scholarly journals Resilience of health systems in conflict affected governorates of Iraq, 2014–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Ibrahim ◽  
Sara Al-Dahir ◽  
Taha Al Mulla ◽  
Faris Lami ◽  
S. M. Moazzem Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Facility Survey ◽  
Initial Shock ◽  
Facility Survey

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the resilience of health systems in four governorates affected by conflict from 2014 to 2018, and to convey recommendations. Methods Health managers from Al Anbar, Ninawa, Salah al-Din, and Kirkuk governorates discussed resilience factors of Primary Health Care services affected by the 2014–2017 ISIS insurgency in focus groups, and general discussions. Additional information was gathered from key informants and a UNICEF health facility survey. Three specific aspects were examined: (1) meeting health needs in the immediate crisis response, (2) adaptation of services, (3) restructuring and recovery measures. Data from a MoH/UNICEF national health facility survey in 2017 were analyzed for functionality. Results There were many common themes across the four governorates, with local variations. (1) Absorption The shock to the public sector health services by the ISIS invasion caught health services in the four governorates unprepared, with limited abilities to continue to provide services. Private pharmacies and private clinics in some places withstood the initial shock better than the public sector. (2) Adaptation After the initial shock, many health facilities adapted by focusing on urgent needs for injury and communicable disease care. In most locations, maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) preventive and promotive PHC services stopped. Ill persons would sometimes consult health workers in their houses at night for security reasons. (3) Restructuring or transformative activities In most areas, health services recovery was continuing in 2020. Some heavily damaged facilities are still functioning, but below pre-crisis level. Rebuilding lost community trust in the public sector is proving difficult. Conclusion Health services generally had little preparation for and limited resilience to the ISIS influx. Governorates are still restructuring services after the liberation from ISIS in 2017. Disaster planning was identified by all participants as a missing component, as everyone anticipated future similar emergencies.

scholarly journals Resilience of Health Systems in Conflict Affected Governorates of Iraq, 2014-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Ibrahim ◽  
Sara Al-Dahir ◽  
Taha Al-Mulla ◽  
Faris Lami ◽  
SM Moazzem Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Initial Shock

Abstract ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the resilience of health services in four governorates affected by conflict from 2014-2018, and to convey recommendations.MethodsHealth managers from Al Anbar, Ninawa, Salah-al-din, and Kirkuk governorates assessed resilience factors of Primary Health Care services affected by the 2014-2017 ISIS insurgency. Additional information was gathered from key informants and a health facility Unicef survey. Three specific aspects were examined: 1) meeting health needs in the immediate crisis response, 2) adaptation of services, 3) restructuring and recovery measures. Data from and MoH/UNICEF national health facility survey were 2017-2019 analyzed for functionality.FindingsThere were many common themes across the four governorates, with local variations.1. Absorption. The shock to the public sector health services by the invasion by ISIS caught the in the four governorates unprepared, with limited abilities to continue to provide services. Pharmacies and private clinics sometimes withstood the initial shock better. 2. Adaptation. After the initial shock, many health facilities adapted by focused on urgent needs for injury and communicable disease care. In most locations, maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) preventive and promotive services stopped. Ill persons would sometimes consult health workers in their houses at night for security reasons. 3. Restructuring or transformative activities. In most areas, health services restructuring was continuing in 2020. Some heavily damaged facilities are still functioning below pre-crisis level, with reduced service availability. Rebuilding lost community trust in the public sector is proving difficult, though in some communities, trust remained strong.ConclusionHealth services generally had little preparation and limited resilience to the ISIS influx. Governorates are, in places, still restructuring services after the liberation from ISIS in 2017. Disaster planning was identified by all participants as a missing component, as managers anticipated future emergencies.

scholarly journals Health system’s readiness to provide cardiovascular, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease related services in Nepal: analysis using 2015 health facility survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Ghimire ◽  
Nipun Shrestha ◽  
Bipin Adhikari ◽  
Suresh Meheta ◽  
Yashashwi Pokharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Health Facility Survey ◽  
Service Readiness ◽  
Facility Survey

