scholarly journals Substantiation of rational parameters of the root crops separator with a rotating inner separation surface

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Khamaletdinov ◽  
Vladimir Martynov ◽  
Salavat Mudarisov ◽  
Ildar Gabitov ◽  
Eduard Khasanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Rotating Drum ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Separation Surface ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Truncated Cone ◽  
Inclined Surfaces

The aim of the paper is to justify the design and rational parameters of the secondary post-treatment separator of potato heap in the form of a truncated cone with a rotating internal separating surface which ensures the separation of potato tubers from soil lumps commensurate with them. Based on the analysis of works devoted to the process of potato heap separation, including on inclined surfaces, as well as the analytical calculations, it was concluded that it is possible to create a device for separating potato tubers from soil lumps in the form of a rotating truncated cone with an internal separating surface. As a result of the research, the design of the secondary post-treatment separator of potato heap in the form of a rotating drum in the form of a truncated cone with a separating roller. Laboratory and field tests have shown that with appropriate adjustments, separation of up to 80% of soil impurities commensurate in size with potato tubers is provided.

scholarly journals Justification of parameters of vehicles with elastic partitions for transporting potatoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 03016
Author(s):  
Roman Beznosyuk ◽  
Dmitry Ryabchikov ◽  
Sergey Borychev ◽  
Georgiy Rembalovich ◽  
Mikhail Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
The Body ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Elastic Transverse

Elastic partitions have been developed to be installed in the body of a vehicle and allowing to reduce damage to tubers when unloading by reducing the speed and, accordingly, the interaction of potatoes with the working surfaces of the machine and neighboring tubers. A mathematical model of a device for transporting and unloading root crops has been developed, taking into account the physical properties of root crops, the physical and geometric characteristics of the container and elastic partitions, as well as the parameters of the unloading process. As a result of comparative field tests of a serial MAZ 5516 truck body and an experimental MAZ 5516 truck body with installed transverse partitions, it was found that the use of the developed elastic transverse partitions reduces damage to potato tubers from 5.3% to 2.9%.

scholarly journals Automated Line for Post-Harvest Processing of Root Crops and Potatoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
A. S. Dorokhov ◽  
M. A. Mosyakov ◽  
N. V. Sazonov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Basic Block ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Line System ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Automated Line

In the process of post-harvest processing of root crops and potatoes in Russia, mechanical sortings of various types are used, which allows to separate the material according to the size criterion and removing impurities. The main requirement for this equipment is to ensure the quality and reliability of technological processes for the impurities separation and the root crops separation into fractions with minimal damage. (Research purpose) To improve the quality of potato tubers sorting using an automated line for post-harvest processing of root crops and potatoes, which allows to reduce their damage and ensure high accuracy of separation into fractions by size. (Materials and methods) The authors studied the automated process of root crops post-harvest processing. They developed approaches and basic technical, technological and constructive solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of root crops and potatoes post-harvest processing. To automate the root crops and potatoes processing, the authors installed the universal web camera Logitech HD Pro C920. They created a basic block diagram of the electronic line system operation. (Results and discussion) The authors clarified the size and mass characteristics of potato tubers with a total weight of 38 356 grams of Nevsky variety of the 2019 harvest and their shape coefficient. They developed design documentation. An experimental line was prepared for potato tubers post-harvest sorting with an original circuit diagram of the electronic system operation. The authors substantiated its design and operational-technological parameters. Practical studies of the automated line work were carried out in the Ryazan region on the basis of the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies – a branch of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. (Conclusions) The authors determined that the developed automated line for root crops and potatoes post-harvest sorting thanks to digital technologies reduced labor costs by eliminating manual sorting, as well as improving the quality of potato tubers and the accuracy of sorting by size to 95-98 percent. It was revealed that damage to potato tubers did not exceed one percent.

OBSERVATIONS ON PHLOEM NECROSIS OF POTATO TUBERS

1944 ◽  
Vol 22c (4) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Sanford ◽  
J. G. Grimble
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Phloem Necrosis ◽  
Net Necrosis

The results of field tests with random lots of potato tubers showing phloem necrosis of similar type are summarized. The vines from tubers of five of these developed typical leaf-roll symptoms, but those of three others showed no sign of leaf roll, or other symptoms that suggested a virus as the causal agent. The net necrosis in one of the latter samples was known to result from vine infestation of Paratrioza cockerelli Sulc, and in this case the stock returned to full vigour during the second season. It was further confirmed that once the vines show definite symptoms of leaf roll, the phloem elements of their tubers henceforth do not exhibit necrosis.The tissue contiguous to the necrotic phloem elements in the affected tubers was uniformly fluorescent, but the unaffected portion of such tubers, as well as non-necrotic tubers from positive leaf-roll plants, reacted negatively to ultraviolet light.

scholarly journals Protoplast isolation prior to flow cytometry reveals clear patterns of endoreduplication in potato tubers, related species, and some starchy root crops

Plant Methods ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Parker E. Laimbeer ◽  
Sarah H. Holt ◽  
Melissa Makris ◽  
Michael Alan Hardigan ◽  
C. Robin Buell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Protoplast Isolation ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Root Crops

scholarly journals Lethal and sublethal effects of ten insecticides, used in date palm production in Saudi Arabia, on the parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
M. Jamal Hajjar ◽  
M. Al-Masoud
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Trichogramma Cacoeciae ◽  
Class 1

Abstract Lethal and sublethal effects of ten insecticides commonly used in date palm production in Saudi Arabia were assessed in the laboratory against adults of Trichogramma cacoeciae, an important egg parasitoid of the dried fruit moth Ephestia calidella. Bioassays were conducted according to the standard protocol of the International Organization for Biological Control IOBC/WPRS/Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’. Our results showed that cypermethrin, deltamethrin, malathion, phenthoate, methomyl, and carbosulfan were moderately harmful (IOBC Class 3) to the parasitoid. The botanical insecticides azadirachtin and matrine were moderately harmful (IOBC Class 3) and slightly harmful (IOBC Class 2), respectively. The insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was slightly harmful, whereas bistrifluron was harmless (IOBC Class 1). Regarding sublethal effects, the parasitism ratios compared to control were reduced by pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin to 49.0% and 58.0%, respectively; hence they are classified as slightly harmful insecticides (IOBC Class 2). Bistrifluron and matrine were harmless (IOBC Class 1) as parasitism ratios were reduced by 9.2% and 27.6%, respectively. Longevity of adults exposed to bistrifluron and matrine (3.6 and 3.3 days, respectively) and to pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin (1.7 and 1.3 days, respectively) was significantly lower than that in control (4.67 days). In semi-field tests, residues of most insecticides on leaves of tomato, a common host plant of lepidopteran pests parasitized by T. cacoeciae, were considered moderately harmful to harmful based on parasitoid mortality at 24 h post-treatment whereas they were slightly harmful at 7 and 14 days post-treatment

Comparative study of the force action of harvester work tools on potato tubers

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Alexei Sibirev ◽  
Alexandr Aksenov ◽  
Alexei Dorokhov ◽  
Andrei Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Separation Devices ◽  
The Impact

The quality of the separation of root crops, onions and potatoes is known to primarily depend on the cultivation conditions. As a rule, these cultures are cultivated in mechanically light soils in order to improve the quality of separation, as well as to reduce the traction resistance of the harvester when extracting the root crops from the soil. When harvesting the root crops, it is very important to maintain the soil in a loose (light) state to improve the quality of the separation. Due to the fact that in digging up the root crops, there is a joint flow of strong soil lumps to the separating working bodies, which are difficult to separate on the slit working bodies of the harvester, which increases damage to the root crops when interacting with the soil lumps, the commercial quality of the products is subsequently deteriorated. The existing potato harvesters damage the commercial products as a result of the interaction of the potato tubers with each other, with the working bodies and with the soil lumps. However, the greatest percentage of damage to potato tubers occurs as a result of their interaction with the working bodies of the harvester. Field studies were conducted to determine the places of the greatest impact of the individual working bodies of the potato harvesters and to carry out subsequent actions for the elimination of these negative impacts in the design of the harvesters. This article presents a methodology for conducting field studies on the assessment of the impact of the working bodies on the scale of damage to potato tubers when harvesting. The results of the comparative studies of the impact of the working bodies of modern potato harvesters, which damage the potato tubers as a result of the interaction with them are presented. We have determined that the greatest scale of impact on the potato tubers during the mechanised harvesting is observed as the transition from the main elevator to the secondary separation devices takes place, irrespective of the design and technological scheme of the harvester, and reaches its minimum value from 6.5 N for the Bolko harvester to 21 N for the AVR-Spirit-6200 harvester.

A POTATO TUBERS TREATMENT INFLUENCE ON PHYTOSANITARY STATE OF POTATO PLANTINGS AND YIELD

1970 ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
М. N. Zakharova ◽  
L. V. Rozhkova
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Phosphorous Content ◽  
Ph Level

