Probability of dengue transmission and propagation in a non-endemic temperate area: conceptual model and decision risk levels for early alert, prevention and control

Abstract Background In fulfilling the COVID-19 containment, primary health care (PHC) facilities in China played an important role. We sought to investigate the exact tasks performed at the PHC facilities and the processes of COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods Semi-structured face-to-face interviews for primary care physicians (PCPs) and a simple survey for residents were conducted in the field survey. Based-on purposive stratified sampling, 32 PCPs were selected from 22 PHC facilities in Wuhan as a high-risk city, in Shanghai as medium-risk city and in Zunyi as low-risk city. In the field survey, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with PCPs to summarize the tasks of COVID-19 prevention and control at the PHC facilities. A simple survey was used to investigate the local residents’ awareness about COVID-19 prevention and control.Results In pre-outbreak period, the PHC facilities mainly engaged in storing medical supplies; in out-break period, they were responsible for screening, transferring, quarantine and treatment; in regular prevention and control period, attention was given to the employees and items of cold-chain & fresh food markets, etc. In Wuhan, PHC facilities focused on graded diagnoses and treatments of patients; in Shanghai, they were mainly engaged in at-home/centralized quarantine; in Zunyi, they focused on the screening of high-risk individuals. In urban areas, COVID-19 were more likely to be transmitted; in urban-rural areas, it was difficult to perform screening on the migrant populations; in rural areas, the risk was much lower. The community residents had satisfactory compliance with the preventive measures.Conclusion We identified differences in the prevention and control tasks performed at the PHC facilities in China. During the different phases of the pandemic, the tasks were adjusted depending on the gradually comprehensive understanding of COVID-19. Among the cities at different risk levels, screening, quarantine, transferring or treatment was chosen to be a priority accordingly. Located in different intra-city geographic locations at different risk levels, the PHC facilities conducted their own tasks accordingly. Additionally, compliance on the part of the local community residents could not be overemphasized in COVID-19 prevention and control.

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Understanding dengue transmission by using participatory research and community-focused strategies for prevention and control in Bangladesh

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/1471-2334-12-s1-p92 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Parnali Dhar Chowdhury ◽

Emdad Haque

Keyword(s):

Participatory Research ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Dengue Transmission ◽

And Control

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Prevention Practice on Dengue and Dengue Seroprevalence in a Dengue Hotspot in Sabah, East Malaysia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1066975/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rhanye Mac Guad ◽

Maw Shin Sim ◽

Yuan Seng Wu ◽

Yin Nwe Aung ◽

Wah Yun Low ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Health Concern ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Seroprevalence Study ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Dengue Transmission ◽

East Malaysia ◽

Dengue Prevention ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Dengue, a major global public health concern, is growing more prevalent. Extensive measures have been undertaken to prevent and control dengue transmission in Malaysia including understanding and modification of human behaviour. This study was designed to assist in planning an effective health intervention for dengue by measuring residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) in hotspot areas of Sabah, East Malaysia. Methods: A community-based and cross-sectional study was conducted at dengue hotspot area in Sabah involving 463 residents (aged 18 years and above). Information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the residents and their KAP towards dengue was collected using a structured pre-validated questionnaire developed by the researchers. In addition, residents were invited to participate in a dengue seroprevalence study using dengue Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA kit. Results: Most of the residents correctly identified common signs and symptoms of dengue such as fever (84.4%), chills (70.7%), and nausea or vomiting (56.0%). Nearly half of the residents (51.3%) had good knowledge, 66.0% had a positive attitude, and 63.7% had a positive practice for dengue prevention and control, respectively. The dengue seroprevalence study included 200 of the 463 residents; IgG and IgM seropositivity was 74.1% (n = 63) and 7.1% (n = 6) respectively. Based on logistic regression analysis, local and migrants differs considerably in terms of their knowledge and attitude toward dengue prevention and control, while gender and level of education were predictive of practice level (p<0.05) among all sociodemographic variables examined. Knowledge was correlated with attitude (p<0.0001) and practice (p< 0.0014). Discussion: To combat dengue epidemics in the hotspot area of Sabah, a proactive and behavioural changes among residents, are required. To effectively prevent and manage dengue transmission, a collaborative effort of government sectors, private sectors, housing residential committees, and community residents is essential.

