scholarly journals Evidence of co-circulation of multiple arboviruses transmitted by Aedes species based on laboratory syndromic surveillance at a health unit in a slum of the Federal District, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Rufalco-Moutinho ◽  
Lorena Aparecida Gonçalves de Noronha ◽  
Tatyane de Souza Cardoso Quintão ◽  
Tayane Ferreira Nobre ◽  
Ana Paula Sampaio Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Traditional Surveillance

Abstract Background Vector-borne diseases, especially arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos, should be a health policy priority in Brazil. Despite this urgency, there are significant limitations in the traditional surveillance system, mainly in vulnerable areas. This study aimed to investigate the circulation of dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya viruses (CHIKV) by laboratory syndromic surveillance (LSS) in a slum area of the Federal District of Brazil, comparing the results with traditional surveillance data. Methods LSS for acute febrile and/or exanthematous symptoms was developed at a health unit of Cidade Estrutural, in order to identify the circulation of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos. Between June 2019 and March 2020, 131 valid participants were identified and sera tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for DENV (by serotype), ZIKV, and CHIKV acute infection and by immunoglobulin M enzyme-inked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgM) for DENV and CHIKV 15–21 days after symptom onset, when the participant reported no respiratory signs (cough and/or coryza). The results obtained were compared with traditional surveillance data for the study area and period. Results At least three DENV-1 (2.3%), four DENV-2 (3%), and one CHIKV (0.7%) cases were confirmed in the laboratory, showing evidence of hyperendemicity even though LSS had not reached the historic peak dengue fever months in the Federal District (April–May). When the results obtained here were compared with traditional surveillance, a significant discrepancy was observed, including underreporting of CHIKV infection. Conclusions In addition to the risks posed to the study population, the area investigated with its respective socio-environmental profile may be a potential site for spread of the virus, given the cosmopolitan presence of Aedes sp. and human mobility in the Federal District. It is also suggested that traditional epidemiological surveillance may be reporting acute viral infections other than DENV as dengue fever, while underreporting other arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos in the Federal District. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Evidence of Co-Circulation of Multiples Arbovirus Transmitted by Aedes Sp. Based on Laboratorial Syndromic Surveillance At Health Unit in Slum Area of Federal District, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Rufalco-Moutinho ◽  
Lorena Aparecida Gonçalves de Noronha ◽  
Tatyane de Souza Cardoso Quintão ◽  
Tayane Ferreira Nobre ◽  
Ana Paula Sampaio Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Significant Discrepancy

Abstract Background: Vector-borne diseases, especially arbiviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos, should be a health policy priority in Brazil. Despite this urgency, there are significant limitations in the traditional surveillance system, such as lack of timely notification in identifying outbreaks at their onset and the systemic dismantling of entomological control in recent decades. Methods: Laboratory syndromic surveillance for acute febrile and/or exanthematous syndromes was developed at a health unit in a favela (Portuguese for slum) of the Federal District in order to identify the circulation of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos. Between June/2019 and March/2020, 131 valid participants were identified and tested by RT-PCR for dengue (by serotype), Zika and Chikungunya virus acute infection; and ELISA-IgM for dengue fever and Chikungunya 15-21 days after symptom onset, when the participant reported no respiratory signs (cough and/or coryza). The results obtained were compared with traditional epidemiological surveillance data for the study area. Results: At least 3 DENV-1 (2.3%), 4 DENV-2 (3%) and 1 CHIKV (0.7%) cases were confirmed in the laboratory, showing evidence of hyperendemicity even though laboratory syndromic surveillance had not reached the historic peak dengue fever months in the Federal District (April-May). When the results obtained here were compared with traditional epidemiological surveillance data, a significant discrepancy was observed, including underreporting of Chikungunya infection. Conclusions: in addition to the risks posed to the study population, the area investigated and its respective socioenvironmental profile may be a potential site for spreading the virus, given the cosmopolitan presence of Aedes sp. and human mobility in the Federal District. It is also suggested that traditional epidemiological surveillance may be notifying different acute viral infections such as dengue fever, while underreporting other arboviruses transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitos in the Federal District.

scholarly journals Evidence of Co-Circulation of Multiples Arbovirus Transmitted by Aedes Sp. Based on Laboratorial Syndromic Surveillance At Health Unit in Slum Area of Federal District, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Rufalco-Moutinho ◽  
Lorena Aparecida Gonçalves de Noronha ◽  
Tatyane de Souza Cardoso Quintão ◽  
Tayane Ferreira Nobre ◽  
Ana Paula Sampaio Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
Traditional Surveillance

