Protoplast isolation prior to flow cytometry reveals clear patterns of endoreduplication in potato tubers, related species, and some starchy root crops

In the process of post-harvest processing of root crops and potatoes in Russia, mechanical sortings of various types are used, which allows to separate the material according to the size criterion and removing impurities. The main requirement for this equipment is to ensure the quality and reliability of technological processes for the impurities separation and the root crops separation into fractions with minimal damage. (Research purpose) To improve the quality of potato tubers sorting using an automated line for post-harvest processing of root crops and potatoes, which allows to reduce their damage and ensure high accuracy of separation into fractions by size. (Materials and methods) The authors studied the automated process of root crops post-harvest processing. They developed approaches and basic technical, technological and constructive solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of root crops and potatoes post-harvest processing. To automate the root crops and potatoes processing, the authors installed the universal web camera Logitech HD Pro C920. They created a basic block diagram of the electronic line system operation. (Results and discussion) The authors clarified the size and mass characteristics of potato tubers with a total weight of 38 356 grams of Nevsky variety of the 2019 harvest and their shape coefficient. They developed design documentation. An experimental line was prepared for potato tubers post-harvest sorting with an original circuit diagram of the electronic system operation. The authors substantiated its design and operational-technological parameters. Practical studies of the automated line work were carried out in the Ryazan region on the basis of the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies – a branch of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. (Conclusions) The authors determined that the developed automated line for root crops and potatoes post-harvest sorting thanks to digital technologies reduced labor costs by eliminating manual sorting, as well as improving the quality of potato tubers and the accuracy of sorting by size to 95-98 percent. It was revealed that damage to potato tubers did not exceed one percent.

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Substantiation of rational parameters of the root crops separator with a rotating inner separation surface

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2019.997 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rim Khamaletdinov ◽

Vladimir Martynov ◽

Salavat Mudarisov ◽

Ildar Gabitov ◽

Eduard Khasanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Tests ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Rotating Drum ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Separation Surface ◽

Root Crops ◽

Truncated Cone ◽

Inclined Surfaces

The aim of the paper is to justify the design and rational parameters of the secondary post-treatment separator of potato heap in the form of a truncated cone with a rotating internal separating surface which ensures the separation of potato tubers from soil lumps commensurate with them. Based on the analysis of works devoted to the process of potato heap separation, including on inclined surfaces, as well as the analytical calculations, it was concluded that it is possible to create a device for separating potato tubers from soil lumps in the form of a rotating truncated cone with an internal separating surface. As a result of the research, the design of the secondary post-treatment separator of potato heap in the form of a rotating drum in the form of a truncated cone with a separating roller. Laboratory and field tests have shown that with appropriate adjustments, separation of up to 80% of soil impurities commensurate in size with potato tubers is provided.

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Comparative study of the force action of harvester work tools on potato tubers

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/96/2018-rae ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

Alexei Sibirev ◽

Alexandr Aksenov ◽

Alexei Dorokhov ◽

Andrei Ponomarev

Keyword(s):

Field Studies ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Cultivation Conditions ◽

Root Crops ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Working Bodies ◽

The Individual ◽

Separation Devices ◽

The Impact

The quality of the separation of root crops, onions and potatoes is known to primarily depend on the cultivation conditions. As a rule, these cultures are cultivated in mechanically light soils in order to improve the quality of separation, as well as to reduce the traction resistance of the harvester when extracting the root crops from the soil. When harvesting the root crops, it is very important to maintain the soil in a loose (light) state to improve the quality of the separation. Due to the fact that in digging up the root crops, there is a joint flow of strong soil lumps to the separating working bodies, which are difficult to separate on the slit working bodies of the harvester, which increases damage to the root crops when interacting with the soil lumps, the commercial quality of the products is subsequently deteriorated. The existing potato harvesters damage the commercial products as a result of the interaction of the potato tubers with each other, with the working bodies and with the soil lumps. However, the greatest percentage of damage to potato tubers occurs as a result of their interaction with the working bodies of the harvester. Field studies were conducted to determine the places of the greatest impact of the individual working bodies of the potato harvesters and to carry out subsequent actions for the elimination of these negative impacts in the design of the harvesters. This article presents a methodology for conducting field studies on the assessment of the impact of the working bodies on the scale of damage to potato tubers when harvesting. The results of the comparative studies of the impact of the working bodies of modern potato harvesters, which damage the potato tubers as a result of the interaction with them are presented. We have determined that the greatest scale of impact on the potato tubers during the mechanised harvesting is observed as the transition from the main elevator to the secondary separation devices takes place, irrespective of the design and technological scheme of the harvester, and reaches its minimum value from 6.5 N for the Bolko harvester to 21 N for the AVR-Spirit-6200 harvester.

