scholarly journals Nanoparticles of conformation-stabilized canine distemper virus hemagglutinin are highly immunogenic and induce robust immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjian Dong ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Lili Shi ◽  
Bing Shen ◽  
Xianliang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
H Protein

Abstract Background Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection of ferrets, dogs, and giant pandas causes an acute systemic disease involving multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract, lymphoid system, and central nervous system. In this study, we tested a new candidate CDV vaccine-CDV nanoparticles-based on hemagglutinin protein. Methods The nanoparticles were generated from conformation-stabilized CDV hemagglutinin tetramers. Immune responses against CDV were evaluated in mice. Immunization was initiated 6 weeks after birth and boosted two times with 4-week intervals. The blood and mucosal samples were collected 2 weeks after each immunization. Results Vaccination with CDV nanoparticles elicited high levels of IgG antibody titers in mice (approximately sevenfold to eightfold higher than that obtained with soluble CDV H protein) and mucosal immune responses and developed increased CDV-specific neutralizing antibody. The mice that received nanoparticles showed significantly higher IFN-γ- and IL-4-secreting cell population in the spleen and lymph node compared with mice immunized with soluble H protein. The co-stimulatory molecular expression of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of DCs was also upregulated. Conclusion The results demonstrate that self-assembly into nanoparticles can increase the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens, and nanoparticles assembled from conformation-stabilized CDV H protein can serve as a new CDV vaccine.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles of Conformation-stabilized Canine Distemper Virus Hemagglutinin are Highly Immunogenic and Induce Robust Immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Feng ◽  
Jingjian Dong ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Lili Shi ◽  
Bing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
New Type ◽  
H Protein

Abstract BackgroundCanine distemper virus (CDV) infection of ferrets, dogs, and giant pandas causes an acute systemic disease involving multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract, lymphoid system, and central nervous system. In this study, we tested a new type candidate CDV vaccine–CDV nanoparticles–based on hemagglutinin protein. MethodsThe nanoparticles were generated from conformation-stabilized CDV hemagglutinin tetramers. Immune responses against CDV were evaluated in mice. Immunization was initiated 6 weeks after birth and boosted twice with 4-week intervals. The blood and mucosal samples were collected 2 weeks after each immunization. ResultsVaccination with CDV nanoparticles elicited high levels of IgG antibody titers in mice (approximately seven- to eight fold higher than that obtained with soluble CDV H protein), as well as mucosal immune responses, and developed increased CDV-specific neutralizing antibody. The mice that received nanoparticles showed significantly higher IFN-γ- and IL-4-secreting cell population in the spleen and lymph node compared with mice immunized with soluble H protein. The co-stimulatory molecular expression of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of DCs were also upregulated. ConclusionThe results demonstrate that self-assembly into nanoparticles can increase the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens, and nanoparticles assembled from conformation-stabilized CDV H protein has the potential to serve as a new type CDV vaccine.

scholarly journals A Case of IgG4-Related Kidney Disease Developing While on Steroid Treatment for Autoimmune IgG4 Pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110265
Author(s):  
Jonathan Vincent M. Reyes ◽  
Dawn Maldonado ◽  
Aaron S. Stern ◽  
Maritza Brown
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
Immunoglobulin G4 ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Steroid Sparing

IgG4 (immunoglobulin G4)-related systemic disease is an autoimmune process affecting multiple organ systems. This inflammatory process can present as but not limited to pancreatitis, cholangitis, or unspecified kidney disease. In this case, our patient developed IgG4-related kidney disease while already on a prolonged steroid course for IgG4-related pancreatitis. The patient ultimately had renal recovery after starting a higher dose of prednisone, but also developed steroid-related complications. This case further highlights the relationship between IgG4 diseases now termed IgG4-related systemic disease. This case brings to light the need for further investigative research into ideal steroid dosing, as well as steroid-sparing agents for IgG4-related systemic disease.

scholarly journals Vaccination against Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Infant Ferrets with and without Maternal Antibody Protection, Using Recombinant Attenuated Poxvirus Vaccines

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (14) ◽  
pp. 6358-6367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Welter ◽  
Jill Taylor ◽  
James Tartaglia ◽  
Enzo Paoletti ◽  
Charles B. Stephensen
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Parenteral Immunization ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Rabies Glycoprotein

