scholarly journals Isolation and identification of Streptococcus suis from sick pigs in Bali, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Nengah Kerta Besung ◽  
I Gusti Ketut Suarjana ◽  
Kadek Karang Agustina ◽  
Ida Bagus Oka Winaya ◽  
Hamong Soeharsono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Repair Protein ◽  
Recombination Repair ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Final Confirmation

Abstract Objective Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a causative agent for various syndromes in pigs. It can be transmitted to humans with typical symptoms of meningitis and death. Although human infections have been confirmed at Bali Referral Hospital, Indonesia, since 2014, the bacteria have not been isolated from pigs. Here, we provide confirmation of the presence of the bacteria in sick pigs in the province. Results Streptococcus suis was confirmed in 8 of 30 cases. The final confirmation was made using PCR and sequencing of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and recombination/repair protein (recN) gene fragments. Upon PCR serotyping, two were confirmed to be serotype 2 or 1/2. Prominent histopathological lesions of confirmed cases were meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, bronchopneumonia, enteritis and glomerulonephritis. The dominant inflammatory cells were neutrophils and macrophages. Further research is needed to understand the risk factors for human infection. Community awareness on the risk of contracting S. suis and vaccine development are needed to prevent human infections.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Streptococcus suis from sick pigs in Bali, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nengah I. K. Besung ◽  
Gusti Ketut Suarjana ◽  
Karang Kadek Agustina ◽  
Oka Ida Bagus Winaya ◽  
Hamong Soeharsono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Death Data

Abstract Background Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a causative agent for various syndromes in pigs. It can be transmitted to humans with typical symptoms of meningitis and death. Data in Bali Referral Hospital showed more than 40 confirmed human cases of S. suis meningitis in 2014. Cases of S. suis infection in pigs have never been confirmed in the province. Here we provide evidence of the bacteria in sick pigs in that world tourist destination province. Results The S. suis was confirmed in eight out of 30 cases. Prominent histopathological lesions of confirmed cases were meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, bronchopneumonia, enteritis, and glomerulonephritis. The dominant inflammatory cells were neutrophils and macrophages. Conclusions Streptococcus suis has been confirmed in sick pig in Bali, Indonesia. Further research is needed to understand the risk factor of human infection. Awareness of the community on the risk of contracting S. suis is needed to prevent human infections.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Streptococcus suis from sick pigs in Bali, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nengah I. K. Besung ◽  
Gusti Ketut Suarjana ◽  
Karang Kadek Agustina ◽  
Oka Ida Bagus Winaya ◽  
Hamong Soeharsono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Death Data

Abstract Objective Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a causative agent for various syndromes in pigs. It can be transmitted to humans with typical symptoms of meningitis and death. Data in Bali Referral Hospital showed more than 40 confirmed human cases of S. suis meningitis in 2014. Cases of S. suis infection in pigs have never been confirmed in the province. Here we provide evidence of the bacteria in sick pigs in that world tourist destination province. Results The S. suis was confirmed in eight out of 30 cases. Prominent histopathological lesions of confirmed cases were meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, bronchopneumonia, enteritis, and glomerulonephritis. The dominant inflammatory cells were neutrophils and macrophages. Further research is needed to understand the risk factor of human infection. Awareness of the community on the risk of contracting S. suis is needed to prevent human infections.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Native Value Endocarditis: A Unique Case Presentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S129-S130
Author(s):  
Krutika Patel ◽  
S Shawn Liu ◽  
Sandhya Dasaraju ◽  
J Elliot Carter
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Mechanical Valve ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Native Valve ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Human Infections

Abstract ER is a facultative, non-spore-forming, non-acid-fast, gram-positive bacillus. It is a ubiquitous commensal in wild and domestic animals, birds, and fish and has an enormous economic impact on animal husbandry and marine industry, causing animal erysipelas. Human infections are extremely rare, occupationally acquired zoonosis. Human infections are acquired through wounds, contact with sick animals, and carriers and commonly includes localized or generalized self-limited cutaneous erysipelas. Seldom, systemic infection and septicemia occur. We present here, a case of a 50-year-old immunocompetent retired shipyard welder who enjoyed fishing in his spare time and presented to the emergency room with fever, chest pain, significant weight loss, and dry cough lasting 2 to 3 months. He did not report any bites or injuries, intravenous drug abuse, or travel history. An echocardiogram showed mobile vegetation on aortic valve with severe regurgitation. Blood and tissue cultures grew E rhusiopathiae, identified by MALDI-TOF method. He was treated with empiric vancomycin followed by penicillin and aortic valve replacement with a mechanical valve. Cases of E rhusiopathiae–induced native valve endocarditis and septicemia are extremely infrequent in immunocompetent individuals, especially when occupation-related exposure is not noted. Even after surgery, it may entail fatality rates as high as 40%, higher than endocarditis caused by other bacteria. While some current reports suggest incidences of human infections are declining due to technological advances in animal industry, infection still occurs in specific environments. Additionally, it may be underdiagnosed due to its resemblance to other infections and problems encountered in isolation and identification. The natural resistance of E rhusiopathiae to glycopeptides underlines the importance of a prompt microbiological diagnosis of such an uncommon human infection, especially when presented in an unusual clinical presentation. Clinicians and microbiologists working with exposed population should be aware of this microbe and its manifestations.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rajesh Kumar Meena ◽  
Dr. Prasanna Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Human Infections

Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been recognized as an important agent of human infection since the past five decades.  Currently, there are 38 species of CoNS isolated from various human infections. Methods: A observational descriptive study conduct on 71 samples collected from the hospitalized patients and nonhospitalized patients. Various samples like Urine, body fluids, pus, blood, swabs (wound, high vaginal, nose, throat) and other clinical samples were collected from patients attending outpatient departments (OPD) and admitted in wards and ICUs in NIMS hospital and processed for isolation and identification of Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) by the phenotypic methods. Results: Staphylococcus epidermidis(35.21%) isolated more in our study. Second most common species was Staphylococcus saprophyticus(33.80%). Other species that isolated were as Staphylococcus haemolyticus(15.49%), Staphylococcus lugdanensis(7.04%), Staphylococcus schleiferi(4.22%) and Staphylococcus xylosis(7.40%) Concussion- In this study, the most common species identified was S. epidermidis. Keywords: Staphylococcus, Infection, Urine, Blood, Pus.

scholarly journals The Immune Correlates of Orthohantavirus Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Joon-Yong Bae ◽  
Jin Il Kim ◽  
Mee Sook Park ◽  
Gee Eun Lee ◽  
Heedo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Current Vaccine ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Sense Of Urgency

Zoonotic transmission of orthohantaviruses from rodent reservoirs to humans has been the cause of severe fatalities. Human infections are reported worldwide, but vaccines have been approved only in China and Korea. Orthohantavirus vaccine development has been pursued with no sense of urgency due to the relative paucity of cases in countries outside China and Korea. However, the orthohantaviruses continuously evolve in hosts and thus the current vaccine may not work as well against some variants. Therefore, a more effective vaccine should be prepared against the orthohantaviruses. In this review, we discuss the issues caused by the orthohantavirus vaccine. Given the pros and cons of the orthohantavirus vaccine, we suggest strategies for the development of better vaccines in terms of pandemic preparedness.

scholarly journals Organoids to Dissect Gastrointestinal Virus–Host Interactions: What Have We Learned?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Sue E. Crawford ◽  
Sasirekha Ramani ◽  
Sarah E. Blutt ◽  
Mary K. Estes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Human Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Human Viruses ◽  
Human Infections

Historically, knowledge of human host–enteric pathogen interactions has been elucidated from studies using cancer cells, animal models, clinical data, and occasionally, controlled human infection models. Although much has been learned from these studies, an understanding of the complex interactions between human viruses and the human intestinal epithelium was initially limited by the lack of nontransformed culture systems, which recapitulate the relevant heterogenous cell types that comprise the intestinal villus epithelium. New investigations using multicellular, physiologically active, organotypic cultures produced from intestinal stem cells isolated from biopsies or surgical specimens provide an exciting new avenue for understanding human specific pathogens and revealing previously unknown host–microbe interactions that affect replication and outcomes of human infections. Here, we summarize recent biologic discoveries using human intestinal organoids and human enteric viral pathogens.

scholarly journals Controlled Human Infections As a Tool to Reduce Uncertainty in Clinical Vaccine Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meta Roestenberg ◽  
Ingrid M. C. Kamerling ◽  
Saco J. de Visser
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Human Infections

scholarly journals Subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens in Sri Lanka: A potential risk of transmitting human dirofilariasis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1770137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayana Gunathilaka ◽  
Shirom Siriwardana ◽  
Lakmini Wijesooriya ◽  
Gayana Gunaratne ◽  
Nilanga Perera
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Human Dirofilariasis ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Controlling Measures

Objective: Dirofilariasis is a parasitic infection caused by filarial nematodes belonging to the genus Dirofilaria. Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens has been widely reported from European countries. Sri Lanka is the most affected country in Asia with an infection rate of almost 60% in dog population. However, human infection of D. repens remains undiagnosed and many of the cases are not scientifically documented. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation is to document the presence of dirofilariasis infections in humans. Method: A 1 year and 10 months old boy from Ragama, Gampaha District, Western Province of Sri Lanka, was presented to a private hospital with a painless, non-pruritic and ill-defined subcutaneous nodule on his right hypochondrial region of the anterior abdominal wall for 1 week. On examination, there was a non-tender swelling measuring 2 cm × 2 cm in the anterior abdominal wall, with surrounding mild redness. The patient was referred for ultrasound confirmation. Results: The ultrasound scan revealed a hypoechoic nodular lesion measuring 11 mm × 6 mm in the anterior abdominal wall. Parasitological examination on the excised nodule confirmed the presence of D. repens measuring 10.5 cm in length having characteristic cuticle with longitudinal ridges. Conclusion: It is essential to record the human infections and increase the awareness about this infection, diagnostic tests and vector controlling measures, in order to reduce the disease prevalence through suppressing vector densities, proper diagnosis and patient care.

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