scholarly journals Weight cycling in combat sports: revisiting 25 years of scientific evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Lakicevic ◽  
Diba Mani ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Roberto Roklicer ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduced Time

Abstract Background As combat sports are classified by body mass, many athletes engage in rapid weight loss (RWL) prior to competition so they can gain an advantage over lighter opponents. Following the weigh-in, athletes engage in rapid weight gain (RWG), whereby some athletes have been able to compete up to three weight categories greater than the official division weighed in at. Results Although the impact of weight cycling on performance remains equivocal, robust scientific evidence indicates serious acute and chronic negative consequences on physiological and health-related parameters. Still, weight cycling remains highly prevalent in combat sports, and interventions to limit or stop this cultural norm are recommended. Conclusions Weigh-ins for combat sports should be transitioned to take place closer to the start of competition. This reduced time and access to engage in RWG will cut down, if not completely prevent, weight cycling. These rule changes that aim to benefit athlete’s health and promote fairness must be made at the international level, which will promote them at those levels below, as well, given qualification protocols.

scholarly journals Open landfill site and threat to the proximity resident’s: Addressing perceived consequences of unscientific solid waste dumping using GIS techniques

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subham Roy ◽  
Arghadeep Bose ◽  
Debanjan Basak ◽  
Indrajit Roy Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
The People ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Dump Yard ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is a rapidly expanding sector that caters to the rising demand for disposal facilities; as a result, MSW treatment is becoming a significant challenge in concern to environmental and public health. The by-products of solid waste dumped in landfills have negative consequences on the environment and people living near disposal sites. This research aimed to assess whether the disposal of garbage in landfills affected the people who live near them. Consequently, residents living near MSW disposal facilities are exposed to various risks. A systematic questionnaire was devised and disseminated in this research to examine the adjacent people's concerns and attitudes around the landfill of the rapidly expanding Siliguri city of West Bengal. It was accomplished by assessing the opinions of persons living within the 1000m of the landfill site and how it impacts their life. The novelty of the research includes geographical analysis of physical impressions, including odour nuisance, breathing problems, impacts of flies and mosquitoes, water contamination, issues due to illegal burning, and health-related problems, which was conducted using geographic information system methodologies. Besides, the Landfill satisfaction index (LSI) tool was used to assess the perception of the people residing near the landfill. Also, to statistically validate the perception of the people related to the impact of landfills on their life, gamma coefficient (y) test of Goodman-Kruskal was applied. The findings reveal that the majority of the respondent within 600m are more susceptible to various risks due to unscientific landfill. Subsequently, a large portion of the responding sample was aware of the detrimental effects of landfills on the health and environment, therefore, individuals living near the dump yard preferred to live farther away. The findings also reveal that geographical proximity has a clear relationship between respondent perception and distance to the landfill. The study concludes with a discussion on how the research results may be beneficial for designing landfill sites and can be utilized by urban planners, environmentalists, and engineers.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Supervised Making Weight on Health Markers, Hormones and Body Composition in Muay Thai Fighters

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Roberto Cannataro ◽  
Erika Cione ◽  
Luca Gallelli ◽  
Natale Marzullo ◽  
Diego A. Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
The Impact

Making weight is a practice often used in combat sports. This consists of a rapid weight loss (RWL) and a subsequent rapid weight gain (RWG) in the days preceding competition. However, this practice is often carried out based on anecdotal information provided by ex-athletes or non-professionals, which has led to several adverse events. This study aimed to assess the acute effects of a supervised nutritional period of RWL/RWG on health markers, hormone concentrations, and body composition. We performed a single-arm repeated-measures (baseline, after RWL and after RWG) clinical trial with twenty-one (8F:16M) Italian Muay Thai fighters. Body mass was significantly lower after the RWL (−4.1%) while there was a significantly higher glucose availability after RWL and RWG. Blood urea nitrogen, lipid profile, and creatinine were within the normal range after RWL/RWG. Testosterone decrease significantly after RWL and RWG in the men group. Male fighters had a significant reduction in thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration after the RWL and RWG intervention, but no change was found in women at pre-competition. Bioelectrical parameters were almost fully restored after RWG. An evidence-based and individualized nutrition methodology reduces the adverse events after an RWL and RWG practice, although the impact on the hormonal profile is inevitable.

