scholarly journals Function of ORFC of the polyketide synthase gene cluster on fatty acid accumulation in Schizochytrium limacinum SR21

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Shi ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Yixin Li ◽  
Xingyu Cao ◽  
Lijie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Overexpression Strain ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Schizochytrium Limacinum

Abstract Background As a potential source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), Schizochytrium sp. has been widely used in industry for PUFA production. Polyketide synthase (PKS) cluster is supposed to be the primary way of PUFA synthesis in Schizochytrium sp. As one of three open reading frames (ORF) in the PKS cluster, ORFC plays an essential role in fatty acid biosynthesis. However, the function of domains in ORFC in the fatty acid synthesis of Schizochytrium sp. remained unclear. Results In this study, heterologous expression and overexpression were carried out to study the role of ORFC and its domains in fatty acid accumulation. Firstly, ORFC was heterologously expressed in yeast which increased the PUFA content significantly. Then, the dehydratase (DH) and enoyl reductase (ER) domains located on ORFC were overexpressed in Schizochytrium limacinum SR21, respectively. Fatty acids profile analysis showed that the contents of PUFA and saturated fatty acid were increased in the DH and ER overexpression strains, respectively. This indicated that the DH and ER domains played distinct roles in lipid accumulation. Metabolic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that the pentose phosphate pathway and triacylglycerol biosynthesis were enhanced, while the tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acids oxidation were weakened in DH-overexpression strain. However, the opposite effect was found in the ER-overexpression strain. Conclusion Therefore, ORFC was required for the biosynthesis of fatty acid. The DH domain played a crucial role in PUFA synthesis, whereas the ER domain might be related to saturated fatty acids (SFA) synthesis in Schizochytrium limacinum SR21. This research explored the role of ORFC in the PKS gene cluster in Schizochytrium limacinum and provided potential genetic modification strategies for improving lipid production and regulating PUFA and SFA content.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-331-3p affects preadipocytes’ proliferation and differentiation and fatty acid accumulation in Laiwu pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Lixia Ma ◽  
Jihong Geng ◽  
Yongqing Zeng ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Acid Accumulation

The proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), hormones and other factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-331-3p on the proliferationand differentiation of preadipocytes in addition to fatty acid metabolism. The data indicated that miR-331-3p is a novel regulator of cellular differentiation. It was observed that miR-331-3p was capable of inhibiting cellular proliferation. Furthermore, miR-331-3p was highly expressed during cellular differentiation andappeared to promote the process. In addition, dual fluorescein analysis showed that dihydrolipoamideS-succinyltransferase (DLST) is a target gene of miR-331-3p, and over-expression of miR-331-3p could regulate the metabolism of fatty acids in the citrate pyruvate cycle by targeting DLST expression. In summary, these findings indicated that miR-331-3p exerts contrasting effects on the processes ofproliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-331-3p affects preadipocytes’ proliferation and differentiation and fatty acid accumulation in Laiwu pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Lixia Ma ◽  
Jihong Geng ◽  
Yongqing Zeng ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Acid Accumulation

The proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), hormones and other factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-331-3p on the proliferationand differentiation of preadipocytes in addition to fatty acid metabolism. The data indicated that miR-331-3p is a novel regulator of cellular differentiation. It was observed that miR-331-3p was capable of inhibiting cellular proliferation. Furthermore, miR-331-3p was highly expressed during cellular differentiation andappeared to promote the process. In addition, dual fluorescein analysis showed that dihydrolipoamideS-succinyltransferase (DLST) is a target gene of miR-331-3p, and over-expression of miR-331-3p could regulate the metabolism of fatty acids in the citrate pyruvate cycle by targeting DLST expression. In summary, these findings indicated that miR-331-3p exerts contrasting effects on the processes ofproliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes.

Fatty acid accumulation analysis based on transcriptome sequencing of developmental herbaceous peony ‘Hangshao’ ( Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’) seeds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiasong Meng ◽  
Yuhan Tang ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Jun Tao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongation ◽  
Paeonia Lactiflora ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Herbaceous Peony ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Acid Accumulation

Abstract Background: Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’ is widely cultivated in China because its root can be used to produce raw materials for traditional Chinese medicine ‘Radix Paeoniae Alba’. Due to the presence of abundant unsaturated fatty acids in its seed, it also can be regarded as a new oil plant. However, the process of the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid in herbaceous peony ‘Hangshao’ remained largely unknown. Therefore, transcriptome analysis is helpful to better understand the molecular mechanisms. Results: Five main fatty acids, stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, were detected, and their absolute contents increased first and then decreased during seed development. A total of 150,156 Unigenes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, with an average length of 1,030 bp. There were 1,550 Unigenes annotated in the seven functional databases including NR, NT, GO, KOG, KEGG, SwissProt and InterPro. Based on KEGG database, 1,766 Unigenes were annotated in the lipid metabolic pathways, among which 103, 74 and 70 Unigenes are annotated into fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, fatty acid elongation pathway and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway; respectively. A total of 1480 DEGs were detected. Among them, 83 DEGs were enriched in the fatty acid metabolism pathway, including 12 DEGs involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis and 1 DEG involved in fatty acid elongation. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression patterns of nine fatty acid biosynthetic related genes including FBCP, BC, FabD, FabF, FATB, KCR, FAD2, FAD3 and FAD7, and it showed that they all highest expressed at 45 DAF. Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive genomic resources characterizing herbaceous peony seeds gene expression at the transcriptional level. These data lay the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism of the lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid accumulation for herbaceous peony 'Hangshao'.

scholarly journals The Effect of MicroRNA-331-3p on Preadipocytes Proliferation and Differentiation and Fatty Acid Accumulation in Laiwu Pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Jingxiang Cui ◽  
Lixia Ma ◽  
Yongqing Zeng ◽  
Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Acid Accumulation