Abstract Background: The burgeoning rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is posing serious challenges in resource constrained health facilities of Nepal. The main objective of this study was to assess the readiness of health facilities for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) services in Nepal. Methods: This study utilized data from the Nepal Health Facility Survey 2015. General readiness of 940 health facilities along with disease specific readiness for CVDs, diabetes and CRDs were assessed using service availability and readiness assessment manual of the World Health Organization (WHO). Health facilities were categorized into public and private facilities. Results: Out of a total of 940 health facilities assessed, private facilities showed higher availability of items of general service readiness, except for standard precautions for infection prevention, compared to public facilities. The multivariable adjusted regression coefficients for CVDs (β=2.87, 95%CI: 2.42-3.39), diabetes (β =3.02, 95%CI: 2.03-4.49) and CRDs (β=15.95, 95%CI: 4.61-55.13) at private facilities were higher than the public hospitals. Health facilities located in hills had higher readiness index for CVDs (β=1.99, 95%CI: 1.02 - 1.39). Service readiness for CVDs (β=1.13, 95%CI: 1.04-1.23) and diabetes (β=1.78, 95%CI: 1.23-2.59) were higher in the urban municipalities than in rural municipalities. Finally, disease related services readiness index was sub-optimal with some degree of variation at the province level in Nepal. Compared to province 1, Province 2 (β=0.83, 95%CI: 0.73-0.95), and province 4 (β =1.24, 95%CI: 1.07-1.43) and province 5 (β =1.17, 95%CI: 1.02-1.34) had higher readiness index for CVDs.Conclusions: This study found sub-optimal readiness of services related to three NCDs at the public facilities in Nepal. Compared to public facilities, private facilities showed higher readiness score for CVDs, diabetes and CRDs. To cope up with the growing burden of NCDs, urgent improvement in health services, particularly in public facilities are critical to manage common NCDs.

COVID’s Effect on India’s Health Services: A Commentary

Social Change ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-492
Author(s):  
Imrana Qadeer
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Using a comprehensive framework (the state’s will to deliver, its institutional strength and its legitimacy), this article assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public sector healthcare services in India. The power to deliver was explicit when the interventions were harsh, increasing the burden of death and disease on health services. But when it came to healthcare by the public sector we find a worsening of achievements of non-COVID ailments during the pandemic and an inability to tackle the second wave due to gaps in the nation's infrastructure, a centralised control undermining state authority; and visible results of a flawed policy that pushed further the agenda of making healthcare a profitable business.

scholarly journals Hegemony in Effective Communication on the Modern Health Services During Pregnancy, Give Birth, and Postpartum in Baduy Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ratih Ariningrum ◽  
Vita Kartika ◽  
Rozana Ika Agustiya ◽  
Choirum Latifah
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Organic Intellectual

Kanekes Village, where Baduy people live, is the biggest contributor to maternal deaths in the District of Lebak. Baduy awareness to check pregnancy at midwives has begun to increase, but for childbirth and childbirth examination has not been carried out. That is because there is a culture in the Baduy community regarding childbirth itself, as well as their adherence to the rules that have been issued by traditional leaders. The research uses a qualitative approach with the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. This study aims to examine the constraints and analyze the process of the formation of relationships between health workers, cadres, and heads of RT with the Baduy community in effective communication to improve modern health services during pregnancy, give birth, and postpartum in the Baduy community. The results showed that modern health services can be applied to the behavior of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperal of the Baduy community if the agents of change (organic intellectual) can change the idea of the modern health service into an ideology, then popular belief is obtained, then hegemony is formed from the agents of change. The final stage is that the country must be able to accommodate this effort. The efforts of agents of change (organic intellectuals) from the idea of modern health services to the created hegemony are sought by effective communication. Implementation of effective communication is pursued by provding explanations that are easily understood by the public through simulations.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PERAWAT PRAKTIK ATAS TINDAKAN PELAYANAN GAWAT DAN DARURAT PADA MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN DI DESA SUSUKAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Indra Yuliawan ◽  
Adhi Budi Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

