Alignment in implementation of evidence-based interventions: a scoping review

Abstract Background Alignment (i.e., the process of creating fit between elements of the inner and outer context of an organization or system) in conjunction with implementation of an evidence-based intervention (EBI) has been identified as important for implementation outcomes. However, research evidence has so far not been systematically summarized. The aim of this scoping review is therefore to create an overview of how the concept of alignment has been applied in the EBI implementation literature to provide a starting point for future implementation efforts in health care. Methods We searched for peer-reviewed English language articles in four databases (MEDLINE, Cinahl, Embase, and Web of Science) published between 2003 and 2019. Extracted data were analyzed to address the study aims. A qualitative content analysis was carried out for items with more extensive information. The review was reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Results The database searches yielded 3629 publications, of which 235 were considered potentially relevant based on the predetermined eligibility criteria, and retrieved in full text. In this review, the results of 53 studies are presented. Different definitions and conceptualizations of alignment were found, which in general could be categorized as structural, as well as social, types of alignments. Whereas the majority of studies viewed alignment as important to understand the implementation process, only a few studies actually assessed alignment. Outcomes of alignment were focused on either EBI implementation, EBI sustainment, or healthcare procedures. Different actors were identified as important for creating alignment and five overall strategies were found for achieving alignment. Conclusions Although investigating alignment has not been the primary focus of studies focusing on EBI implementation, it has still been identified as an important factor for the implementation success. Based on the findings from this review, future research should incorporate alignment and put a stronger emphasize on testing the effectiveness of alignment related to implementation outcomes.

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Hypnotherapy for Procedural Pain and Distress in Children: A scoping Review Protocol

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnab038 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daly Geagea ◽

Zephanie Tyack ◽

Roy Kimble ◽

Lars Eriksson ◽

Vince Polito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Procedural Pain ◽

Future Research ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

Review Protocol ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective Inadequately treated pain and distress elicited by medical procedures can put children at higher risks of acute and chronic biopsychosocial sequelae. Children can benefit from hypnotherapy, a psychological tailored intervention, as an adjunct to pharmacological agents to address the multiple components of pain and distress. Despite providing evidence on the effectiveness and potential superiority of hypnotherapy to other psychological interventions, research on hypnotherapy for paediatric procedural pain and distress has been predominantly limited to oncology and needle procedures. Plus, there is a lack of reporting of intervention manuals, factors influencing hypnotic responding, pain unpleasantness outcomes, theoretical frameworks, adverse events, as well as barriers and facilitators to the feasibility of delivering the intervention and study procedures. The proposed review aims to map the range and nature of the evidence on hypnotherapy for procedural pain and distress in children to identify gaps in literature and areas requiring further investigation. Methods This review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) methodology and incorporate additional scoping review recommendations by The Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Relevant studies will be identified through searching published literature databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature in addition to hand-searching of reference lists and key journals. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts of search results followed by full-texts review against eligibility criteria. Conclusion Findings are anticipated to guide future research and inform the development of tailored hypnotic interventions in children.

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Running related biomechanical risk factors for overuse injuries in distance runners: A systematic review considering injury specificity and the potentials for future research

10.1101/2021.07.23.21261034 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Steffen Willwacher ◽

Markus Kurz ◽

Johanna Robbin ◽

Matthias Thelen ◽

Joseph Hamill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Retrospective Studies ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Future Research ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Starting Point ◽

Data Collections

Objective To identify and evaluate the evidence of the most relevant running-related risk factors (RRRFs) for running-related overuse injuries (ROIs) and to suggest future research directions. Design Systematic review considering prospective and retrospective studies. (PROSPERO_ID: 236832) Data sources Pubmed. Connected Papers. The search was performed in February 2021. Eligibility criteria English language. Studies on participants whose primary sport is running addressing the risk for the seven most common ROIs and at least one kinematic, kinetic (including pressure measurements), or electromyographic RRRF. An RRRF needed to be identified in at least one prospective or two retrospective studies. Results Sixty-two articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Levels of evidence for specific ROIs ranged from conflicting to moderate evidence. Running populations and methods applied varied considerably between studies. While some RRRFs appeared for several ROIs, most RRRFs were specific for a particular ROI. The biomechanical measurements performed in many studies would have allowed for consideration of many more RRRFs than have been reported, highlighting a potential for more effective data usage in the future. Conclusion This study offers a comprehensive overview of RRRFs for the most common ROIs, which might serve as a starting point to develop ROI-specific risk profiles of individual runners. Future work should use macroscopic (big data) approaches involving long-term data collections in the real world and microscopic approaches involving precise stress calculations using recent developments in biomechanical modelling. However, consensus on data collection standards (including the quantification of workload and stress tolerance variables and the reporting of injuries) is warranted.