Objective. The proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), hormones, and other factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-331-3p on the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes in addition to fatty acid metabolism. Methods. Preadipocytes were transfected with miR-331-3p mimics, miR-NC, or miR-331-3p inhibitor to explore its effect on cell proliferation and fatty acid accumulation. Furthermore, preadipocytes were transfected with pre-miR-331-3p, pcDNA3.1(+), or miR-331-3p inhibitor to explore its effect on differentiation. Results. It was observed that miR-331-3p could inhibit preadipocytes proliferation. Furthermore, miR-331-3p was highly expressed during cellular differentiation and appeared to promote the process. In addition, dual fluorescein analysis showed that dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (DLST) is a target gene of miR-331-3p, and overexpression of miR-331-3p could regulate the metabolism of fatty acids in the citrate pyruvate cycle by targeting DLST expression. Conclusion. In summary, these findings indicated that miR-331-3p exerts contrasting effects on the processes of fat deposition.

Inhibition of polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in plants expressing a fatty acid epoxygenase

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Singh ◽  
S. Thomaeus ◽  
M. Lee ◽  
A. Green ◽  
S. Stymne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Seed Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Epoxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase

Earlier, we described the isolation of a Crepis palaestina cDNA (Cpal2) which encoded a Δ12-epoxygenase that could catalyse the synthesis of 12,13-epoxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid (18:1E) from linoleic acid (18:2). When the Cpal2 gene was expressed under the control of a seed-specific promoter in Arabidopsis plants were able to accumulate small amounts 18:1E and 12,13-epoxy-cis-9,15-octadec-2-enoic acid in their seed lipids. In this report we give results obtained from a detailed analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing the Cpal2 gene. The seeds from these plants accumulate varying levels of 18:1E, but show a marked increase in 18:1 and equivalent decrease in 18:2 and 18:3. We further observed that the co-expression of a C. palaestina Δ12-desaturase in Arabidopsis appears to return the relative proportions of the C18 seed fatty acids to normal levels and results in a 2-fold increase in total epoxy fatty acids.

scholarly journals Discrimination between chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistant plants based on measurements of free fatty acid accumulation and inactivation of oxygen evolution in aged chloroplasts.

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Saczyńska ◽  
J Kargul ◽  
Z Kaniuga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity ◽  
Isolated Chloroplasts

The effect of aging of isolated chloroplasts of two chilling-sensitive (CS) and three chilling-resistant (CR) plants on the inactivation of oxygen evolution and accumulation of free fatty acids (FFA) was studied at 30 degrees C, pH 5.5 or 7.0, in the absence or presence of either sorbitol or NaCl. Considerable accumulation of FFA in aged chloroplasts of CS plants: bean and maize line F7-RpIII was accompanied by a marked inactivation of oxygen evolution. This relation was not, however, found in chloroplasts of CR species: pea, wheat and maize line EP1-RpI, in which the accumulation of FFA upon aging was very low whereas the decline of the rate of oxygen evolution was pronounced. In contrast to changes observed at pH 5.5, the inactivation of oxygen evolution in chloroplasts of CR species aged at pH 7.0 was dependent on the composition of the medium, especially in wheat chloroplasts. Thus, for the evaluation of chilling sensitivity based on the measurements of oxygen evolution activity solely, either aging of chloroplasts at pH 5.5 or possibly at pH 7.0 with NaCl included into the incubation medium may be recommended. It is concluded that determination of both the extent of FFA accumulation and inactivation of oxygen evolution in aged chloroplasts might be applied as chilling tolerance indexes.

Biochemical changes in unilateral brain injury in the rat: A possible role of free fatty acid accumulation

1976 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Kuwashima ◽  
Buichi Fujitani ◽  
Keiji Nakamura ◽  
Toshiaki Kadokawa ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Unilateral Brain

scholarly journals FSMP-15. EVALUATING THE ROLE OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACID METABOLISM IN PROMOTING GLIOBLASTOMA GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i19-i19
Author(s):  
Divya Ravi ◽  
Carmen del Genio ◽  
Haider Ghiasuddin ◽  
Arti Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Exogenous Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBM) or Stage IV gliomas, are the most aggressive of primary brain tumors and are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Patients diagnosed with this lethal cancer have a dismal survival rate of 14 months and a 5-year survival rate of 5.6% despite a multimodal therapeutic approach, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Aberrant lipid metabolism, particularly abnormally active de novo fatty acid synthesis, is recognized to have a key role in tumor progression and chemoresistance in cancers. Previous studies have reported a high expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in patient tumors, leading to multiple investigations of FASN inhibition as a treatment strategy. However, none of these have developed as efficacious therapies. Furthermore, when we profiled FASN expression using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) we determined that high FASN expression in GBM patients did not confer a worse prognosis (HR: 1.06; p-value: 0.51) and was not overexpressed in GBM tumors compared to normal brain. Therefore, we need to reexamine the role of exogenous fatty acid uptake over de novofatty acid synthesis as a potential mechanism for tumor progression. Our study aims to measure and compare fatty acid oxidation (FAO) of endogenous and exogenous fatty acids between GBM patients and healthy controls. Using TCGA, we have identified the overexpression of multiple enzymes involved in mediating the transfer and activation of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in GBM tumors compared to normal brain tissue. We are currently conducting metabolic flux studies to (1) assess the biokinetics of LCFA degradation and (2) establish exogenous versus endogenous LCFA preferences between patient-derived primary GBM cells and healthy glial and immune cells during steady state and glucose-deprivation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Brunschwig ◽  
François Xavier Collard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽  
Phila Raharivelomanana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

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