scholarly journals Acute Effects of Supervised Making Weight on Health Markers, Hormones and Body Composition in Muay Thai Fighters

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Roberto Cannataro ◽  
Erika Cione ◽  
Luca Gallelli ◽  
Natale Marzullo ◽  
Diego A. Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
The Impact

Making weight is a practice often used in combat sports. This consists of a rapid weight loss (RWL) and a subsequent rapid weight gain (RWG) in the days preceding competition. However, this practice is often carried out based on anecdotal information provided by ex-athletes or non-professionals, which has led to several adverse events. This study aimed to assess the acute effects of a supervised nutritional period of RWL/RWG on health markers, hormone concentrations, and body composition. We performed a single-arm repeated-measures (baseline, after RWL and after RWG) clinical trial with twenty-one (8F:16M) Italian Muay Thai fighters. Body mass was significantly lower after the RWL (−4.1%) while there was a significantly higher glucose availability after RWL and RWG. Blood urea nitrogen, lipid profile, and creatinine were within the normal range after RWL/RWG. Testosterone decrease significantly after RWL and RWG in the men group. Male fighters had a significant reduction in thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration after the RWL and RWG intervention, but no change was found in women at pre-competition. Bioelectrical parameters were almost fully restored after RWG. An evidence-based and individualized nutrition methodology reduces the adverse events after an RWL and RWG practice, although the impact on the hormonal profile is inevitable.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Different Forms of Suspension Push‐Ups on Oxygen Consumption, Salivary Testosterone and Cortisol and Isometric Strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bellar ◽  
Cory Etheredge ◽  
Lawrence W. Judge
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Push Up

Abstract Suspension exercise systems are being used in strength and conditioning facilities, fitness centers, rehabilitation centers and home gyms. Though some evidence exists regarding the impact of training with these systems, more work is needed for a better understanding. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the acute effects of an exercise session with 2 (hands only) and 4 straps (hands and feet) in the push-up exercise compared to a work-matched bench press exercise session. The participants for this repeated measures, cross-over investigation were 18 healthy college-aged males (age: 24.8 ± 3.5 yrs, body mass: 81.8 ± 7.8 kg, body height: 178.9 ± 4.5 cm). The conditions were 6 sets of 10 repetitions of suspension push-ups using two straps (DUAL) for the hands, fours straps (QUAD) for hands and feet and a traditional bench press exercise matched to the average resistance during the suspension push-up. The participants performed all repetitions at a controlled cadence. Expired gases, and heart rate were monitored continuously during the exercise session. Pre and post exercise saliva samples were collected to quantify changes in testosterone and cortisol. Upper body isometric strength tests ( UBIST) were performed (Post, 1 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr) to evaluate changes in force production during recovery. Data analysis via repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant trend for increased oxygen consumption in the QUAD condition compared to the bench press (p = 0.019). Additionally, both suspension conditions resulted in a reduced respiratory exchange ratio as compared to the bench press (p < 0.05). A significant main effect was noted for time in all conditions regarding isometric strength (p < 0.001), but no differences between conditions were revealed. Testosterone and cortisol responses did not differ between conditions. Based upon these data, it appears that when matched for work, suspension exercise results in equivalent reductions in muscle force, but greater oxygen consumption compared to isotonic exercise.

Examining the Impact of 45 Minutes of Daily Physical Education on Cognitive Ability, Fitness Performance, and Body Composition of African American Youth

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian A. Reed ◽  
Andrea L. Maslow ◽  
Savannah Long ◽  
Morgan Hughey
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
African American ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Elementary And Middle School

Object:Increased importance on academic achievement has resulted in many school districts focusing on improved academic performance leading to reductions in physical education time. The purpose was to examine the effects of 45 minutes of daily physical education on the cognitive ability, fitness performance and body composition of African American elementary and middle school youth.Methods:Participants completing the informed consent in grades 2nd to 8th were included in the study. A pre/posttest design was used with repeated measures analysis of variance. Experimental and control school participants were pretested on the cognitive measures (ie, Fluid Intelligence and Perceptual Speed) and FitnessgramR physical fitness test items (eg, aerobic capacity, muscular strength and muscular endurance, body composition) in September 2009 and posttested in May 2010.Results:Experimental elementary and middle school participants observed significantly greater improvements compared with control elementary and middle school participants on 7 of 16 fitness and body composition measures and on 8 of 26 cognitive measures. These fitness, body composition, and cognitive improvement differences were more noticeable among elementary and middle school females.Conclusions:Providing 45 minutes of daily physical education can perhaps increase cognitive ability while increasing fitness and decreasing the prevalence of overweight and obese youth.