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Knowledge-Based System for Malaria Prevention and Control : A Conceptual Model

2018 International Conference on Sustainable Information Engineering and Technology (SIET) ◽

10.1109/siet.2018.8693157 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Dinda Lestarini ◽

Sarifah Putri Raflesia ◽

Indah Puspita ◽

Phey Liana ◽

Andra Kurnianto

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Model ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Malaria Prevention ◽

Knowledge Based System ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

And Control

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Main Pathogens Affecting the State of Health of Fruit Tree Nurseries in Transylvania Region

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9755 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 352-358

Author(s):

Bianca BORDEANU ◽

Ioan OROIAN ◽

Antonia ODAGIU ◽

Ioan BRASOVEAN ◽

Cristian IEDERAN

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Venturia Inaequalis ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

State Of Health ◽

Podosphaera Leucotricha ◽

Sloping Lands ◽

And Control

TransylvaniaÂ Region,Â dueÂ toÂ itsÂ climatic conditionsÂ representsÂ aÂ propitiousÂ regionÂ forÂ fruit treesÂ nurseriesÂ thatÂ produceÂ fruitÂ plantingÂ material.Â ProspectsÂ forÂ fruitÂ treeÂ nurseriesÂ areÂ huge considering the very large areas of sloping lands, often with bound soils for perennial crops, as trees andÂ shrubs.Â CurrentlyÂ inÂ TransylvaniaÂ Region,Â fruitÂ treeÂ nurseriesÂ occupyÂ aÂ percentageÂ ofÂ 15.78Â % reportedÂ toÂ theÂ percentageÂ ofÂ treeÂ nurseriesÂ inÂ Romania.Â Â Â TheÂ mainÂ pathogensÂ identifiedÂ in TransylvaniaÂ regionÂ atÂ appleÂ andÂ pearÂ nurseries:Â forÂ AppleÂ nurseries:Â AppleÂ scabÂ (Venturia Inaequalis),Â AppleÂ BrownÂ RotÂ (MoniliniaÂ fructigena),Â AppleÂ powderyÂ mildewÂ (Podosphaera leucotricha)Â andÂ forÂ pearÂ nurseries:Â PearÂ scabÂ (VenturiaÂ pirina),Â Â PearÂ leafÂ spotÂ (Mycosphaerella sentina), Pear blossom blast (Pseudomonas syringae). ThisÂ paper aimsÂ toi dentifyÂ theÂ main pathogens in fruit nurseriesÂ inÂ Transylvania, in the context of climate change, and to develop a conceptual model of prevention and control of pathogens attack.

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Bionomics and insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus in Shandong, a high latitude and high-risk dengue transmission area in China

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-020-3880-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hongmei Liu ◽

Luhong Liu ◽

Peng Cheng ◽

Linlin Yang ◽

Junhu Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Larval Density ◽

Control Measures ◽

World Health ◽

Phenotypic Resistance ◽

Dengue Transmission ◽

The Government ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Dengue fever outbreaks tend to spread northward in China, and Jining is the northernmost region where local dengue fever cases have been detected. Therefore, it is important to investigate the density of Aedes albopictus and its resistance to deltamethrin. Methods The Breteau index (BI) and container index (CI) were calculated to assess the larval density of Ae. albopictus and human-baited double net trap (HDN) surveillance was performed in six subordinate counties (Rencheng, Yanzhou, Sishui, Liangshan, Zoucheng and Jiaxiang) of Jining City in 2017 and 2018. The resistance of Ae. albopictus adults to deltamethrin was evaluated using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard resistance bioassay. The mutations at Vgsc codons 1532 and 1534 were also analysed to determine the association between kdr mutations and phenotypic resistance in adult mosquitoes. Results The average BI, CI and biting rate at Jining were 45.30, 16.02 and 1.97 (female /man/hour) in 2017 and 15.95, 7.86 and 0.59 f/m/h in 2018, respectively. In August 26, 2017, when the first dengue fever case was diagnosed, the BI at Qianli village in Jiaxiang County was 107.27. The application of prevention and control measures by the government sharply decreased the BI to a value of 4.95 in September 3, 2017. The mortality of field-collected Ae. albopictus females from Jiaxiang was 41.98%. I1532T, F1534L and F1534S mutations were found in domain III of the Vgsc gene. This study provides the first demonstration that both I1532T and F1534S mutations are positively correlated with the deltamethrin-resistant phenotype. Conclusions Mosquito density surveillance, resistance monitoring and risk assessment should be strengthened in areas at risk for dengue to ensure the sustainable control of Ae. albopictus and thus the prevention and control of dengue transmission.

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Prevention and control strategies for the post-pandemic era: finding a balance between COVID-19 and reviving medical service

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.13634 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (08) ◽

pp. 1074-1079

Author(s):

Shuang Liu ◽

Yan Ren ◽

Hong Li ◽

Yue Liu ◽

Jiao Shan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Medical Services ◽

Infection Prevention And Control ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Risk Levels ◽

And Control

Introduction: Public life in China is gradually returning to normal with strong measures in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) control. Because of the long-term effects of COVID-19, medical institutions had to make timely adjustments to control policies and priorities to balance between COVID-19 prevention and daily medical services. Methodology: The framework for infection prevention and control in the inpatient department was effectively organized at both hospital and department levels. A series of prevention and control strategies was implemented under this leadership: application of rigorous risk assessment and triage before admission through a query list; classifying patients into three risk levels and providing corresponding medical treatment and emergency handling; establishing new ward visiting criteria for visitors; designing procedures for PPE and stockpile management; executing specialized disinfection and medical waste policies. Results: Till June 2020, the bed occupancy had recovered from 20.0% to 88.1%. In total, 13045 patients were received in our hospital, of which 54 and 127 patients were identified as high-risk and medium-risk, respectively, and 2 patients in the high-risk group were eventually laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19. No hospital-acquired infection of COVID-19 has been observed since the emergency appeared. Conclusions: The strategies ensured early detection and targeted prevention of COVID-19 following the COVID-19 pandemic, which improved the recovery of medical services after the pandemic.

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Penggunaan Insektisida Rumah Tangga untuk Mencegah dan Mengendalikan Aedes aegypti di Permukiman di Provinsi Sumatera Utara

BALABA JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA ◽

10.22435/blb.v16i1.2668 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105-112

Author(s):

Sunaryo Sunaryo ◽

Dyah Widiastuti

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Control Activity ◽

Dengue Transmission ◽

Dengue Prevention ◽

And Control ◽

North Sumatra

Dengue prevention and control still depend on insecticides usage. Household insecticides were the most preferable choice to prevent and control Aedes aegypti at settlements. The purpose of this study was to analyze the usage of household insecticides to prevent and control Ae. aegypti in settlement, especially in North Sumatra Province. The research was conducted during April-November 2015. The larvae examination and interviews were conducted on 900 respondents in three districts in North Sumatra Province (Tebing Tinggi, Pematang Siantar and Deli Serdang). The results of the study showed that the house index, container index, breteau index and densty figure in three districts were revealed that the regions were at moderate and high risk of dengue transmission. Most people in three districts use household insecticide at night to prevent dengue transmission. In conclusion, the household insecticides usage by the community in North Sumatra Province is ineffective to Ae. aegypti prevent and control in settlements, because the community only use adulticide and the time of use of insecticide is not in accordance with the activities of Ae. aegypti to transmit DHF during the daytime without any larva control activity.

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