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Results of research on the intensification of the process of cleaning potato tubers by ultrasonic action and their subsequent storage

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021709008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 217 ◽

pp. 09008

Author(s):

A. Dorokhov ◽

A. Aksenov ◽

A. Manokhina ◽

M. Mosyakov

Keyword(s):

Soil Layer ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Ultrasonic Action ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Root Crops ◽

Ultrasonic Equipment ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Working Bodies ◽

Subsequent Storage

The data on the gross harvest of tubers in the Russian Federation are given: approximately 71% of potatoes are produced by the population, 17.4% by agricultural enterprises and 11.5% by farms. It is noted that in the industrial production of potatoes, negative impacts on the soil are associated with crushing and removal of the fertile soil layer, which arise in the process of extracting root crops by the digging and separating working bodies of the harvesting machines. It is proposed to use ultrasonic action on root crops for cleaning them from soil impurities. It was determined that in order to intensify the process of cleaning tubers by ultrasonic action during harvesting, it is necessary to provide operating and technological parameters (frequency of ultrasound oscillations f1 = 48 kHz, vibration intensity S = 42 W/cm², exposure time t = 90 s) of ultrasonic equipment, which will ensure the completeness purification is not less than 84.7%.The results of comparative studies on the intensification of the cleaning of potato tubers allow us to conclude that, regardless of the mass and type of pollution, the greatest positive effect of ultrasonic exposure is observed when processing tubers, the completeness of cleaning of which is on average 13-20% higher.

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RESEARCH RESULTS OF THE PROCESS OF CLEANING POTATO TUBERS AND CARROT ROOT CROPS USING ULTRASOUND

Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy ◽

10.18286/1816-4501-2020-2-6-14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 6-14

Author(s):

A.S. Dorokhov ◽

◽

A.G. Aksenov ◽

A.V. Sibirev ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Layer ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Carrot Root ◽

Root Crops ◽

Tuberous Roots ◽

Ultrasonic Influence ◽

Ultrasound Effect

The most promising of the known ways to reduce the content of soil bolsters during machine harvesting of tuberous roots should be considered pre-harvest moisturization of the soil layer in which the tuberous root are located. This significantly reduces the content of soil impurities in harvested tuberous roots. However, atomized spray of water, even under pressure, is not able to ensure its instant flow to the depth of tuberous roots and, moreover, to moisten the soil to the state that provides further intensification of the process of separation of tuberous roots from soil bolsters that are comparable to them. To eliminate this defect, it is necessary to provide an intensification of the water spraying process by one of the methods of physical influence, which provides instant soil moisture to the depth of tuberous roots. The article presents instrumentation for research of technological parameters of ultrasonic treatment on the quality of the cleaning roots crops from soil impurities, the method and results of laboratory studies of ultrasound effect on the cleaning process of potato tubers of the "Red Scarlet" variety and carrot root crops of «Shantane» variety . The optimal parameters of ultrasound influence that intensifies the process of cleaning root crops from soil impurities were determined. The results of comparative laboratory studies of cleaning potato tubers and carrot root crops from various root crops on the physical and mechanical composition of soil impurities (sandy loams and loam soils) allow us to conclude that the best indicators of intensification of ultrasonic influence with increase in the completeness of cleaning, despite the weight and type of contamination, are observed when processing carrot root crops, the completeness of cleaning is on average higher by 13...20 %.

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RESEARCH OF THE BURROWING SHARE OF A MACHINE FOR HARVESTING VEGETABLES AND ONIONS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

INMATEH Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.35633/inmateh-64-23 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 238-246

Author(s):

Alexey Dorokhov ◽

A.V. Sibirev ◽

Alexandr Aksenov ◽

Nikolay Sazonov

Keyword(s):

Soil Layer ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Optimization Criterion ◽

Statistical Characteristics ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Root Crops ◽