ABSTRACT Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection of ferrets is clinically and immunologically similar to measles, making this a useful model for the human disease. The model was used to determine if parenteral or mucosal immunization of infant ferrets at 3 and 6 weeks of age with attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC) or canarypox virus (ALVAC) vaccine strains expressing the CDV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes (NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF) would induce serum neutralizing antibody and protect against challenge infection at 12 weeks of age. Ferrets without maternal antibody that were vaccinated parenterally with NYVAC-HF (n = 5) or ALVAC-HF (n = 4) developed significant neutralizing titers (log10 inverse mean titer ± standard deviation of 2.30 ± 0.12 and 2.20 ± 0.34, respectively) by the day of challenge, and all survived with no clinical or virologic evidence of infection. Ferrets without maternal antibody that were vaccinated intranasally (i.n.) developed lower neutralizing titers, with NYVAC-HF producing higher titers at challenge (1.11 ± 0.57 versus 0.40 ± 0.37, P = 0.02) and a better survival rate (6/7 versus 0/5, P = 0.008) than ALVAC-HF. Ferrets with maternal antibody that were vaccinated parenterally with NYVAC-HF (n = 7) and ALVAC-HF (n = 7) developed significantly higher antibody titers (1.64 ± 0.54 and 1.28 ± 0.40, respectively) than did ferrets immunized with an attenuated CDV vaccine (0.46 ± 0.59;n = 7) or the recombinant vectors expressing rabies glycoprotein (RG) (0.19 ± 0.32; n = 8,P = 7 × 10−6). The NYVAC vaccine also protected against weight loss, and both the NYVAC and attenuated CDV vaccines protected against the development of some clinical signs of infection, although survival in each of the three vaccine groups was low (one of seven) and not significantly different from the RG controls (none of eight). Combined i.n.-parenteral immunization of ferrets with maternal antibody using NYVAC-HF (n = 9) produced higher titers (1.63 ± 0.25) than did i.n. immunization with NYVAC-HF (0.88 ± 0.36; n = 9) and ALVAC-HF (0.61 ± 0.43; n = 9, P = 3 × 10−7), and survival was also significantly better in the i.n.-parenteral group (3 of 9) than in the other HF-vaccinated animals (none of 18) or in controls immunized with RG (none of 5) (P = 0.0374). Multiple routes were not tested with the ALVAC vaccine. The results suggest that infant ferrets are less responsive to i.n. vaccination than are older ferrets and raises questions about the appropriateness of this route of immunization in infant ferrets or infants of other species.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the attachment (H) protein gene of current field isolates of canine distemper virus.

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bolt ◽  
P Arctander ◽  
T D Jensen ◽  
M J Appel ◽  
E Gottschalck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
H Protein

scholarly journals Disease Duration Determines Canine Distemper Virus Neurovirulence

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (21) ◽  
pp. 12066-12070 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Bonami ◽  
Penny A. Rudd ◽  
Veronika von Messling
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
H Protein ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACT The Morbillivirus hemagglutinin (H) protein mediates attachment to the target cell. To evaluate its contribution to canine distemper virus neurovirulence, we exchanged the H proteins of the wild-type strains 5804P and A75 and assessed the pathogenesis of the chimeric viruses in ferrets. Both strains are lethal to ferrets; however, 5804P causes a 2-week disease without neurological signs, whereas A75 is associated with a longer disease course and neurological involvement. We observed that both H proteins supported neuroinvasion and the subsequent development of clinical neurological signs if given enough time, demonstrating that disease duration is the main neurovirulence determinant.

scholarly journals Protective Immunity against Canine Distemper Virus in Dogs Induced by Intranasal Immunization with a Recombinant Probiotic Expressing the Viral H Protein

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Yanping Jiang ◽  
Shuo Jia ◽  
Dianzhong Zheng ◽  
Fengsai Li ◽  
Shengwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Protection Efficacy ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
High Level ◽  
H Protein