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Performance Characteristics in BMX Racing: A Scoping Review.

Journal Of Science & Cycling ◽

10.28985/1906.jsc.02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 3-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lee Paul Rylands ◽

Simon Roberts

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Peak Power ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Performance Characteristics ◽

Future Research ◽

Future Studies ◽

Time To Peak ◽

Starting Point ◽

Meta Analyses

Performance characteristics across a number of cycle sports have been investigated for decades. However, evidence suggests little is known about the performance characteristics in BMX cycling. As a result, a scoping review was undertaken to explore the quantity and themes of research in this area. After adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRIMSA) guidelines 104 studies were identified in the initial search and post screening 17 studies were identified as relevant. These studies were categorised into two sub categories; physical and technical characteristics. The first category, physical performance characteristics included ten studies that analysed torque, cadence, and peak power in relation to velocity and time to peak power. The remaining 7 studies related to technical attributes and focused on the development of an effective gate start technique or analysed techniques deemed important during a BMX race. In addition to the categories, 9 of the 17 studies identified in this review reported reliability issues in collecting performance characteristic data, as well as issues surrounding transference of data from the laboratory to the BMX track. Future research should consider intervention studies examining how time to peak power could be developed and the effect this would have on the start of a BMX race. Future studies may also consider using equipment with higher levels of reliability and testing riders in the track environment. Moreover, this scoping review could serve as a starting point for a systematic review.

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The neglected contexts and outcomes of evidence-based management: a systematic scoping review in hospital settings

Journal of Health Organization and Management ◽

10.1108/jhom-03-2021-0101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Tina Sahakian ◽

Lina Daouk-Öyry ◽

Brigitte Kroon ◽

Dorien T.A.M. Kooij ◽

Mohamad Alameddine

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

English Language ◽

Review Literature ◽

Future Research ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Content Type ◽

Research Areas ◽

Innovative Methodology ◽

Insight Into

PurposeThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the necessity of practicing Evidence-based Management (EBMgt) as an approach to decision-making in hospital settings. The literature, however, provides limited insight into the process of EBMgt and its contextual nuances. Such insight is critical for better leveraging EBMgt in practice. Therefore, the authors' aim was to integrate the literature on the process of EBMgt in hospital settings, identify the gaps in knowledge and delineate areas for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a systematic scoping review using an innovative methodology that involved two systematic searches. First using EBMgt terminology and second using terminology associated with the EBMgt concept, which the authors derived from the first search.FindingsThe authors identified 218 relevant articles, which using content analysis, they mapped onto the grounded model of the EBMgt process; a novel model of the EBMgt process developed by Sahakian and colleagues. The authors found that the English language literature provides limited insight into the role of managers' perceptions and motives in EBMgt, the practice of EBMgt in Global South countries, and the outcomes of EBMgt. Overall, this study’s findings indicated that aspects of the decision-maker, context and outcomes have been neglected in EBMgt.Originality/valueThe authors contributed to the EBMgt literature by identifying these gaps and proposing future research areas and to the systematic review literature by developing a novel scoping review method.

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Chasing the Anchor: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perceptual Anchoring Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia

10.31234/osf.io/amzpj ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kurt D Shulver ◽

Nicholas A Badcock

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Reading Ability ◽

English Language ◽

Prediction Interval ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Individual Performance ◽

Future Research ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Eligibility Criteria

