scholarly journals Mental health and resilience among Eritrean refugees at arrival and one-year post-registration in Switzerland: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afona Chernet ◽  
Nicole Probst-Hensch ◽  
Véronique Sydow ◽  
Daniel H. Paris ◽  
Niklaus D. Labhardt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract Objective Eritrea is the most frequent country of origin among asylum seekers in Switzerland. On their journey through the desert and across the Mediterranean Sea, Eritrea refugees are often exposed to traumatizing experiences. The aim of this study is to assess the mental health status and resilience of Eritrean migrants in Switzerland upon arrival and one-year post-arrival, using standardized mental health screening and resilience assessment tools. Results At baseline, 107 refugees (11.2% female, median age 25) were interviewed: 52 (48.6%) screened positive for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (score ≥ 30), 10.3% for anxiety (≥ 10) and 15.0% for depression (≥ 10); 17.8% scored as risk/hazardous drinkers (≥ 8). The majority (94.4%) had a high resilience score (≥ 65). For one-year follow-up, 48 asylum seekers could be reached. In interviews 18 (38%) of these reported imprisonment in a transit country and 28 (58%) that they had witnessed the death of a close person along the migration route. At the one year assessment, rates of risky/hazardous alcohol use remained unchanged, rates of positive PTSD screening tended to be lower (50.0% (24/48) at baseline vs 25.0% (12/48) at follow-up), as were rates of positive screening for anxiety (8.3% vs 4.2%) and depression (14.6 vs 6.3%).

scholarly journals Mental Health and Resilience among Eritrean Refugees at Arrival and One-Year Post-Registration in Switzerland: A Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afona Chernet ◽  
Nicole Probst-Hensch ◽  
Véronique Sydow ◽  
Daniel Henry Paris ◽  
Niklaus Daniel Labhardt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract Objective:Eritrea tops the list of origin of asylum seekers in Switzerland. On their journey through the desert and across the Mediterranean Sea, refugees may be exposed to traumatizing experiences. The aim of this study is to assess the mental health status of Eritrean migrants in Switzerland upon arrival and one-year post-arrival, using standardized mental health screening tools. Results:At baseline, 107 refugees (11.2% female, median age 25) were interviewed: 52 (48.6%) screened positive for PTSD (score ≥30), 10.3% for anxiety (≥10) and 15.0% for depression (≥10); 17.8% scored as risk/hazardous drinkers (≥8). The majority (94.4%) had a high resilience score (≥65). For one-year follow-up, 48 asylum seekers could be reached. In interviews 18 (38%) of these reported imprisonment in a transit country and 28 (58%) that they had witnessed the death of a close person along the migration route. At the one year assessment, rates of risky/hazardous alcohol use remained unchanged, rates of positive PTSD screening tended to be lower (50.0% (24/48) at baseline vs 25.0% (12/48) at follow-up), as were rates of positive screening for anxiety (8.3% vs 4.2%) and depression (14.6 vs 6.3%).

Impact of exposure to combat during deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on mental health by gender

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Woodhead ◽  
S. Wessely ◽  
N. Jones ◽  
N. T. Fear ◽  
S. L. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundInterest in the mental health of women deployed to modern military campaigns is increasing, although research examining gender differences is limited. Little is known about experiences women have had on these deployments, or whether men and women respond differently to combat exposure.MethodThe current study used data from a representative sample of UK Armed Forces personnel to examine gender differences among those deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan (n=432 women,n=4554 men) in three measures of experience: ‘risk to self’, ‘trauma to others’ and ‘appraisal of deployment’. We examined the impact of such experiences on post-deployment symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD) and hazardous alcohol use.ResultsAfter adjustment, men reported more exposure to ‘risk to self’ and ‘trauma to others’ events and more negative appraisals of their deployment. Among both genders, all measures of combat experience were associated with symptoms of PTSD and CMD (except ‘risk to self’ events on symptoms of CMD among women) but not with alcohol misuse. Women reported higher scores on the PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version (PCL-C) among those exposed to lower levels of each experience type but this did not hold in the higher levels. Women reported greater symptoms of CMD and men reported greater hazardous alcohol use across both levels of each experience type. Examining men and women separately suggested similar responses to exposure to adverse combat experiences.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that, although gender differences in mental health exist, the impact of deployment on mental health is similar among men and women.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated With Mental Health Symptoms in Adults Undergoing Covid-19 Testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110271
Author(s):  
Ikponmwosa Osaghae ◽  
Linh K. Nguyen ◽  
Tong Han Chung ◽  
Olivia Moffitt ◽  
Yen-Chi L. Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

Background and objective: Understanding the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons receiving COVID-19 testing will help guide mental health interventions. We aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic factors and mental health symptoms at 8 weeks (baseline) after a COVID-19 test, and compare prevalence of mental health symptoms at baseline to those at 16-week follow-up. Materials and Methods: Prospective cohort study of adults who received outpatient COVID-19 testing at primary care clinics. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 test results with mental health symptoms. Mental health symptoms reported at baseline were compared to symptoms at 16 weeks follow-up using conditional logistic regression analyses. Results: At baseline, a total of 124 (47.51%) participants reported at least mild depressive symptoms, 110 (42.15%) participants endorsed at least mild anxiety symptoms, and 94 participants (35.21%) endorsed hazardous use of alcohol. Females compared to males were at increased risk of at least mild depressive symptoms at baseline (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.08; 95% CI: 1.14-3.79). The odds of at least mild depressive symptoms was significantly lower among those residing in zip codes within the highest quartile compared to lowest quartile of household income (AOR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.17-0.81). Also, non-Hispanic Whites had significantly higher odds of reporting hazardous alcohol use compared to non-Whites at baseline (AOR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.05-3.57). The prevalence of mental health symptoms remained elevated after 16 weeks. Conclusion and Relevance: We found a high burden of symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as hazardous alcohol use in a diverse population who received testing for COVID-19 in the primary care setting. Primary care providers need to remain vigilant in screening for symptoms of mental health disorders in patients tested for COVID-19 well after initial testing.

Catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy treatment of saphenous vein incompetence

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asciutto ◽  
Lindblad
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Foam Sclerotherapy ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Ulcer Healing Rate ◽  
Complete Obliteration ◽  
Ceap Classification ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Background: The aim of this study is to report the short-term results of catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy (CDFS) in the treatment of axial saphenous vein incompetence. Patients and methods: Data of all patients undergoing CDFS for symptomatic primary incompetence of the great or small saphenous vein were prospectively collected. Treatment results in terms of occlusion rate and patients’ grade of satisfaction were analysed. All successfully treated patients underwent clinical and duplex follow-up examinations one year postoperatively. Results: Between September 2006 and September 2010, 357 limbs (337 patients) were treated with CDFS at our institution. Based on the CEAP classification, 64 were allocated to clinical class C3 , 128 to class C4, 102 to class C5 and 63 to class C6. Of the 188 patients who completed the one year follow up examination, 67 % had a complete and 14 % a near complete obliteration of the treated vessel. An ulcer-healing rate of 54 % was detected. 92 % of the patients were satisfied with the results of treatment. We registered six cases of thrombophlebitis and two cases of venous thromboembolism, all requiring treatment. Conclusions: The short-term results of CDFS in patients with axial vein incompetence are acceptable in terms of occlusion and complications rates.

scholarly journals A machine learning approach for predicting suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Macalli ◽  
Marie Navarro ◽  
Massimiliano Orri ◽  
Marie Tournier ◽  
Rodolphe Thiébaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
One Year

AbstractSuicidal thoughts and behaviours are prevalent among college students. Yet little is known about screening tools to identify students at higher risk. We aimed to develop a risk algorithm to identify the main predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students within one-year of baseline assessment. We used data collected in 2013–2019 from the French i-Share cohort, a longitudinal population-based study including 5066 volunteer students. To predict suicidal thoughts and behaviours at follow-up, we used random forests models with 70 potential predictors measured at baseline, including sociodemographic and familial characteristics, mental health and substance use. Model performance was measured using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, and positive predictive value. At follow-up, 17.4% of girls and 16.8% of boys reported suicidal thoughts and behaviours. The models achieved good predictive performance: AUC, 0.8; sensitivity, 79% for girls, 81% for boys; and positive predictive value, 40% for girls and 36% for boys. Among the 70 potential predictors, four showed the highest predictive power: 12-month suicidal thoughts, trait anxiety, depression symptoms, and self-esteem. We identified a parsimonious set of mental health indicators that accurately predicted one-year suicidal thoughts and behaviours in a community sample of college students.

scholarly journals One-year results of half-dose versus one-third-dose photodynamic therapy in chronic or recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirarattanasopa Pichai ◽  
Banchasakjaroen Vanchalerm ◽  
Ratanasukon Mansing
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Half Dose ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is characterized by an accumulation of subretinal fluid (SRF) in the macula. It is usually treated by laser photocoagulation or photodynamic therapy (PDT) with consisting of different doses and power. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of half-dose PDT and one-third-dose PDT in chronic or recurrent CSC. Methods A retrospective review of patients with chronic or recurrent CSC who were treated with either a half-dose or one-third-dose PDT, and had follow up 12 months afterwards. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT) and resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF) at baseline as well as 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post-PDT were assessed. Results Forty-six eyes and 20 eyes received half-dose and one-third-dose PDT, respectively. The study showed efficacy of the one-third-dose PDT compared with half-dose PDT in BCVA improvement (0.10±0.04 logMAR for one-third-dose versus 0.17±0.04, for half-dose, P=0.148) and CRT improvement (125.6±24.6 μm for one-third-dose versus 139.1±16.54, for half-dose, P=0.933) at 12 months. The SRF recurrence rate was significantly higher in the one-third-dose PDT group compared with the half-dose PDT group (40.0% versus 15.2%, P=0.027) at 12-months. Conclusion At 12 months, the one-third-dose PDT was effective in terms of BCVA and CRT improvement, when compared with half-dose PDT. However, this study showed that one-third-dose PDT had a higher recurrence rate of SRF.

scholarly journals Impact of atrial fibrillation pattern on outcomes after left atrial appendage closure: lessons from the prospective LAARGE registry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinwan Kany ◽  
Johannes Brachmann ◽  
Thorsten Lewalter ◽  
Ibrahim Akin ◽  
Horst Sievert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Systemic Embolism ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract Background Non-paroxysmal (NPAF) forms of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been reported to be associated with an increased risk for systemic embolism or death. Methods Comparison of procedural details and long-term outcomes in patients (pts) with paroxysmal AF (PAF) against controls with NPAF in the prospective, multicentre observational registry of patients undergoing LAAC (LAARGE). Results A total of 638 pts (PAF 274 pts, NPAF 364 pts) were enrolled. In both groups, a history of PVI was rare (4.0% vs 1.6%, p = 0.066). The total CHA2DS2-VASc score was lower in the PAF group (4.4 ± 1.5 vs 4.6 ± 1.5, p = 0.033), while HAS-BLED score (3.8 ± 1.1 vs 3.9 ± 1.1, p = 0.40) was comparable. The rate of successful implantation was equally high (97.4% vs 97.8%, p = 0.77). In the three-month echo follow-up, LA thrombi (2.1% vs 7.3%, p = 0.12) and peridevice leak > 5 mm (0.0% vs 7.1%, p = 0.53) were numerically higher in the NPAF group. Overall, in-hospital complications occurred in 15.0% of the PAF cohort and 10.7% of the NPAF cohort (p = 0.12). In the one-year follow-up, unadjusted mortality (8.4% vs 14.0%, p = 0.039) and combined outcome of death, stroke and systemic embolism (8.8% vs 15.1%, p = 0.022) were significantly higher in the NPAF cohort. After adjusting for CHA2DS2-VASc and previous bleeding, NPAF was associated with increased death/stroke/systemic embolism (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.02–2.72, p = 0.041). Conclusion Atrial fibrillation type did not impair periprocedural safety or in-hospital MACE patients undergoing LAAC. However, after one year, NPAF was associated with higher mortality. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Time Waits for No One: Longitudinal Study on the Effects of an Anti-Stigma Seminar on the Psychology Student Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5441
Author(s):  
Luca Pingani ◽  
Sara Evans-Lacko ◽  
Sandra Coriani ◽  
Silvia Ferrari ◽  
Maria Filosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Intended Behaviour

The primary aim is to describe the changes in the knowledge of mental health conditions, the attitudes toward the mentally ill, and the intended behaviour towards people with mental illness among the entire student population of the third year of a degree course in Psychology. A total of 570 students attended a seminar on stigma towards mental illness and were invited to complete an online survey which collected data on sociodemographic characteristics and three validated questionnaires evaluating different aspects of stigma at three different time points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at one year follow up). A total of 253 students (44.39%) completed the questionnaires at t0, t1, and t2. The mean age of the sample was 23.7 (SD = ±5.89), and 86.96% (n = 220) were females. Between t0 and t1, a statistically significant improvement was observed for all three outcomes, while the intended behaviour outcome was no longer significant between t1 and t2 (Z = −0.70; p = 0.48). Females and who participated live at the seminar maintained a significant knowledge of mental illness and a better attitude toward community mental health care. The effects of the seminar focused on reducing stigma tended to diminish over time at one year follow-up, particular in relation to intended behaviour.

scholarly journals Persistent level of mental distress in PTSD patients is not reflected in cytokine levels one year after treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Helge Toft ◽  
Jørgen Bramness ◽  
Terje Tilden ