scholarly journals Molecular detection and risk factors for Anaplasma platys infection in dogs from Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Selim ◽  
Hamdan Almohammed ◽  
Abdelhamed Abdelhady ◽  
Abdulaziz Alouffi ◽  
Fahdah Ayed Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Anaplasma Platys ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Anaplasma platys is a tick-borne bacterium which infects blood platelets of dogs, causing canine cyclic thrombocytopenia. The disease is distributed worldwide, particularly in the tropics and subtropics, but information on the epidemiology of A. platys infection in dogs is fragmentary in many countries, including Egypt. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with A. platys infection in dogs from Egypt. Methods A conventional PCR targeting a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of A. platys was used to screen 500 dogs from five North Egyptian governorates. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed for one of the positive samples. Results The overall prevalence of A. platys in the studied dogs was 6.4%. Females of the German shepherd breed without veterinary care had higher odds for A. platys positivity. High tick infestation and lack of anti-tick treatment were also identified as risk factors for A. platys infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequence obtained herein was closely related to sequences from Egypt, South Africa and Uruguay. Conclusions This is the first large-scale epidemiological study of A. platys in Egypt, where female German shepherd dogs without veterinary care, as well as dogs with high tick infestation and without anti-tick treatment are at a higher risk of infection. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Selim ◽  
Abdullah D. Alanazi ◽  
Alireza Sazmand ◽  
Domenico Otranto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Background Dogs play an important role as reservoirs of many zoonotic vector-borne pathogens worldwide, yet reports of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) in Egypt are scarce. Methods Serum samples were collected from pet dogs (n = 500) of the three most common breeds (German Shepherd, Rottweiler and Pit Bull) in five Governates of Cairo (n = 230), Giza (n = 110), Al-Qalyubia (n = 60), Al-Gharbia (n = 60) and Kafr El-Sheikh (n = 40) with a hot desert climate. The presence of antibodies to Anaplasma spp. (A. phagocytophilum, A. platys), Ehrlichia spp. (E. canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii), Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) and Dirofilaria immitis were assessed using IDEXX SNAP® 4Dx® ELISA tests. For each pathogen, risk factors (i.e. geographical area, keeping condition, sex, age, breed, tick infestation, weekly sanitation of dog enclosures and application of ectoparasiticides) were evaluated by logistic regression approach. Results In total, 18.2% (n = 91, 95% CI 15.1–21.8) of dogs scored seropositive for at least one pathogen, the most frequent being Ehrlichia spp. (n = 56; 11.2%; 95% CI 8.7–14.3) followed by Anaplasma spp. (n = 33; 6.6%, 95% CI 4.7–9.1), Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) (n = 9; 1.8%, 95% CI 0.9–3.4) and D. immitis (n = 7; 1.4%, 95% CI 0.9–2.9). In the tested population, 15.4% (95% CI 12.5–18.8) of dogs were exposed to a single pathogen while 2.4 (95% CI 1.4–4.2) and 0.4% (95% CI 0.1–1.4) were simultaneously exposed to two or three pathogens, respectively. Major risk factors associated with VBDs were living outdoors (Anaplasma spp., P = 0.0001; Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.0001), female sex (Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.005), German Shepherd breed (Anaplasma spp., P = 0.04; Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.03), tick infestation (Anaplasma spp., P = 0.0001; Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.0001; B. burgdorferi (s.l.), P = 0.003; D. immitis, P = 0.02), irregular sanitation (Anaplasma spp., P = 0.0001; Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.0001; B. burgdorferi (s.l.), P = 0.002; D. immitis, P = 0.01) and not using ectoparasiticides (Anaplasma spp., P = 0.0001; Ehrlichia spp., P = 0.0001; B. burgdorferi (s.l.), P = 0.007). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale seroepidemiological study of CVBDs in Egypt. Considering that all of the detected pathogens are potentially zoonotic, effective ectoparasite control strategies, regular examination of pet dogs and successful chemoprophylaxis are advocated.

Detection of Theileria species infecting equine population in Punjab by 18S rRNA PCR