We report the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the relationship between perceptual anchoring and dyslexia. Our goal was to assess the direction and degree of effect between perceptual anchoring and reading ability in typical and atypical (dyslexic) readers. We performed a literature search of experiments explicitly assessing perceptual anchoring and reading ability using PsycInfo (Ovid, 1860 to 2020), MEDLINE (Ovid, 1860 to 2019), EMBASE (Ovid, 1883 to 2019), and PubMed for all available years up to June (2020). Our eligibility criteria consisted of English-language articles and, at minimum, one experimental group identified as dyslexic - either by reading assessment at the time, or by previous diagnosis. We assessed for risk of bias using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Six studies were included in this review, but only five (n = 280 participants) were included in the meta-analysis (we were unable to access the necessary data for one study).The overall effect was negative, large and statistically significant; g = -0.87, 95% CI [-1.47, 0.27]: a negative effect size indicating less perceptual anchoring in dyslexic versus non-dyslexic groups. Visual assessment of funnel plot and Egger’s test suggest minimal bias but with significant heterogeneity; Q (4) = 9.70, PI (prediction interval) [-2.32, -0.58]. The primary limitation of the current review is the small number of included studies. We discuss methodological limitations, such as limited power, and how future research may redress these concerns. The variability of effect sizes appears consistent with the inherent variability within subtypes of dyslexia. This level of dispersion seems indicative of the how we define cut-off thresholds between typical reading and dyslexia populations, but also the methodological tools we use to investigate individual performance.

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Primary Crime Prevention Apps: A Typology and Scoping Review

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838020985560 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152483802098556

Author(s):

Mark A. Wood ◽

Stuart Ross ◽

Diana Johns

Keyword(s):

Crime Prevention ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Decision Aid ◽

English Language ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Smartphone Apps ◽

Initial Sample ◽

Language Research ◽

Meta Analyses

In the last decade, an array of smartphone apps have been designed to prevent crime, violence, and abuse. The evidence base of these apps has, however, yet to analyzed systematically. To rectify this, the aims of this review were (1) to establish the extent, range, and nature of research into smartphone apps with a primary crime prevention function; (2) to locate gaps in the primary crime prevention app literature; and (3) to develop a typology of primary crime prevention apps. Employing a scoping review methodology and following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, studies were identified via Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar. We included English-language research published between 2008 and 2020 that examined smartphone applications designed explicitly for primary crime prevention. Sixty-one publications met our criteria for review, out of an initial sample of 151 identified. Our review identified six types of crime prevention app examined in these publications: self-surveillance apps, decision aid apps, child-tracking apps, educational apps, crime-mapping/alert apps, and crime reporting apps. The findings of our review indicate that most of these forms of primary crime prevention apps have yet to be rigorously evaluated and many are not evidence-based in their design. Consequently, our review indicates that recent enthusiasm over primary crime prevention apps is not supported by an adequate evidence base.

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Abstract P681: Implementation of Stroke Prevention Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nessa Ryan ◽

Vida Rebello ◽

Desiree Gutierrez ◽

Kameko Washburn ◽

Alvaro Zevallos Barboza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Stroke Prevention ◽

Health Workers ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Implementation Outcomes ◽

Prevention Interventions ◽

Low And Middle Income

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and an increasing concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where, due to limited capacity to treat stroke, preventative efforts are critically important. Although some research on evidence-based interventions for stroke prevention in LMIC exists, there remains a significant gap in understanding of their implementation across various contexts in LMIC. Objectives: In this scoping review, our objective was to identify and synthesize the implementation outcomes (using Proctor et al.’s taxonomy, 2011) for stroke prevention interventions, as well as to describe the diverse interventions employed. Methods: Eligible studies were empirical, focused on implementation of stroke prevention programs or policies, and occurred in at least one LMIC. Five databases were searched, including PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for selection and charted data; discrepancies were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer until consensus was reached. Narrative synthesis was used to analyze and interpret the findings. Results: Studies were predominantly focused in Asia, targeting primary or secondary prevention, and facility-based. Interventions were conducted at the level of individual (n=11), system (n=12), or both (n=4). Various implementation outcomes were reported, most commonly cost (n=10), acceptability (n=7), fidelity (n=7), and feasibility (n=6), but also adoption (n=4), penetration (n=3), appropriateness (n=1), and sustainability (n=1). Conclusions: Findings highlight the breadth of evidence-based interventions for stroke prevention available to implement in LMIC settings, including culturally acceptable education interventions, cost-effective medications, and community-based interventions implemented by community health workers. Implementation outcomes remain under-reported, and more rigorous research is needed to better plan and evaluate the implementation of these interventions to prevent stroke.

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Using a Critical Appraisal Assignment to Infuse Evidence-Based Practice into a Therapeutic Modality Course

Athletic Training Education Journal ◽

10.4085/090122 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 22-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary Beth Zwart ◽

Bernadette Olson

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Athletic Training ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Evidence Based Practice ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Therapeutic Modality ◽

Future Research ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Clinical Question ◽

Starting Point

Context It is the responsibility of athletic training educators, through curriculum and clinical experiences, to engage students towards adopting evidence-based practice (EBP) into their practice. The initial task of implementing EBP into a curriculum or course can seem like a large task for educators and students. As a way to start scaffolding EBP concepts across the curriculum, a modified critical appraisal assignment was developed to teach therapeutic modality concepts. Objective The purpose of this action research project was to demonstrate how a modified critical appraisal assignment can be used to introduce the process and aspects of critical appraisal and begin scaffolding the development of critical appraisal skills over time. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the students' ability to (1) successfully locate relevant research needed to answer clinical questions and (2) successfully appraise the literature according to basic EBP strategy. From a program perspective, the modified critical appraisal assignment was a starting point from which to include EBP principles into didactic coursework. Design Seventeen athletic training students completed 3 modified critical appraisal assignments pertaining to the use of therapeutic modalities. Each paper included 5 sections: (1) clinical question, (2) key clinical findings, (3) clinical applicability based on information from the appraisal and significance of results, (4) article comparison table, and (5) implications for clinical practice, patient education, and future research. The instructor evaluated the assignments blind. Conclusions Students were generally able to complete the critical appraisal assignment; however, students had difficulty locating research that answered the clinical question. Students struggled to relate the key clinical findings of the research articles and implications for clinical practice to the given clinical question. Findings from this study have informed faculty teaching, including introducing EBP skills earlier in the curriculum and inserting assignments that stress various aspects of the critical appraisal process.

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The Effects of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Function in Healthy Aging: A Systematic Scoping Review

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa105 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nina Pocuca ◽

T Jordan Walter ◽

Arpi Minassian ◽

Jared W Young ◽

Mark A Geyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Future Research ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Older Populations ◽

The Relationship ◽

Chronic Doses

Abstract Background Older adults (≥50 years) represent the fastest-growing population of people who use cannabis, potentially due to the increasing promotion of cannabis as medicine by dispensaries and cannabis websites. Given healthy aging and cannabis use are both associated with cognitive decline, it is important to establish the effects of cannabis on cognition in healthy aging. Objective This systematic scoping review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to critically examine the extent of literature on this topic and highlight areas for future research. Method A search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and CINAHL) for articles published by September 2019, yielded 1,014 unique results. Results Six articles reported findings for older populations (three human and three rodent studies), highlighting the paucity of research in this area. Human studies revealed largely null results, likely due to several methodological limitations. Better-controlled rodent studies indicate that the relationship between ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cognitive function in healthy aging depends on age and level of THC exposure. Extremely low doses of THC improved cognition in very old rodents. Somewhat higher chronic doses improved cognition in moderately aged rodents. No studies examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) or high-CBD cannabis on cognition. Conclusions This systematic scoping review provides crucial, timely direction for future research on this emerging issue. Future research that combines neuroimaging and cognitive assessment would serve to advance understanding of the effects of age and quantity of THC and CBD on cognition in healthy aging.

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Medication in AN: A Multidisciplinary Overview of Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8020278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 278 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Corinne Blanchet ◽

Sébastien Guillaume ◽

Flora Bat-Pitault ◽

Marie-Emilie Carles ◽

Julia Clarke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Future Research ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Open Label ◽

Online Databases ◽

The 1960S ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Nutritional Complications

Drugs are widely prescribed for anorexia nervosa in the nutritional, somatic, and psychiatric fields. There is no systematic overview in the literature, which simultaneously covers all these types of medication. The main aims of this paper are (1) to offer clinicians an overview of the evidence-based data in the literature concerning the medication (psychotropic drugs and medication for somatic and nutritional complications) in the field of anorexia nervosa since the 1960s, (2) to draw practical conclusions for everyday practise and future research. Searches were performed on three online databases, namely MEDLINE, Epistemonikos and Web of Science. Papers published between September 2011 and January 2019 were considered. Evidence-based data were identified from meta-analyses, if there were none, from systematic reviews, and otherwise from trials (randomized or if not open-label studies). Evidence-based results are scarce. No psychotropic medication has proved efficacious in terms of weight gain, and there is only weak data suggesting it can alleviate certain psychiatric symptoms. Concerning nutritional and somatic conditions, while there is no specific, approved medication, it seems essential not to neglect the interest of innovative therapeutic strategies to treat multi-organic comorbidities. In the final section we discuss how to use these medications in the overall approach to the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

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