to elucidate the induction of Th1/Th2 cytokines, and to describe the clinical characteristics associated with acute HBoV1 infection in hospitalised children less than five years of age with LRTI. HBoV1 IgM was detected in 19/102 (18.6%) and IgG in 66/102 (64.7%) patients. HBoV1 IgM was most frequently found in patients aged 13 to 24 months. Pneumonia and acute wheezing were the most common clinical diagnoses among HBoV1 IgM positive patients. The seroprevalence of HBoV1-specific IgG increased with age, reaching 85% by the age of five years. INF-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were observed to be higher in patients with acute HBoV1 infection.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile and Clinical Associations of Human Bocavirus and Other Human Parvoviruses

2006 ◽  
Vol 194 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Manning ◽  
V. Russell ◽  
K. Eastick ◽  
G. H. Leadbetter ◽  
N. Hallam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract BackgroundHuman bocavirus (HBoV) and PARV4 are newly discovered human parvoviruses. HBoV, which was first detected in respiratory samples, has a potential role in the development of human respiratory disease. The present study compared the frequencies, epidemiological profiles, and clinical backgrounds of HBoV and PARV4 infections with those of other respiratory virus infections, by evaluating diagnostic samples referred to the Specialist Virology Laboratory (SVL) at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (Edinburgh, United Kingdom) MethodsAnonymized samples and study subject information were obtained from the respiratory sample archive of the SVL. Samples were screened for HBoV, PARV4, B19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses, influenza viruses, and parainfluenza viruses by use of nested polymerase chain reaction ResultsHBoV infection was detected in 47 (8.2%) of 574 study subjects,&amp;ranking third in prevalence behind RSV infection (15.7%) and adenovirus infection (10.3%). Peak incidences of HBoV were noted among infants and young children (age, 6–24 months) during the midwinter months (December and January) and were specifically associated with lower respiratory tract infections. HBoV infections were frequently accompanied by other respiratory viruses (frequency, 43%), and they were more prevalent among individuals infected with other respiratory viruses (17%), frequently adenovirus or RSV. All respiratory samples were negative for PARV4 ConclusionsIn the present study, HBoV was a frequently detected, potential respiratory pathogen, with a prevalence and an epidemiological profile comparable to those of RSV. Identification of HBoV infections may be clinically important in the future

scholarly journals Viral pneumonia: etiologies and treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima Dandachi ◽  
Maria C Rodriguez-Barradas
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Tract Infections

Viral pathogens are increasingly recognized as a cause of pneumonia, in immunocompetent patients and more commonly among immunocompromised. Viral pneumonia in adults could present as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), ranging from mild disease to severe disease requiring hospital admission and mechanical ventilation. Moreover, the role of viruses in hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia as causative agents or as co-pathogens and the effect of virus detection on clinical outcome are being investigated.More than 20 viruses have been linked to CAP. Clinical presentation, laboratory findings, biomarkers, and radiographic patterns are not characteristic to specific viral etiology. Currently, laboratory confirmation is most commonly done by detection of viral nucleic acid by reverse transcription-PCR of respiratory secretions.Apart from the US Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for treatment of influenza pneumonia, the treatment of non-influenza respiratory viruses is limited. Moreover, the evidence supporting the use of available antivirals to treat immunocompromised patients is modest at best. With the widespread use of molecular diagnostics, an aging population, and advancement in cancer therapy, physicians will face a bigger challenge in managing viral respiratory tract infections. Emphasis on infection control measures to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses especially in healthcare settings is extremely important.

scholarly journals THE CREATION OF PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR ASSESSING THE SEVERITY OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (71) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Ю. Рогожкина ◽  
Yu. Rogozhkina ◽  
Т. Мищенко ◽  
T. Mischenko ◽  
Л. Малишевский ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Better Than

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of mortality from lower respiratory tract infections and is associated with high incidence and unfavorable prognosis. In this regard, the timely assessment of the severity of CAP at the stage of hospitalization of the patient comes to the first place. The existing scales have a number of limitations, therefore they can’t always be better than the clinical solution. The aim of the research is to search for predictors of severe CAP and combine the most significant ones into a predictive model. There were examined 418 patients with CAP. The severity was determined according to IDSA/ATS criteria. Static analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics. Logistic regression was used to identify and combine in a model the most significant criteria. The criteria were included in the predictive model with odds ratio (OR) >2. Demographic, laboratory, radiological and clinical indicators were analyzed in the course of the retrospective analysis. Significant differences between groups of the severity of pneumonia groups were revealed in 16 predictors. All predictors were included in the predictive model with odds ratios >2. As a result there were selected 7 criteria: age >40 years old, heart rate >93 bpm, the presence of HIV infection, liver disease, lesion >1 lung lobes, C-reactive protein >156 mg/L, creatinine >123 mmol/L. All predictors were combined using logistic regression. The resulting model was examined by ROC analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88. Sensitivity and specificity were 87.5 and 73.5%, respectively. Thus, the article proposes a model for determining the severity of pneumonia (AUC=0.88), which includes the criteria used in the routine practice of pulmonologists in the Russian Federation. Further research is needed to create a scale based on the presented model.

scholarly journals Etiology of diarrheal disease among children under 5 years in Egypt: a high incidence of human bocavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neveen M. Rizk ◽  
Sherif Abd-Elmaksoud ◽  
Tarek M. Farid ◽  
Maha M. A. Abohashish ◽  
Ahmad Z. Al-Herrawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Enteric Protozoa

Abstract Background Human bocavirus (HBoV) is globally distributed and associated with respiratory and enteric infections. Limited data are available about the incidence of HBoV in Egyptian children. We aimed to investigate the association of HBoV genotypes in children with diarrheal disease and also to determine the possibility of HBoV co-infections with other human enteric pathogens. Methods A total of 102 stool samples were collected from children under five years old with diarrhea. Samples were analyzed for the presence of HBoV by real-time PCR. HBoV positive samples were tested for adenovirus (AdV), rotavirus (RoV), parasitic helminths, and enteric protozoa. Results HBoV was detected in 58% of examined cases. HBoV-3 was the most prevalent genotype observed (44%; 45 of 102), followed by HBoV-2/4 (33%; 34 of 102) and HBoV-1 (30%; 31 of 102). Although the incidence of HBoV was higher in males (66.6%; 34 of 51) than females (49%; 25 of 51), the analysis showed no significant difference for HBoV between genders. The average HBoV concentrations were 5.3 × 104 GC/g in males and 1.03 × 105 GC/g in females. Among the HBoV-positive samples, the single infection of HBoV was 52.5% (31/59), while the co-infections with multiple viruses were found in 1.7% (1/59) for HBoV and AdV, 33.9% (20/59) for HBoV and RoV, and 11.9% (7/59) for HBoV, and RoV and AdV. No co-infection with parasitic helminths or enteric protozoa was found. Conclusions The single infection of HBoV in some children suffering from acute gastroenteritis indicated that HBoV could be the main etiologic agent of the disease. The study highlights the high incidence of HBoVs genotypes with remarkable multiple co-infections in the pre-school children in Egypt.

Respiratory viral testing and antibacterial treatment in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Michael Klompas ◽  
Peter B. Imrey ◽  
Pei-Chun Yu ◽  
Chanu Rhee ◽  
Abhishek Deshpande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Utilization ◽  
Viral Testing ◽  
Virus Testing

Abstract Objective: Viruses are more common than bacteria in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. Little is known, however, about the frequency of respiratory viral testing and its associations with antimicrobial utilization. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The study included 179 US hospitals. Patients: Adults admitted with pneumonia between July 2010 and June 2015. Methods: We assessed the frequency of respiratory virus testing and compared antimicrobial utilization, mortality, length of stay, and costs between tested versus untested patients, and between virus-positive versus virus-negative patients. Results: Among 166,273 patients with pneumonia on admission, 40,787 patients (24.5%) were tested for respiratory viruses, 94.8% were tested for influenza, and 20.7% were tested for other viruses. Viral assays were positive in 5,133 of 40,787 tested patients (12.6%), typically for influenza and rhinovirus. Tested patients were younger and had fewer comorbidities than untested patients, but patients with positive viral assays were older and had more comorbidities than those with negative assays. Blood cultures were positive for bacterial pathogens in 2.7% of patients with positive viral assays versus 5.3% of patients with negative viral tests (P < .001). Antibacterial courses were shorter for virus-positive versus -negative patients overall (mean 5.5 vs 6.4 days; P < .001) but varied by bacterial testing: 8.1 versus 8.0 days (P = .60) if bacterial tests were positive; 5.3 versus 6.1 days (P < .001) if bacterial tests were negative; and 3.3 versus 5.2 days (P < .001) if bacterial tests were not obtained (interaction P < .001). Conclusions: A minority of patients hospitalized with pneumonia were tested for respiratory viruses; only a fraction of potential viral pathogens were assayed; and patients with positive viral tests often received long antibacterial courses.

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