According to ISA - a branch of the FSBNU FNAC VIM in the conditions of the region from weed vegetation, pathogens of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, a complex of soil-killing and terrestrial pests the loss of potato harvest is 30-40%. In 2019-2020 the preparations for the treatment of Gala tubers variety were tested on the V.I. Lenin collective farm in the Kasimovskiy district (Ryazan region) in accordance with the following scheme: 1. Tabu Super, VSK – 0.5 l/t + Maxim, KS – 0.4 l/t; 2. Tabu Super, VSK – 0.5 l/t + Sinclair, SC – 0.2 l/t; 3. Prestige, KS – 1.0 l/t + Regent, VDG – 0.08 kg/t + Aktara,VDG – 0.1 kg/t + Maxim, KS – 0.4 l/t. 4. Quadris, SK – 0.4 l/t + Regent, VDG – 0.08 kg/t (economic option). The area of cultivated plot is 10 hectares, the accounting area is 10 m2 and the four-time replication. The soil of the site is sod-podzolic-gley sandy loam, humus content is 0.9%, potassium – content is medium, phosphorous content is low, pH level – 5.1, the predecessor was winter wheat. As a result of field tests of fungicides and insecticides used for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers, it was found that in the region the tested drugs effectively protected the crop plants from risoctoniasis and damage to the Colorado beetle. The use of the drugs studied contributed to a high yield of potato tubers 55.5 - 60.0 tons/ha and high - above 89% output of standard tubers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tendency to Blackspot Bruising and Enzymatic Discoloration of Potato Tubers

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Hara-Skrzypiec
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rotating Drum ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Cultivated Potato ◽  
Mechanical Impact ◽  
Blackspot Bruise ◽  
Enzymatic Discoloration ◽  
Bruise Susceptibility

Abstract Enzymatic discoloration of potato tubers initiated by mechanical impact bruising and the discoloration which appears after tuber cutting are crucial quality traits of the cultivated potato. The presented determination of blackspot bruise susceptibility includes evaluation of the trait with two impact methods - the rotating drum and the falling bolt. These two methods affect both the physical and the biochemical properties of tubers. Evaluation of the discoloration potential after tuber cutting (ED) is also discussed. Evaluating the discoloration potential of tubers is one of the most important points in determining potato quality.

scholarly journals Results of research on the intensification of the process of cleaning potato tubers by ultrasonic action and their subsequent storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 09008
Author(s):  
A. Dorokhov ◽  
A. Aksenov ◽  
A. Manokhina ◽  
M. Mosyakov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Ultrasonic Action ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Ultrasonic Equipment ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Subsequent Storage

The data on the gross harvest of tubers in the Russian Federation are given: approximately 71% of potatoes are produced by the population, 17.4% by agricultural enterprises and 11.5% by farms. It is noted that in the industrial production of potatoes, negative impacts on the soil are associated with crushing and removal of the fertile soil layer, which arise in the process of extracting root crops by the digging and separating working bodies of the harvesting machines. It is proposed to use ultrasonic action on root crops for cleaning them from soil impurities. It was determined that in order to intensify the process of cleaning tubers by ultrasonic action during harvesting, it is necessary to provide operating and technological parameters (frequency of ultrasound oscillations f1 = 48 kHz, vibration intensity S = 42 W/cm², exposure time t = 90 s) of ultrasonic equipment, which will ensure the completeness purification is not less than 84.7%.The results of comparative studies on the intensification of the cleaning of potato tubers allow us to conclude that, regardless of the mass and type of pollution, the greatest positive effect of ultrasonic exposure is observed when processing tubers, the completeness of cleaning of which is on average 13-20% higher.

scholarly journals RESEARCH RESULTS OF THE PROCESS OF CLEANING POTATO TUBERS AND CARROT ROOT CROPS USING ULTRASOUND

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
A.S. Dorokhov ◽  
◽  
A.G. Aksenov ◽  
A.V. Sibirev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Ultrasonic Influence ◽  
Ultrasound Effect

The most promising of the known ways to reduce the content of soil bolsters during machine harvesting of tuberous roots should be considered pre-harvest moisturization of the soil layer in which the tuberous root are located. This significantly reduces the content of soil impurities in harvested tuberous roots. However, atomized spray of water, even under pressure, is not able to ensure its instant flow to the depth of tuberous roots and, moreover, to moisten the soil to the state that provides further intensification of the process of separation of tuberous roots from soil bolsters that are comparable to them. To eliminate this defect, it is necessary to provide an intensification of the water spraying process by one of the methods of physical influence, which provides instant soil moisture to the depth of tuberous roots. The article presents instrumentation for research of technological parameters of ultrasonic treatment on the quality of the cleaning roots crops from soil impurities, the method and results of laboratory studies of ultrasound effect on the cleaning process of potato tubers of the "Red Scarlet" variety and carrot root crops of «Shantane» variety . The optimal parameters of ultrasound influence that intensifies the process of cleaning root crops from soil impurities were determined. The results of comparative laboratory studies of cleaning potato tubers and carrot root crops from various root crops on the physical and mechanical composition of soil impurities (sandy loams and loam soils) allow us to conclude that the best indicators of intensification of ultrasonic influence with increase in the completeness of cleaning, despite the weight and type of contamination, are observed when processing carrot root crops, the completeness of cleaning is on average higher by 13...20 %.

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