scholarly journals Impact of patients’ judgment skills on asthma self-management: a pilot study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Moreno Londoño ◽  
Peter J. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Adequate Health Literacy ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

<em>Background</em>. The majority of current health literacy tools assess functional skills including reading, writing, and numeracy. Although these tools have been able to underline the impact of such skills on individuals’ health behaviour, there is a need for comprehensive measures to examine more advanced skills. The individual’s ability to use health-related information considering his/her own health context, and judging positive and negative consequences of their decisions has been conceptualized as judgment skills. The present study used a newly developed judgment skills tool to explore asthma self-management practices. <br /><em>Design</em> <em>and</em> <em>methods</em>. Eighty asthma patients were recruited from medical offices during the year 2013. The questionnaire was self-administered and contained health literacy questions, the judgment skill tool, the Asthma Control Test, and several self-management questions.<br /><em>Results</em>. Sixty-nine percent of participants had adequate health literacy, while 24% and 5% had marginal and inadequate levels, respectively. The high-judgment group referred more to their doctor when experiencing asthma problems <em>t</em>(76)=−2.18, P&lt;0.032; complied more with the use of their control medicine<em> t</em>(77)=−3.24, P&lt;0.002 and went more regularly to the doctor <em>t</em>(78)=−1.80, P&lt;0.038 (one-tailed) than the low-judgment group.<br /><em>Conclusions</em>. The judgment skills tool can help identify asthma patients’ health information use and reveal how this use may affect some self-management practices.

Memories of a Death Threat: Negative Consequences of Unconscious Thoughts About a Terrorist Attack on Attitudes Towards Alcohol

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282098493
Author(s):  
Franziska Pradel ◽  
Sebastian Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Delay Task ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Lower Alcohol ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Model ◽  
The Impact

Based on the terror management health model (TMHM), we examined the impact of terrorist attacks as reminders of death on implicit alcohol-related attitudes, including the moderating role of conscious death-related thoughts and alcohol-based self-esteem (ABS). With an online experiment ( N = 487), we analyzed how thoughts and memories about a recent terrorist attack unconsciously (with a delay task) and consciously (without a delay task) affected implicit alcohol-related attitudes. We found that such thoughts increased the death-thought accessibility. While no main effect of the salience of the terrorist attack on alcohol-related attitudes existed, respondents with low ABS had more positive attitudes, when unconsciously thinking about the attack as compared to the control group. Respondents with high ABS in the delay task had lower alcohol-IAT scores. Overall, this study provides evidence that thoughts about terrorism that can be provoked through media affect alcohol-related attitudes. Such attitudes may cause negative health consequences through health-related decisions.

ACCESSIBLE HOUSING AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE: MEASUREMENTS OF WELLBEING OUTCOMES FOLLOWING HOME MODIFICATIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillippa Carnemolla ◽  
Catherine Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Home Modifications ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

The multi-dimensional relationship between housing and population health is now well recognised internationally, across both developing and developed nations. This paper examines a dimension within the housing and health relationship – accessibility – that to date has been considered difficult to measure. This paper reports on the mixed method results of larger mixed-method, exploratory study designed to measure the impact of home modifications on Health-Related Quality of Life, supported by qualitative data of recipients’ experiences of home modifications. Data was gathered from 157 Australian HACC clients, who had received home modifications. Measurements were taken for both before and after home modifications and reveal that home modifications were associated with an average 40% increase in Health-Related Quality of Life levels. The qualitative results revealed that participants positively associated home modifications across six effect themes: increased safety and confidence, improved mobility at home, increased independence, supported care-giving role, increased social participation, and ability to return home from hospital. This exploratory research gives an insight into the potential for accessible architecture to impact improvements in community health and wellbeing.

Conflicts in Biafra, Katanga and Cabinda as a result of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Olga Dzhenchakova
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the impact of the colonial past of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on their development during the post-colonial period. The negative consequences of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism are shown on the example of three countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Angola, expressed in the emergence of conflicts in these countries based on ethno-cultural, religious and socio-economic contradictions. At the same time, the focus is made on the economic factor and the consequences of the consumer policy of the former metropolises pursuing their mercantile interests were mixed.

HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maidanovych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.

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