Abstract Background: Mosquito-borne disease, especially arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, must be priority of Brazilian public health policies, mainly with others infectious agents in circulation. Laboratorial syndromic surveillance for fever or/and exanthematic acute syndrome was performed at health unit in slum area of Federal District. Methods: between June/2019 and March/2020, stopped by COVID-19 pandemic, 131 valid participants were identified and tested by RT-PCR for dengue (by serotype), chikungunya and Zika virus; and by serological IgM for dengue and chikungunya virus, with serologic assay performed when the participant did not present respiratory symptoms (cough or/and coryza). Results: 3 DENV-1 (2.3%), 4 DENV-2 (3%) and 1 CHIKV (0.7%) was lab-confirmed, showing evidence of hiperendemicity area even with the laboratorial syndromic surveillance not reaching the months of historical peak of dengue in Federal District (April-May). When compared the results of laboratorial syndromic surveillance with traditional epidemiologic surveillance data, is verified significant discrepancy between probable cases (from traditional surveillance) and lab-confirmed cases (from laboratorial syndromic surveillance). Conclusions: beyond the risks of local population are exposed, the socio-environment profile can be an able potential area to spread arbovirus, according to Aedes sp. dynamics and human mobility of the Federal District. Also, traditional surveillance may be misreporting probable cases for dengue infection, and underreporting confirmed cases for other arbovirus in the Federal District.

Monitoring and auditing the transfer of syndromic surveillance data to ensure data completeness

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Faigen ◽  
Anikah Salim ◽  
Kishok Rojohn ◽  
Ajit Isaac ◽  
Sherry Adams
Keyword(s):  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Data Completeness

scholarly journals POPULATION INCOME DYNAMICS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE NORTH CAUCASIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
М.Р. КУЛОВА ◽  
Е.Ю. ИВАНОВА ◽  
Т.Ю. ИТАРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
The North ◽  
Regional Product

В статье рассматриваются особенности взаимосвязи, инертность и изменчивость динамики доходов населения и показателей валового регионального продукта в субъектах Северо-Кавказского федерального округа. В условиях стагнации российской экономики в последние годы проблема роста валового регионального продукта и доходов населения в депрессивных регионах Северного Кавказа приобретает особую значимость. Проведенный авторами корреляционный анализ доходов населения и валового регионального продукта за 2000-2018 гг. методом Пирсона выявил, что, в отличие от российских регионов в целом с их достаточно сильной связью между валовым региональным продуктом и доходами населения, в регионах Северного Кавказа наблюдалось очень значительное расхождение в коэффициентах корреляции. В частности, в Северной Осетии в течение 2011-2015 гг. экономический рост и доходы населения находились в состоянии слабой зависимости, а уже в 2015-2018 гг. эта связка стала почти идеальной, когда коэффициент корреляции достиг 0,99. Резкие скачки в тесноте связей ВРП и доходов населения имели место в Дагестане, Карачаево-Черкессии, в то время как относительно стабильная динамика коэффициентов корреляции ВРП с доходами была характерна для Ингушетии. В Кабардино-Балкарии и Ставропольском крае, где были отмечены низкие и отрицательные значения коэффициентов корреляции, в динамике доходов населения и экономическим ростом проявилась либо слабая связь, либо обратная связь, когда увеличение одной переменной приводит к уменьшению другой. В целом, разнонаправленность динамики показателей валового регионального продукта и доходов населения в регионах СКФО отражает неэффективность экономической политики и необходимость более дифференцированного подхода к отдельным территориям макрорегиона. The article discusses the features of the relationship, inertia and variability of the dynamics of household income and gross regional product indicators in the subjects of the North Caucasian Federal District. In the context of the stagnation of the Russian economy in recent years, the problem of the growth of GRP and income of the population in the depressed regions of the North Caucasus is of particular importance. The authors' correlation analysis of the population's income and the gross regional product for 2000-2018 according to Pearson method revealed that, in contrast to the Russian regions as a whole with their rather strong relationship between the gross regional product and the population's income, there was a very significant discrepancy in the correlation coefficients in the regions of the North Caucasus. In particular, in North Ossetia, during 2011-2015, economic growth and income of the population were in a state of weakened mutual dependence, and already in 2015-2018, this link became almost perfect, when the correlation coefficient reached 0.99. Sharp changes in the close relationship between GRP and income of the population occurred in Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, while the relatively stable dynamics of the correlation coefficients of GRP with income was characteristic of Ingushetia. In Kabardino-Balkaria and Stavropol Krai, where low and negative values of correlation coefficients were noted, the dynamics of household income and economic growth showed either a weak relationship or an inverse relationship, when an increase in one variable leads to a decrease in the other. In general, the divergence of the dynamics of the gross regional product and income indicators in the regions of the NCFD reflects the inefficiency of economic policy and the need for a more differentiated approach to individual territories of the macroregion.

scholarly journals Use of fourth-generation rapid combined antigen and antibody diagnostic tests for the detection of acute HIV infection in a community centre for men who have sex with men, between 2016 and 2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255065
Author(s):  
Jorge Saz ◽  
Albert Dalmau-Bueno ◽  
Michael Meulbroek ◽  
Ferran Pujol ◽  
Josep Coll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Rapid Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Sex With Men