Canine distemper virus (CDV) elicits a severe contagious disease in a broad range of hosts. CDV mortality rates are 50% in domestic dogs and 100% in ferrets. Its primary infection sites are respiratory and intestinal mucosa. This study aimed to develop an effective mucosal CDV vaccine using a non-antibiotic marked probiotic pPGΔCm-T7g10-EGFP-H/L. casei 393 strain expressing the CDV H protein. Its immunogenicity in BALB/c mice was evaluated using intranasal and oral vaccinations, whereas in dogs the intranasal route was used for vaccination. Our results indicate that this probiotic vaccine can stimulate a high level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA)-based mucosal and IgG-based humoral immune responses in mice. SIgA levels in the nasal lavage and lungs were significantly higher in intranasally vaccinated mice than those in orally vaccinated mice. Both antigen-specific IgG and sIgA antibodies were effectively elicited in dogs through the intranasal route and demonstrated superior immunogenicity. The immune protection efficacy of the probiotic vaccine was evaluated by challenging the immunized dogs with virulent CDV 42 days after primary immunization. Dogs of the pPGΔCm-T7g10-EGFP-H/L. casei 393 group were completely protected against CDV. The proposed probiotic vaccine could be promising for protection against CDV infection in dogs.

scholarly journals Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine enhances antibody responses to variants in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
pp. eabj0847
Author(s):  
Richard A Urbanowicz ◽  
Theocharis Tsoleridis ◽  
Hannah J Jackson ◽  
Lola Cusin ◽  
Joshua D Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays ◽  
Antigenic Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prior Infection

Understanding the impact of prior infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the response to vaccination is a priority for responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, it is necessary to understand how prior infection plus vaccination can modulate immune responses against variants of concern. To address this, we sampled 20 individuals with and 25 individuals without confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection from a large cohort of healthcare workers followed serologically since April 2020. All 45 individuals had received two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech BTN162b2 vaccine with a delayed booster at 10 weeks. Absolute and neutralizing antibody titers against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants were measured using enzyme immunoassays and pseudotype neutralization assays. We observed antibody reactivity against lineage A, B.1.351 and P.1 variants with increasing antigenic exposure, either through vaccination or natural infection. This improvement was further confirmed in neutralization assays using fixed dilutions of serum samples. The impact of antigenic exposure was more evident in enzyme immunoassays measuring SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG antibody concentrations. Our data show that multiple exposures to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the context of a delayed booster expand the neutralizing breadth of the antibody response to neutralization-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants. This suggests that additional vaccine boosts may be beneficial in improving immune responses against future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

scholarly journals Systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic strokes – A novel neurological sign and therapeutic target?

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha R Saand ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Sherry H-Y Chou
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Growing evidences suggest that stroke is a systemic disease affecting many organ systems beyond the brain. Stroke-related systemic inflammatory response and immune dysregulations may play an important role in brain injury, recovery, and stroke outcome. The two main phenomena in stroke-related peripheral immune dysregulations are systemic inflammation and post-stroke immunosuppression. There is emerging evidence suggesting that the spleen contracts following ischemic stroke, activates peripheral immune response and this may further potentiate brain injury. Whether similar brain–immune crosstalk occurs in hemorrhagic strokes such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is not established. In this review, we systematically examined animal and human evidence to date on peripheral immune responses associated with hemorrhagic strokes. Specifically, we reviewed the impact of clinical systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), inflammation- and immune-associated biomarkers, the brain–spleen interaction, and cellular mediators of peripheral immune responses to ICH and SAH including regulatory T cells (Tregs). While there is growing data suggesting that peripheral immune dysregulation following hemorrhagic strokes may be important in brain injury pathogenesis and outcome, details of this brain-immune system cross-talk remain insufficiently understood. This is an important unmet scientific need that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies in this highly morbid condition.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Autoimmune Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zigang Qu ◽  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Baoquan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Review Current

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are featured by body's immune responses being directed towards its own specific target organs or multiple organ systems, causing persistent inflammation and consequent tissue damage. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs in a size of approximately 22 nt that play important regulatory roles in many organisms by cleavage or translational inhibition of targeted mRNAs. Many miRNAs are reported to be differentially expressed in ADs and may play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses and autoimmunity. In this review, current research progress in the miRNAs in ADs was elucidated.

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