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Sumbria ◽  
L. D. Singla ◽  
Amrita Sharma ◽  
Paramjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Present study demonstrates the prevalence and risk factors of infection to equines with Theileria species in Punjab, (India). The prevalence by thin blood film examination and Polymerase chain reactions based molecular assay was 4.17 and 33.33%, respectively. PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene of Theileria sp. produced high fidelity 1,100 bp amplification products with 100% sensitivity to blood films. The assessment of various risk factors revealed the prevalence of Theileria sp. to be uniformly distributed in equine population; the age of host animal being apparently the most influential factor for infection (Odds ratio= 1.6154, P= 0.41). The multiple sequence alignment revealed that the primer pair used could perceive the presence of wide range of species of Theileria genus; however the phylogenetic analysis of the custom sequenced amplicons clustered in one node with diverse Theileria equi isolates indicating the evolutionary homology.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with tick infestations on equids in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with notes on Rickettsia massiliae detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Ali ◽  
Hafsa Zahid ◽  
Ismail Zeb ◽  
Muhammad Tufail ◽  
Sulaiman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Rickettsia Massiliae ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Studies on ticks infesting equids are lacking in various parts of the world, including Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of ticks infesting equids, associated risk factors and rickettsial detection in ticks from equids in KP. Methods Inspection of 404 equid hosts from November 2018 to October 2019 resulted in the collection of 550 ticks. Data on tick-associated risk factors were collected from equid owners by means of a questionnaire. After morphological identification, partial DNA sequences of the tick mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene were used for taxonomic confirmation of species. Partial sequences of the gltA and ompA genes were used for Rickettsia detection in ticks. Results A total of 550 tick specimens were collected on 324 (80.2%) of the equids inspected, of which 161 were horses (50%), 145 (45%) were donkeys and 18 were mules (5%). The ticks were identified as belonging to the following five species: Rhipicephalus microplus (341 specimens, 62% of the total ticks), Rh. haemaphysaloides (126, 23%), Rh. turanicus (39, 7%), Rh. sanguineus (s.l.) (33, 6%) and Hyalomma anatolicum (11, 2%). The most prevalent tick life stage was adult females (279, 51%) followed by adult males (186, 34%) and nymphs (85, 15%). Higher tick infestations were observed on male equids (relative risk [RR] 0.7432, P < 0.0005) and adult equids (RR 1.268, P < 0.0020). Ticks were frequently attached to the axial region of horses (55, 21%), sternum of donkeys (44, 21%) and belly of mules (19, 23%) (P < 0.04). Temporal patterns of tick infestation in association with temperature and humidity were highly significant (P < 0.05). Risk factors, such as animal housing (P < 0.0003), living management (P < 0.006), grazing type (P < 0.01) and location in hilly areas (P < 0.02), significantly enhanced the chances for tick infestation. Tick species analyzed in this study were phylogenetically related to species from Afghanistan, China, South Africa and Taiwan. Partial sequences of the gltA and ompA genes obtained from Rh. microplus and Rh. haemaphysaloides were 100% identical to the spotted fever group pathogen Rickettsia massiliae. Conclusions Equids exposed to significant risk factors were infected by one or more of at least five tick species in KP, Pakistan, and some of the ticks harbored the human pathogen R. massiliae. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals A Note on Risk Factors for Calf Mortality in Large-Scale Dairy Farms in the Tropics : A Case Study on Rift Valley Area of Kenya

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. Bebe ◽  
S. A. Abdulrazak ◽  
P. O. Ogore ◽  
J. O. Ondiek ◽  
T. Fujihara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Valley Area

scholarly journals Detection and genetic characterization of Giardia duodenalis in pigs from large-scale farms in Xinjiang, China

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Bo Jing ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Xu ◽  
Dongfang Li ◽  
Jinming Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Pcr Targeting

To study the presence of Giardia duodenalis in Xinjiang, northwest China, we collected 801 fecal specimens from seven large-scale pig farms and screened them using PCR targeting the SSU rRNA gene. Twenty-one (2.6%) of the specimens from five farms were G. duodenalis-positive, with a significant difference in prevalence among different farms (0–8.7%) (p < 0.01). Giardia duodenalis prevalence was highest in fattening pigs (5.4%, 7/129), followed by sows (3.2%, 7/222), post-weaning piglets (1.8%, 5/281), and pre-weaning piglets (1.2%, 2/169), but there was no significant difference in prevalence among the age groups (p > 0.05). Sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA gene revealed that the 21 G. duodenalis strains belonged to three assemblages: A (n = 2), B (n = 16), and E (n = 3). Assemblage B was the predominant assemblage and was widely distributed in all G. duodenalis-positive farms and age groups. All G. duodenalis-positive specimens were further assayed at the β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes, and two tpi, four gdh, and two bg sequences were identified. These data indicate that pigs may be a zoonotic risk and can potentially spread G. duodenalis infection from animals to humans.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of Cercospora and Mycosphaerella Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of Ribosomal DNA

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 648-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Goodwin ◽  
Larry D. Dunkle ◽  
Victoria L. Zismann
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Separate Species