<p class="Default">Tenaga kesehatan banyak mendapatkan sorotan dari masyarakat, karena kesehatan merupakan kebutuhan pokok manusia dan kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) ditentukan dua faktor yang saling berhubungan yakni pendidikan dan kesehatan. Kesehatan merupakan prasyarat utama agar upaya pendidikan berhasil, sebaliknya pendidikan yang diperoleh akan sangat mendukung tercapainya peningkatan status kesehatan seseorang. Sorotan masyarakat terhadap profesi tenaga kesehatan merupakan suatu kewajaran karena pelayanan kesehatan merupakan kebutuhan yang tidak bisa ditunda dan diabaikan.</p><p class="Default">Profesionalitas profesi kesehatan menjadi harga mati yang tidak boleh ditawar oleh siapapun, karena berhubungan dengan kebutuhan pokok manusia. Tenaga kesehatan terutama perawat dan  bidan sebagai profesi mempunyai tanggung jawab pokok pelayanan kesehatan. Perawat dan bidan  bertanggung jawab dalam bidang kesehatan secara preventif dan  harus mampu menangani berbagai macam pelayanan kesehatan bahkan pelayanan yang memerlukan tindakan darurat, dan melakukan rujukan yang cepat dan tepat.</p><p class="Default">Sebagai Subjek hukum keperanan perawat wajib dilindungi secara hukum. Perlindungan tersebut diperlukan manakala penanganan pertama yang dilakukan perawat dan bidan tidak dapat menyelamat nyawa seseorang dan kemudian ada kekecewaan dalam diri keluarga sang pasien terhadap tindakan bidan atau perawat tersebut. </p><p>Perawat yang mempunyai latar belakang ilmu kesehatan menjadi tujuan masyarakat bilamana ada anggota masyarakat sedang sakit, terlebih lagi jika tidak ada dokter di sekitarnya. Dalam kondisi seseorang sakit tentunya perawat tidak dapat menolak untuk membantu menyembuhkan bahkan menyelamatkan terlebih lagi dalam kondisi gawat bahkan darurat. </p><p>Health workers get a lot of attention from the public, because health is a basic human need and the quality of human resources (HR) determined two interrelated factors of education and health. Health is a major prerequisite for educational efforts to succeed, otherwise education will greatly support the achievement of improving one's health status. The public's spotlight on the health professional profession is a fairness because health care is a necessity that can not be postponed and ignored.</p><p>Professionalism of the health profession becomes a fixed price that no one can bargain for, because it deals with human needs. Health workers, especially nurses and midwives as professions have primary responsibility for health services. Nurses and midwives are in charge of health in a preventive manner and should be able to handle a wide range of health services and even services that require emergency measures, and make quick and precise referrals.</p><p>As the subject of nurses' law of nurses shall be protected by law. Such protection is necessary when the first handling of the nurse and midwife can not save a person's life and then there is disappointment in the patient's family for the actions of the midwife or nurse.</p><p>Nurses who have a health science background become a community goal when there are members of the community are sick, especially if there is no doctor around. In the condition of someone sick of course nurses can not refuse to help heal even rescue even more in emergency conditions even emergency.</p>

Developing High Quality Public Health Services Across the Union That Are Equally Accessible to All

2018 ◽  
pp. 1924-1947
Author(s):  
Androutsou Lorena ◽  
Androutsou Foulvia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Member State ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Health

Health systems are facing greater demands and challenges. Access to all with high-quality standards has been a key challenge for the European health systems, however, they are engaged to take care of the rights of those in need. This article aims to identify public health areas and values. It offers many opportunities to help policy and decision makers to write “policy briefs” and to clearly outline the rationale for action. It will pursuit to enhance local capacities and skills to plan, implement, evaluate and sustain system improvements. There is a need both at Member State and European levels to support the public health services to shape the future of health and healthcare.

Health services for health promotion and disease prevention

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-171
Author(s):  
Jenifer Smith ◽  
James Mapstone
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Service Providers ◽  
Prevention And Health Promotion ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Definition Of

The importance of social and environmental factors in determining the health status of a population provides the context for the role of health services in health promotion and disease prevention. Health service providers play important roles as advocates, leaders, and partners in disease prevention and health promotion strategies. The initial sections of this chapter discuss the definition of prevention, levels of prevention, and the place of population-wide and high-risk approaches. It then discusses some of the public health skills that are required in prevention programmes, including assessing needs and priorities, evidence of effectiveness, the role of behavioural and implementation sciences, and the importance of evaluation. The chapter illustrates these principles using examples from communicable and non-communicable disease control.

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