Objective To assess the use of fourth-generation rapid diagnostic tests in identifying acute infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Methods BCN Checkpoint promotes sexual health among men who have sex with men (MSM), with a focus on diagnosing HIV early, initiating combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) promptly, and recommending regular repeat testing for those who have tested negative. This cross-sectional study included all test results obtained at the centre between 25 March 2016 and 24 March 2019. The Alere™ HIV Combo (now rebranded to Determine™ HIV Ultra, from Abbott) was used to detect p24 antigen (p24 Ag) and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies to HIV-1/HIV-2 (HIV Ab). Rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmatory testing and Western blot (WB) were performed for clients with a positive rapid test result. Confirmed HIV cases were promptly referred to the HIV unit for care and cART prescription. Results A total of 12,961 clients attended BCN Checkpoint during the study and 27,298 rapid tests were performed. 450 tests were found to be reactive, of which 430 confirmed as HIV-positive, representing a prevalence of 3.32%. Four confirmed cases (0.93%) were detected as “p24 Ag only”, nine (2.09%) as “both p24 and HIV Ab” and 417 (96.98%) as “HIV Ab only”. The “p24 Ag only” group had a 1-log higher viral load than the other groups and initiated treatment on the following working day. Overall, there were 20 false-positive results (0.07% and 4.44% of total and reactive tests, respectively), of which 10 positive for “p24 Ag only” and 10 for “HIV Ab only”. Conclusions Four Acute HIV Infections (AHI), with very high viral loads, have been detected with the “p24 Ag only” while the HIV Ab were still absent. Referral to the HIV unit and initiation of cART on the following working day contributed to improving persons’ health and to reduce HIV transmission chain.

Use of syndromic surveillance data to monitor poisonings and drug overdoses in state and local public health agencies

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i43-i49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Ising ◽  
Scott Proescholdbell ◽  
Katherine J Harmon ◽  
Nidhi Sachdeva ◽  
Stephen W Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Drug Overdoses ◽  
State And Local

Geographic Information Technologies in Epidemiology – An Up-to-Date Research Direction of Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
MV Vyushkov ◽  
NN Zaitseva ◽  
EI Efimov ◽  
LS Kitaeva ◽  
GG Pobedinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Geoinformation Technologies ◽  
Research Institute

Introduction: Studying the possibility of using geoinformation technologies to analyze the epidemiological situation in the Volga Federal District (VFD) dates back to early 2000s. The experience of creating and maintaining the electronic epidemiological atlas of the Volga Federal District confirmed the relevance of this research direction for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population and showed the importance of its results for activities of healthcare and Rospotrebnadzor institutions. The purpose of our work was to consider the main stages of formation and development of geoinformation technologies in epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases as a research direction of Academician I.N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Materials: The article describes the development of medical geography and gives characteristics of classical scientific schools and some of their results. It presents main results of research work carried out within the framework of the Rospotrebnadzor Sectoral Research Program for 2016–2020 as well as methodology and main stages of development of the geographically distributed geoinformation software complex “Electronic Epidemiological Atlas of the Russian Federation” (GIS “Epidemiological Atlas of Russia”) and its structure. Conclusions: Geographic information systems in epidemiological surveillance as an up-to-date scientific direction of research activities of the Institute enabled implementation of the geoinformation project “Epidemiological Atlas of the Volga Federal District”, the development of which began in 2000–2005 by specialists of the Institute and JSC Upper Volga Air Geodetic Enterprise, and development of GIS “Epidemiological Atlas of Russia”.

scholarly journals Assessing Community Empowerment for an Innovative Epidemiologic Approach

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Melo ◽  
João Neves-Amado ◽  
Alexandra Pereira ◽  
Cândida Maciel ◽  
Tiago Vieira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Health State ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Public Health Unit ◽  
Nursing Leaders ◽  
Nursing Diagnosis ◽  
Nursing Diagnoses

Community empowerment can be a process, but also the result of nursing care. To analyze it as a result there is an instrument that allows to quantify its level in nine domains. According to Melo (2020), health centers can be considered communities, becoming the potential target of community and public health nurses care, especially in the public health unit. One of the main functions of a public health unit is the epidemiological surveillance of the population’s health state. However, traditional epidemiological surveillance is focused on diseases and Melo (2020) proposes a new approach for epidemiology focused on people in what concerns nursing diagnosis. The aim of this research is to identify the level of empowerment of four Portuguese primary healthcare structures, named as ACeS, so as to improve the epidemiological surveillance of nursing diagnoses. As methodology, we developed four focus group with all nursing leaders from all primary care units of the four ACeS, using the Portuguese version of the empowerment assessment rating scale. The results present the level of community empowerment of each ACeS according to the nine domains of the scale. The needs of intervention to improve the ACeS empowerment were also identified in order to develop the epidemiological surveillance of nursing diagnoses.

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