Most of the 3,000 named species in the genus Cercospora have no known sexual stage, although a Mycosphaerella teleomorph has been identified for a few. Mycosphaerella is an extremely large and important genus of plant pathogens, with more than 1,800 named species and at least 43 associated anamorph genera. The goal of this research was to perform a large-scale phylogenetic analysis to test hypotheses about the past evolutionary history of Cercospora and Mycosphaerella. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data (ITS1, 5.8S rRNA gene, ITS2), the genus Mycosphaerella is monophyletic. In contrast, many anamorph genera within Mycosphaerella were polyphyletic and were not useful for grouping species. One exception was Cercospora, which formed a highly supported monophyletic group. Most Cercospora species from cereal crops formed a subgroup within the main Cercospora cluster. Only species within the Cercospora cluster produced the toxin cercosporin, suggesting that the ability to produce this compound had a single evolutionary origin. Intraspecific variation for 25 taxa in the Mycosphaerella clade averaged 1.7 nucleotides (nts) in the ITS region. Thus, isolates with ITS sequences that differ by two or more nucleotides may be distinct species. ITS sequences of groups I and II of the gray leaf spot pathogen Cercospora zeae-maydis differed by 7 nts and clearly represent different species. There were 6.5 nt differences on average between the ITS sequences of the sorghum pathogen Cercospora sorghi and the maize pathogen Cercospora sorghi var. maydis, indicating that the latter is a separate species and not simply a variety of Cercospora sorghi. The large monophyletic Mycosphaerella cluster contained a number of anamorph genera with no known teleomorph associations. Therefore, the number of anamorph genera related to Mycosphaerella may be much larger than suspected previously.

2258-PUB: Impact of Cardiovascular (CV) Risk Factors during the Initial 6 Months of the First Large-Scale Longitudinal Nationwide Study on Management and Real-World Outcomes of Diabetes in India (LANDMARC)

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2258-PUB
Author(s):  
ROMIK GHOSH ◽  
ASHOK K. DAS ◽  
SHASHANK JOSHI ◽  
AMBRISH MITHAL ◽  
K.M. PRASANNA KUMAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nationwide Study

scholarly journals First Molecular Confirmation of Equine Ocular Setaria digitata in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Feng Yu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Shulei Chen ◽  
Ziwen Yi ◽  
Xianyong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Setaria Digitata ◽  
12S Rrna Gene ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ocular Discharge

A 5-year-old Mongolian mare (Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) was observed to have corneal opacity and excessive ocular discharge. An ophthalmic examination revealed a moving thread-like cylindrical worm in the anterior chamber of the right eye. The parasite was successfully removed surgically. The worm was observed under light microscopy and confirmed as Setaria digitata by 12S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated similarity with Setaria digitata in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank database isolated from other Asian countries. This report is the first confirmed case of equine ocular setariasis by molecular diagnosis in China, which may indicate its presence in livestock and promote research on its epidemiology.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Symbiotic Efficiency of Selected Rhizobia Strains Nodulating Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Badreddine Sijilmassi ◽  
Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf ◽  
Hassan Boulahyaoui ◽  
Aymane Kricha ◽  
Kenza Boubekri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Rhizobium Strains

A total of 14 Rhizobium strains were isolated from lentil accessions grown at the ICARDA experimental research station at Marchouch in Morocco and used for molecular characterization and symbiotic efficiency assessment. Individual phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene, house-keeping genes rpoB, recA, and gyrB, and symbiotic genes nodD and nodA along with Multilocus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) of the concatenated genes (16S rRNA-rpoB-recA-gyrB) was carried out for the identification and clustering of the isolates. The symbiotic efficiency of the strains was assessed on three Moroccan lentil cultivars (Bakria, Chakkouf, and Zaria) based on the number of nodules, plant height, plant dry weight, and total nitrogen content in leaves. The results showed that the individual phylogenetic analysis clustered all the strains into Rhizobium laguerreae and Rhizobium leguminosarum with sequence similarity ranging from 94 to 100%, except one strain which clustered with Mesorhizobium huakuii with sequence similarity of 100%. The MLSA of the concatenated genes and the related percentages of similarity clustered these strains into two groups of Rhizobium species, with one strain as a new genospecies when applying the threshold of 96%. For symbiotic efficiency, the Bakria variety showed the best association with 10 strains compared to its non-inoculated control (p-value ≤ 0.05), followed by Chakkouf and Zaria. The present study concluded that the genetic diversity and the symbiotic efficiency of Rhizobium strains appeared to be mainly under the control of the lentil genotypes.

scholarly journals Global climatology and trends in convective environments from ERA5 and rawinsonde data

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Taszarek ◽  
John T. Allen ◽  
Mattia Marchio ◽  
Harold E. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Convective Available Potential Energy ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Rawinsonde Data

AbstractGlobally, thunderstorms are responsible for a significant fraction of rainfall, and in the mid-latitudes often produce extreme weather, including large hail, tornadoes and damaging winds. Despite this importance, how the global frequency of thunderstorms and their accompanying hazards has changed over the past 4 decades remains unclear. Large-scale diagnostics applied to global climate models have suggested that the frequency of thunderstorms and their intensity is likely to increase in the future. Here, we show that according to ERA5 convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective precipitation (CP) have decreased over the tropics and subtropics with simultaneous increases in 0–6 km wind shear (BS06). Conversely, rawinsonde observations paint a different picture across the mid-latitudes with increasing CAPE and significant decreases to BS06. Differing trends and disagreement between ERA5 and rawinsondes observed over some regions suggest that results should be interpreted with caution, especially for CAPE and CP across tropics where uncertainty is the highest and reliable long-term rawinsonde observations are missing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document