Reservoir hosts for Gyrodactylus salaris may play a more significant role in epidemics than previously thought

Rodents are known to be reservoir hosts for a plethora of zoonotic viruses and therefore play a significant role in the dissemination of these pathogens. We trapped three vole species (Microtus arvalis, Alexandromys oeconomus and Microtus agrestis) in northeastern Poland, all of which are widely distributed species in Europe. Using immunofluorescence assays, we assessed serum samples for the presence of antibodies to hantaviruses, arenaviruses and cowpox viruses (CPXV). We detected antibodies against CPXV and Puumala hantavirus (PUUV), the overall seroprevalence of combined viral infections being 18.2% [10.5–29.3] and mostly attributed to CPXV. We detected only one PUUV/TULV cross-reaction in Microtus arvalis (1.3% [0.1–7.9]), but found similar levels of antibodies against CPXV in all three vole species. There were no significant differences in seroprevalence of CPXV among host species and age categories, nor between the sexes. These results contribute to our understanding of the distribution and abundance of CPXV in voles in Europe, and confirm that CPXV circulates also in Microtus and Alexandromys voles in northeastern Poland.

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Economic Views of L. Trotsky

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2004-11-142-157 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 142-157

Author(s):

M. Voeikov ◽

S. Dzarasov

Keyword(s):

Civil War ◽

20Th Century ◽

Significant Role ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Russian Revolution ◽

Russian History ◽

History Of

The paper written in the light of 125th birth anniversary of L. Trotsky analyzes the life and ideas of one of the most prominent figures in the Russian history of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Russian revolution in its Bolshevik period, worked with V. Lenin and played a significant role in the Civil War. Rejected by the party bureaucracy L. Trotsky led uncompromising struggle against Stalinism, defending his own understanding of the revolutionary ideals. The authors try to explain these events in historical perspective, avoiding biases of both Stalinism and anticommunism.

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The Role of Muslim Women in Civil Society In Promoting Values and Principles for Building Peace: Action Guide from The Qur’ān

Sains Insani ◽

10.33102/jsi2019.4.1.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 30-36

Author(s):

Che Amnah Bahari ◽

Fatimah Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

Lifelong Learning ◽

Significant Role ◽

Textual Analysis ◽

Muslim Women ◽

Peace Building ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Pluralistic Society ◽

Women And Children

The whole world, the Muslim in particular has witnessed conflicts in different areas, which have hindered the developmental efforts of the nations concerned. It should be learned that most victims of these conflicts are women and children. This article attempts to elaborate the role of Muslims Women as a crucial segment in civil society in initiating peace building through nurturing process. It maintains that the adoption of the principles and values derived from the Qur’ān and Sunnah of the Prophet is necessary as a process of lifelong learning. Those identified values constituted the framework of this article and it adopts the textual analysis method. This article concludes that through the implementation of those values and frameworks for peace building, women as one of the important segments of civil society are able to play significant role towards initiating peace building and promoting peaceful co-existence in pluralistic society. Abstrak: Dunia Islam khususnya telah menyaksikan konflik di pelbagai daerah yang berbeza. Konflik ini telah menghalang usaha kearah pembangunan Kawasan yang berkenaan. Kebanyakan mangsa konflik ini adalah wanita dan kanak-kanak. Artikel ini cuba untuk menghuraikan peranan wanita Islam sebagai segmen penting dalam masyarakat madani dalam membangun proses kedamaian dengan mendidik dan memupuk prinsip dan nilai murni janaan al-Qur’an. Penggunaan prinsip dan nilai yang dikutip dari ayat-ayat Qur'an dan hadis Rasulullah adalah keperluan yang mendesak sebagai wadah bagi proses pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Nilai-nilai yang dikenal pasti merupakan rangka kerja artikel ini, dan metod yang dirujuk adalah analisis teks. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahawa melalui pelaksanaan nilai-nilai dan kerangka kerja Islam bagi proses kedamaian, wanita Islam dalam masyarakat madani mampu memainkan peranan penting dalam memulakan pembinaan keamanan dan menggalakkan kehidupan yang harmonis, sejahtera dan saling bantu membantu dalam masyarakat majmuk.

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Ethnic niching in a segmented labour market: Evidence from Spain

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v9i3.96 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 249-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mikolaj Stanek ◽

Alberto Veira

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Labour Market ◽

Significant Role ◽

Immigrant Workers ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Immigrant Communities ◽

Logit Models ◽

Human And Social Capital

Using the Spanish National Immigrant Survey (NIS-2007) we identify the ethnic niches where workers from five main immigrant communities concentrate. We then implement logit models in order to assess how structural factors and human and social capital variables affect the odds of working in these niches. We observe that the strong segmentation of the Spanish labour market strongly favours the concentration of immigrants in certain occupational niches. Nevertheless, variables related to human and social capital still play a significant role in the placement of immigrant workers in different niches, all of which are not equally attractive.

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The impact of cultural factors on attachment dynamics: a view from Irish society

Attachment New Directions in Psychotherapy and Relational Psychoanalysis ◽

10.33212/att.v13n2.2019.207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 207-223

Author(s):

Michael O’Toole

Keyword(s):

Significant Role ◽

Emotional Development ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Seamus Heaney ◽

Irish Society ◽

Irish Context ◽

Key Points ◽

The Many ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

In this article I examine aspects of the relationship between mothers and sons from an attachment perspective in an Irish context. Through the works of Irish writers such as Seamus Heaney, John McGahern, and Colm Tóibín, I focus on particular aspects of this relationship, which fails to support the developmental processes of separation and individuation in the many men who come to me for psychotherapy. I illustrate key points concerning this attachment dynamic through the use of clinical examples of my work with two men from my practice. While acknowledging that many other cultural factors play a significant role in the emotional development of children, integrating the work of our poets, novelists, and scholars with an attachment perspective

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Chapter 11: General epidemiology of TBE

Tick-borne encephalitis - The Book ◽

10.33442/26613980_11-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Eastern Siberia ◽

Genetic Lineages ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽

Natural Foci ◽

Genetic Sequences ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽

Almost All ◽

Far Eastern ◽

Reservoir Hosts

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) exists in natural foci, which are areas where TBEV is circulating among its vectors (ticks of different species and genera) and reservoir hosts (usually rodents and small mammals). Based on phylogenetic studies, four TBEV subtypes (Far-Eastern, Siberian, European, Baikalian) and two putative subtypes (Himalayan and “178-79” group) are known. Within each subtype, some genetic lineages are described. The European subtype (TBEV-EU) (formerly known also as the “Western subtype”) of TBEV is prevalent in Europe, but it was also isolated in Western and Eastern Siberia in Russia and South Korea. The Far-Eastern subtype (TBEV-FE) was preferably found in the territory of the far-eastern part of Eurasia, but some strains were isolated in other regions of Eurasia. The Siberian (TBEV-SIB) subtype is the most common and has been found in almost all TBEV habitat areas. The Baikalian subtype is prevalent around Lake Baikal and was isolated several times from ticks and rodents. In addition to the four TBEV subtypes, one single isolate of TBEV (178-79) and two genetic sequences (Himalayan) supposed to be new TBEV subtypes were described in Eastern Siberia and China. The data on TBEV seroprevalence in humans and animals can serve as an indication for the presence or absence of TBEV in studied area.

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POLICY CHANGE – THE ROLE OF IDEAS AND POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

Jurnal Politik Pemerintahan Dharma Praja ◽

10.33701/jppdp.v11i2.398 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Arwanto Arwanto ◽

Wike Anggraini

Keyword(s):

Policy Change ◽

Significant Role ◽

Policy Process ◽

Policy Entrepreneurs ◽

Multiple Streams ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Problem Framing ◽

Exogenous Factors ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

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A Good Sentencing Precedent is Hard to Find

Federal Sentencing Reporter ◽

10.1525/fsr.2020.32.3.138 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 138-144

Author(s):

Brian A. Jacobs

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Significant Role ◽

College Admissions ◽

The Body ◽

Federal Law ◽

Criminal Cases ◽

Federal Sentencing

In federal criminal cases, federal law requires that judges consider the sentences other courts have imposed in factually similar matters. Courts and parties, however, face significant challenges in finding applicable sentencing precedents because judges do not typically issue written sentencing opinions, and transcripts of sentencings are not readily available in advanced searchable databases. At the same time, particularly since the Supreme Court’s 2005 decision in United States v. Booker, sentencing precedent has come to play a significant role in federal sentencing proceedings. By way of example, this article discusses recent cases involving defendants with gambling addictions, and recent cases involving college admissions or testing fraud. The article explores the ways the parties in those cases have used sentencing precedent in their advocacy, as well as the ways the courts involved have used sentencing precedent to justify their decisions. Given the important role of sentencing precedent in federal criminal cases, the article finally looks at ways in which the body of sentencing law could be made more readily available to parties and courts alike.

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The Role and Importance of Book Culture in the Activities of the Czech Slovakophile Movement in the 19th Century

Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum ◽

10.2478/amnpsc-2018-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (3-4) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

Nadežda Jurčišinová

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Significant Role ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

National Defence ◽

Book Culture

An important role in the activities of the Slovakophile movement, which was born in Bohemia and Moravia at the end of the 1870s, was played by book culture. Especially by means of books and articles in magazines, Czech Slovakophiles acquainted the wider Czech public with the position of Slovaks in Hungary and aroused interest in the development of Czech-Slovak solidarity. A significant role in this activity was played by the national-defence and Slovakophile association Czechoslovak Unity in Prague (1896–1914), which would send the Slovaks books and magazines, and even the entire libraries. Cooperation in this area was supported even by T. G. Masaryk, but especially by such Slovakophiles as Rudolf Pokorný, Josef Holeček, Adolf Heyduk, Karel Kálal, Jaroslav Vlček, František Pastrnek and František Bílý.

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International Relations at the Beginning of the XX Century in the Works of Vladimir Mikhailovich Khvostov

Journal of Educational and Social Research ◽

10.2478/jesr-2019-0074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 218-221

Author(s):

Albina Imamutdinova ◽

Nikita Kuvshinov ◽

Elena Andreeva ◽

Elena Venidiktova

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

International Relations ◽

Significant Role ◽

Research Activities ◽

History Of

Abstract The article discusses the research activities of Vladimir Mikhailovich Khvostov, his creative legacy on issues and problems of international relations of the early ХХ century; the life of V.M. Khvostov, characterization and evolution of his approaches and views on the history of international relations, foreign policy. A prominent organizer and theorist in the field of pedagogical Sciences, academician Vladimir Mikhailovich Khvostov played a significant role in the formation of the Academy of pedagogical Sciences of the USSR – the all-Union center of pedagogical thought. As its first President, he paid great attention to the development and improvement of the system of humanitarian education in the school, taking into account all the tasks and requirements imposed by the practice of Communist construction in our country. In his reports and speeches at various scientific sessions and conferences, he repeatedly emphasized the exceptional importance of social Sciences in the training of not only educated girls and boys, but also in the formation of politically literate youth.

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