scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rajesh Kumar Meena ◽  
Dr. Prasanna Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Human Infections

Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been recognized as an important agent of human infection since the past five decades.  Currently, there are 38 species of CoNS isolated from various human infections. Methods: A observational descriptive study conduct on 71 samples collected from the hospitalized patients and nonhospitalized patients. Various samples like Urine, body fluids, pus, blood, swabs (wound, high vaginal, nose, throat) and other clinical samples were collected from patients attending outpatient departments (OPD) and admitted in wards and ICUs in NIMS hospital and processed for isolation and identification of Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) by the phenotypic methods. Results: Staphylococcus epidermidis(35.21%) isolated more in our study. Second most common species was Staphylococcus saprophyticus(33.80%). Other species that isolated were as Staphylococcus haemolyticus(15.49%), Staphylococcus lugdanensis(7.04%), Staphylococcus schleiferi(4.22%) and Staphylococcus xylosis(7.40%) Concussion- In this study, the most common species identified was S. epidermidis. Keywords: Staphylococcus, Infection, Urine, Blood, Pus.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characterization of dermatophytes at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Kumar ◽  
Vandana Upadhyay ◽  
Amresh K. Singh ◽  
Jayesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Superficial Mycosis

Background and Purpose: Superficial mycosis is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries, such as India. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the epidemiology of superficial mycosis and identify the most common dermatophytic species in this region. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, a total of 220 skin scraping, nail, and hair root specimens were collected. Direct microscopic examination was performed using potassium hydroxide mount. Additionally, the samples were inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and dermatophyte test medium (DTM). The fungal colony of each isolates was stained with lactophenol cotton blue mount, and observed under microscope for species identification. Results: Out of 220 isolates, 172 samples, obtained from 108 males 64 females, were positive for skin fungal infections by either KOH mount or culture. Furthermore, 113 isolates were identified as dermatophytes, while 59 samples were found to be non-dermatophytes. Among the dermatophytes isolated from different clinical samples, Trichophyton verrucosum (42/113, 38%) was the most common species, and Tinea corporis was the most common infection (36.2%). Conclusion: As the findings indicated, dermatophytes had an isolation rate of 78%, which is higher than normal. This can be due to the fact that the majority of the patients were from a rural background (71.7%) with a low socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene who were exposed to climatic changes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandira Sarkar ◽  
Jagadananda Jena ◽  
Dipti Pattnaik ◽  
Bandana Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) have emerged as a major concern for nosocomial infections. They exhibit resistance not only to the beta-lactam and other group of antibiotics but also to carbapenems. This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of nonfermenters from clinical samples along with their antimicrobial susceptibility profile.Methods: A cross-sectional study over a period of 21 months in the microbiology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital was done. Clinical samples were processed by conventional bacteriological methods for isolation and identification. Susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute.Results: 411 nonfermenters (13.18%) were isolated from 3116 culture positive clinical samples. Out of these nonfermenters, most were Acinetobacter baumannii (51.34%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.09%), Burkholderia cepacia complex (4.38%) and others (2.19%). Others included Burkholderia pseudomellei, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Highest sensitivity to gentamicin and amikacin were shown by A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa respectively while both were mostly resistant to ceftriaxone. Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas species showed 100% sensitivity to cotrimoxazole. A. baumannii was the most prevalent nonfermenter in intensive care units.Conclusions: Timely identification of nonfermenters and monitoring their susceptibility patterns will help in proper management of infections caused by them. Improved antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures should be implemented to prevent nosocomial infections and spread of drug resistant nonfermenters.

scholarly journals To determine antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm production among coagulase negative staphylococci at a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Naga Sri Latha Bathala ◽  
M Sasidhar ◽  
S Kusuma Bai
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional

CoNS are gaining importance due to increase in resistance rates to betalactam antibiotics and multi drug resistance. Although specific virulence factors are not as clearly established, it seems clear that factors such as bacterial polysaccharide components, and ability to form biofilm are involved in attachment and/or persistence of bacteria on foreign materials. Biofilms usually result in persistent infections that cannot be easily resolved with standard antibiotic treatments; therefore, the biofilm formation ability and the resistance to antimicrobial therapy can be intimately related. A prospective cross-sectional study was done on purely isolated CoNS from various clinical samples from both out patients and inpatients. All the test strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The ability to produce biofilm was detected by tube adherence method. Among 193 CoNS isolates 156 were from inpatients and 37 were from out patients. Methicillin resistant was seen in 80.31%. Of the total, 40.41% showed moderate biofilm formation by tube adherence method. 23.32% of isolates did not form biofilm. All the isolates from blood samples showed moderate (20/26) and strong (6/26) biofilm formation. Among non biofilm producers 66.67% were MS CoNS isolates and 33.33% were MRCoNS. 94.59% of biofilm producers were MRCoNS and 5.41% were MSCoNS. Production of biofilm was relatively more (1.16) among CoNS isolates of IPD than OPD.  As Coagulase negative Staphylocooci are exhibiting multi drug resistance and are able to form biofilm, these organisms causing a major challenge for the physicians. Hence, such problems can be prevented by detection of biofilm producers and appropriate antibiotic doses modification. The issue of antibiotic resistance among CoNS needs to be addressed through a more rational use of existing antibiotics as well as the development of new antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Frequency of Isolation of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus from Blood Cultures and its Antibiogram

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Nadia Aslam ◽  
Nazma Kiran ◽  
Naima Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
One Year

Background: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci are members of stable skin inhabitants. They are frequent contaminants in blood cultures and can lead to unnecessary exposure of patients to antimicrobial drugs and excess hospital costs. This study aims to estimate the frequency of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci in blood cultures and their antibiograms. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary care hospital over one year from April 2018 to March 2019. Blood cultures received in the laboratory were processed to isolate Coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Susceptibility to various antimicrobial drugs was detected by disc diffusion method and E-strips. Results: A total of 13802 blood cultures were processed in one year. 1750 blood cultures yielded bacterial growth and 374 blood cultures were positive for Staphylococci. Out of these 374 blood cultures, 97 were categorized as Staphylococcus aureus and 277 were Coagulase-negative Staphylococci. Out of 13802 total blood cultures performed during study period, 277 blood cultures positive with Coagulase negative Staphylococcus means contamination rate of 2% out of total blood cultures. 277 Coagulase negative Staphylococcus positive cultures out of 1750 positive blood cultures means contamination rate of 15.8% out of positive blood cultures. Among Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, 68.2% isolates were resistant to Cefoxitin, 95.3% to Penicillin, 85.1% to Erythromycin, 37.5% to Ciprofloxacin, 59.6% to Gentamicin, 68.6% to Fusidic acid, 3.6% to Teichoplanin, and 1.4% to Linezolid. All isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin. Conclusion: The rate of blood culture contamination was 2% out of total blood cultures and 15.8% out of positive blood cultures.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of biofilm producing Staphylococci isolated from different clinical samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Shova Tuladhar ◽  
Raju Shrestha ◽  
Sunil Lekhak ◽  
Mahesh Chaudhary ◽  
Sarita Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Abstract Background: Biofilm mediated infection by Staphylococci have a significant negative impact on patient health and necessitate reliable method for detecting biofilm producers. The ability of isolates to produce biofilm make them resistant to host immune response as well as available antibiotics. This study aims to detect biofilm producing ability among clinical staphylococci by phenotypic methods and presence of icaAD genes as well as their antibiotic profile. Methods: A total of 4063 different clinical specimen received in the tertiary care hospital of Nepal were examined and Staphylococci were identified following standard microbiological procedure. The antibiotic resistivity pattern was detected by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method whereas biofilm formation was detected by three phenotypic methods viz. congo red agar (CRA), tube method (TM) and tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Furthermore, icaAD genes were detected by PCR method. Results: A total of 161 Staphylococci were isolated comprising S. aureus (63, 39.1%) and CNS (98, 60.9%). The isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin and erythromycin. Strong biofilm formation was detected among 6 (3.7%), 22 (13.7%) and 35 (21.7%) by CRA, TM and TCP method respectively. Similarly, among 24 (14.9%) isolates icaAD genes were detected. Biofilm formation was found to be correlated with methicillin resistance. Conclusion: The study showed significant association between phenotypic production of biofilm and presence of ica genes. The biofilm producing isolates were found to be resistant to antibiotics than biofilm non producers.

scholarly journals Speciation of candida species isolated in clinical samples in a tertiary health care centre in Northern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Pavneet Kaur ◽  
Tania Rawat ◽  
Sarabjeet Sharma ◽  
Parmeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Sugar Fermentation ◽  
Culture Identification

The purpose of this study is to isolate, identify and specification of various the Candida species from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital, and to characterize various the isolated Candida species. A study was conducted on people of different age groups from January 2019 to December 2019. Candida species isolated from different patients by using Potassium Hydroxide mount and processed by BacTalert 3D (Biomerieux) automated blood culture system. Further culture identification of Candida species were done on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Speciation of Candida was done using Germ tube test, CHROM agar Candida Medium, Cornmeal agar, Sugar Fermentation test and Sugar Assimilation test.In our study was the most common species isolated, among non albicans Candida i.e. 21 (38.9%); 19(35.2%) of was the most common followed by 9(16.7%) ofand 5(9.3%) of . Maximum number of Candida isolates were obtained from NICU i.e. 27(50.0%) followed by 11 from Med (20.3%), 7 from E/W (13.0%), 2 from BICU (3.7%), 2 from Skin (3.7%), 1 from PICU (1.9%), and 1 from R/R (1.9%).Our study showed that is the most common isolates species. Among , was found to be the most common isolate followed by . Children less than 1 year are most affected with maximum number of Candida species were obtained from NICU department. HiChrom Candida is proven to be more useful as differential agar.

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