Working Bodies ◽

Significant Factors

It was found that the extraction of a tuberous heap, namely potatoes, with a digging working body with a movable frame, has the most significant drawback, which is that when the depth of the burrowing share tip is changed, the angle of its inclination changes, which negatively affects the chipping of the soil layer and leads to the deterioration of the transportation of the excavated soil layer to the separating working bodies, for which it is necessary to determine and clarify the main technological and design parameters of the developed intake plough share for digging / picking up root crops and bulbs due to the fact that potato tubers and onion bulbs have different size and mass and physical and mechanical properties. A method has been developed for determining the amount of supply of a heap of onion sets from the surface of the digging share to the separating working bodies, the required soil moisture necessary for research. The methodology and results of experimental studies to determine the decrease in the content of soil impurities in the gathering heap of onions are presented, the main statistical characteristics of the experiment are reflected. Based on the results of the screening experiment, significant factors have been established that have a decisive effect on the selected optimization criterion: spring preload, determined by the spring length and the forward speed of the digging share. It was found that the minimum possible amount of soil impurities when extracting onions from the soil is 24.8%. It depends on the values of the investigated factors, values that should be set in the interval: the length of the spring L_PPR=0.02-0.04 m and the speed of the moving share v_L=1.2-1.4 m/s.

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Justification of parameters of vehicles with elastic partitions for transporting potatoes

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202022203016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 222 ◽

pp. 03016

Author(s):

Roman Beznosyuk ◽

Dmitry Ryabchikov ◽

Sergey Borychev ◽

Georgiy Rembalovich ◽

Mikhail Kostenko

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Field Tests ◽

The Body ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Geometric Characteristics ◽

Root Crops ◽

Elastic Transverse

Elastic partitions have been developed to be installed in the body of a vehicle and allowing to reduce damage to tubers when unloading by reducing the speed and, accordingly, the interaction of potatoes with the working surfaces of the machine and neighboring tubers. A mathematical model of a device for transporting and unloading root crops has been developed, taking into account the physical properties of root crops, the physical and geometric characteristics of the container and elastic partitions, as well as the parameters of the unloading process. As a result of comparative field tests of a serial MAZ 5516 truck body and an experimental MAZ 5516 truck body with installed transverse partitions, it was found that the use of the developed elastic transverse partitions reduces damage to potato tubers from 5.3% to 2.9%.

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Contents of selected macroelements in soils, potatoes and fodder beets at variable soil reaction / Zawartość wybranych makroelementów w glebach oraz w ziemniakach i burakach pastewnych przy zmiennym odczynie gleby

Soil Science Annual ◽

10.1515/ssa-2015-0012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Antoni Rogóż ◽

Monika Tabak

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Content ◽

Ph Value ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Magnesium Content ◽

Soil Reaction ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Ph Values ◽

Root Crops ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Calcium And Magnesium

Abstract The aim of the research was to determine the concentration of selected macroelements in soil and in root crops (potatoes and fodder beets) at a variable soil reaction. The changes in pH values in the studied soils influenced the content of these elements in soluble forms determined in 0.1 mol HCl·dm-3. A statistical analysis showed a positive relationship between the soil pH value and the calcium and magnesium contents in a form close to the total form, as well as the content of soluble forms of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. The content of the studied macroelements, i.e. phosphorus, calcium, magnesium in the cultivated fodder beets and potatoes depended on abundance and form in which the studied elements occurred in soil, and also on specie and analyzed part of the plant. Along with the increase in pH values of the an increase in the phosphorus content and reduction of the magnesium content in the roots and above-ground parts of the beets were found. The calcium content in the roots increased along with an increase in pH of the soils, whereas direction of changes in the content of this element in the petioles and laminae of the beets was not unambiguous. A slight decrease in the content of the studied elements in the potato tubers (along with the increase in pH of the soils) was found.

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COMPARATIVE SR90 CONTENT OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS GROWN IN A CONTAMINATED SOIL

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps62-036 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 252-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. J. Evans ◽

A. J. Dekker

Keyword(s):

Calcium Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cereal Grains ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Root Crops

In a greenhouse study in which thirty-six species of plants, including cereal crops, forage crops, and vegetable crops, were grown in a soil contaminated with Sr90, considerable variation was found in the Sr90 content of samples of botanically unrelated species. The Sr90 content varied directly with the calcium content of plant samples, and consequently the Sr90/g. Ca was reasonably constant for most species when similar morphological parts of the plants were compared. Cereal grains were lower in Sr90 content that were the straw samples whether the results were expressed on the basis of a unit dry weight of sample, or a unit weight of Ca in the sample. As a group, legumes contained higher amounts of both Ca and Sr90 than did grasses. Forage grasses were similar in Sr90 content to the straw of cereals. Although the tops of root crops contained more Sr90 than did the roots on a unit dry-weight basis, the roots contained more Sr90/g.Ca. The Sr90 contents of potato tubers and cereal grains were among the lowest of the samples measured.

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