scholarly journals Extreme Rapid Weight Loss and Rapid Weight Gain Observed in UK Mixed Martial Arts Athletes Preparing for Competition

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph John Matthews ◽  
Ceri Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

There is a lack of research documenting the weight-making practices of mixed-martial-arts (MMA) competitors. The purpose of the investigation was to quantify the magnitude and identify the methods of rapid weight loss (RWL) and rapid weight gain (RWG) in MMA athletes preparing for competition. Seven athletes (mean ± SD, age 24.6 ± 3.5 yrs, body mass 69.9 ± 5.7 kg, competitive experience 3.1 ± 2.2 yrs) participated in a repeated-measures design. Measures of dietary intake, urinary hydration status, and body mass were recorded in the week preceding competition. Body mass decreased significantly (p < .0005) from baseline by 5.6 ± 1.4 kg (8 ± 1.8%). During the RWG period (32 ± 1 hr) body mass increased significantly (p < .001) by 7.4 ± 2.8 kg (11.7 ± 4.7%), exceeding RWL. Mean energy and carbohydrate intake were 3176 ± 482 kcal・day-1 and 471 ± 124 g・day-1, respectively. At the official weigh-in 57% of athletes were dehydrated (1033 ± 19 mOsmol・kg-1) and the remaining 43% were severely dehydrated (1267 ± 47 mOsmol・kg-1). Athletes reported using harmful dehydration-based RWL strategies, including sauna (43%) and training in plastic suits (43%). Results demonstrated RWG greater than RWL, this is a novel finding and may be attributable to the 32 hr duration from weigh-in till competition. The observed magnitude of RWL and strategies used are comparable to those which have previously resulted in fatalities. Rule changes which make RWL impractical should be implemented with immediate effect to ensure the health, safety and wellbeing of competitors.

Effects of Exergaming Based Exercise on Urban Children’s Physical Activity Participation and Body Composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 992-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan Gao ◽  
Ping Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Physical Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity

Background:Exergaming has been considered a fun solution to promoting a physically active lifestyle. This study examined the impact of an exergaming-based program on urban children’s physical activity participation, body composition and perceptions of the program.Methods:A sample of 185 children’s physical activity was measured in August 2009 (pretest), and percent body fat was used as index of body composition. Fourth graders were assigned to intervention group engaging in 30 minutes exergaming-based activities 3 times per week, while third and fifth graders were in comparison group. Measurements were repeated 9 months later (posttest). Interviews were conducted among 12 intervention children.Results:ANCOVA with repeated measures revealed a significant main effect for intervention, F(1, 179) = 10.69, P < .01. Specifically, intervention children had significantly greater increased physical activity levels than comparison children. Logistic regression for body composition indicated intervention children did not differ significantly in percent body fat change from comparison children, Chi square = 5.42, P = .14. Children interviewed reported positive attitudes toward the intervention.Conclusions:The implementation of exergaming-based program could have a significantly positive effect on children’s physical activity participation and attitudes. Meanwhile, long-term effect of the program on children’s body composition deserves further investigation.

From Fable to Reality at Parkland Hospital: The Impact of Evidence-Based Design Strategies on Patient Safety, Healing, and Satisfaction in an Adult Inpatient Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 193758672097019
Author(s):  
Renae K. Rich ◽  
Francesqca E. Jimenez ◽  
Susan E. Puumala ◽  
Sheila DePaola ◽  
Kathy Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Noise Temperature ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Patient Acuity ◽  
Hospital Design ◽  
Inpatient Outcomes ◽  
Adult Inpatient ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the quantitative effects of new hospital design on adult inpatient outcomes. Background: Tenets of evidence-based healthcare design, notably single-patient acuity-adaptable and same-handed rooms, decentralized nursing stations, onstage offstage layout, and access to nature were expected to promote patient healing and increase patient satisfaction, while decreasing adverse events. Methods: Patient healing was operationalized through length of stay (LOS) and patient safety through three adverse events: falls, hospital-acquired infections (HAI), and medication-related events. Standard patient surveys captured patient satisfaction. Patient records from 2013 through 2017 allowed for equivalent time periods surrounding the move to the new hospital in August 2015. Stratified by hospital division where significant, pre/post comparisons utilized proportional hazards or logistic regression models as appropriate; interrupted time series analyses afforded longitudinal interpretations. Results: Observed higher postmove LOS was due to previously increasing trends, not increases after the move. In surgical and trauma units, a constant increase in falls was unaffected by the move. Medication events decreased consistently over time; medication events with harm dropped significantly after the move. No change in HAI was found. Significant improvement on most relevant patient satisfaction items occurred after the move. Call button response decreased immediately after the move but subsequently improved. Conclusion: Results did not clearly indicate a net change in adult inpatient outcomes of healing and safety due to the hospital design. There was evidence that the new hospital improved patient satisfaction outcomes related to the environment, including comfort, noise, temperature, and aesthetics.

The impact of escitalopram on sleep problems of depressive patients in real-life clinical practice in greece

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 673-673
Author(s):  
E. Valergaki ◽  
E. Papalexi ◽  
D. Vlysidis ◽  
K. Sotiriadou ◽  
D. Giailoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depressive Patients

IntroductionThere is a bidirectional relationship between depression and insomnia, the latter being both a risk factor for the development of depression and a consequence of depression itself. Since depressive patients with residual symptoms of insomnia are at higher risk for disease recurrence, dealing successfully with sleep disorders during antidepressive treatment is of great importance.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of escitalopram on both depressive symptoms and sleep problems of depressive patients.MethodsAn observational, open-label, 3-month study was conducted in Greece.Effectiveness was assessed using the CGI-S and AIS (Athens Insomnia Scale) scales. Tolerability was evaluated by spontaneously reported adverse events and treatment discontinuation rates.ResultsThe study included 2,103 patients (mean age 51 ± 15 years, 64.0% women).Patients showed significant improvement during the treatment period for both depressive symptoms and sleep problems. Mean CGI-S scores decreased from 4.2 ± 0.8 to 2.2 ± 1.0 and total AIS score decreased from 13.6 ± 4.9 to 3.5 ± 3.8 (repeated measures analysis of variance Hotelling's test, p < 0.001). The positive effect of escitalopram treatment was significant both on “night sleep” and “behaviour on the following days”. Moreover, the percentage of patients suffering from insomnia (AIS score >=6) decreased from 89.1% to 22.1% (Cochran's Q test p < 0.001). Escitalopram was also well tolerated, as 1909 (90.8%) patients successfully completed the study and 39 patients (1.85%) discontinued due to adverse events.ConclusionsEscitalopram combines significant effectiveness on both depressive symptoms and sleep problems with good tolerability.

Impact of Acute Circuit Training on Irisin in Younger and Older Overweight Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany V. Rioux ◽  
Keith R Brunt ◽  
Ashley L. Eadie ◽  
Danielle R Bouchard ◽  
Jill Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overweight Adults

Studies show aerobic exercise increases irisin and leads to health benefits. The impact of circuit training (CT) on irisin in overweight younger and older adults is unknown. The objectives were to determine whether, during an acute bout of CT, changes in irisin differed between overweight younger and older adults, and if irisin is associated with body composition, fitness level, or muscle strength. Inactive, overweight adults aged between 19-35 (25.9 ± 5.0; n=15) and 60-75 years old (67.7 ± 4.1; n=14) participated in this study. The primary exposure variable was an acute bout of CT (12-15 repetitions; 65-70% of 1-repetition maximum; 3 loops). The primary outcome measure was the concentration of irisin determined by ELISA before, during, and after exercise. Repeated measures analyses showed no effect of time on irisin levels during acute CT, and no interaction effect between age and time (p >0.05). No associations were observed between changes in irisin and body composition, fitness, or strength (p >0.05). In conclusion, acute CT doesn’t increase irisin in overweight individuals, nor is irisin associated with the measured outcomes. Further studies are needed to elucidate the release of irisin by different types of exercise across the lifespan. NCT03715088 NOVELTY: • Younger and older adults show a similar irisin response to an acute bout of circuit training. • Irisin response is not associated with measures of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, nor muscle strength.

scholarly journals Weight cycling in combat sports: revisiting 25 years of scientific evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Lakicevic ◽  
Diba Mani ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Roberto Roklicer ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduced Time

Abstract Background As combat sports are classified by body mass, many athletes engage in rapid weight loss (RWL) prior to competition so they can gain an advantage over lighter opponents. Following the weigh-in, athletes engage in rapid weight gain (RWG), whereby some athletes have been able to compete up to three weight categories greater than the official division weighed in at. Results Although the impact of weight cycling on performance remains equivocal, robust scientific evidence indicates serious acute and chronic negative consequences on physiological and health-related parameters. Still, weight cycling remains highly prevalent in combat sports, and interventions to limit or stop this cultural norm are recommended. Conclusions Weigh-ins for combat sports should be transitioned to take place closer to the start of competition. This reduced time and access to engage in RWG will cut down, if not completely prevent, weight cycling. These rule changes that aim to benefit athlete’s health and promote fairness must be made at the international level, which will promote them at those levels below, as well, given qualification protocols.

Vestibular Function and Motion Sickness Susceptibility: Videonystagmographic Evidence From Oculomotor and Caloric Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
Cynthia G. Fowler ◽  
Margaret Dallapiazza ◽  
Kathleen Talbot Hadsell
Keyword(s):  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Slow Phase Velocity ◽  
Caloric Tests

Purpose Motion sickness (MS) is a common condition that affects millions of individuals. Although the condition is common and can be debilitating, little research has focused on the vestibular function associated with susceptibility to MS. One causal theory of MS is an asymmetry of vestibular function within or between ears. The purposes of this study, therefore, were (a) to determine if the vestibular system (oculomotor and caloric tests) in videonystagmography (VNG) is associated with susceptibility to MS and (b) to determine if these tests support the theory of an asymmetry between ears associated with MS susceptibility. Method VNG was used to measure oculomotor and caloric responses. Fifty young adults were recruited; 50 completed the oculomotor tests, and 31 completed the four caloric irrigations. MS susceptibility was evaluated with the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire–Short Form; in this study, percent susceptibility ranged from 0% to 100% in the participants. Participants were divided into three susceptibility groups (Low, Mid, and High). Repeated-measures analyses of variance and pairwise comparisons determined significance among the groups on the VNG test results. Results Oculomotor test results revealed no significant differences among the MS susceptibility groups. Caloric stimuli elicited responses that were correlated positively with susceptibility to MS. Slow-phase velocity was slowest in the Low MS group compared to the Mid and High groups. There was no significant asymmetry between ears in any of the groups. Conclusions MS susceptibility was significantly and positively correlated with caloric slow-phase velocity. Although asymmetries between ears are purported to be associated with MS, asymmetries were not evident. Susceptibility to MS may contribute to interindividual variability of caloric responses within the normal range.

The Impact of TimeSlips on Undergraduate Students in Service Learning With Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sabine Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Attitudes Toward Older Adults ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Shift ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Journal Entries

Purpose Future speech-language pathologists are often unprepared in their academic training to serve the communicative and cognitive needs of older adults with dementia. While negative attitudes toward older adults are prevalent among undergraduate students, service learning has been shown to positively affect students' attitudes toward older adults. TimeSlips is an evidence-based approach that has been shown to improve health care students' attitudes toward older adults. The purpose of this study is to explore the change in attitudes in speech-language pathology students toward older adults using TimeSlips in service learning. Method Fifty-one students participated in TimeSlips service learning with older adults and completed the Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS) before and after service learning. In addition, students completed a reflection journal. The DAS data were analyzed using nonparametric statistics, and journal entries were analyzed using a qualitative analysis approach. Results The service learners exhibited a significant increase in positive attitude as indexed on the DAS. The reflective journal entries supported the positive change in attitudes. Conclusions A noticeable attitude shift was indexed in reflective journals and on the DAS. TimeSlips is an evidence-based, patient-centered approach well suited to address challenges in the preparation of Communication Sciences and Disorders students to work with the growing population of older adults.

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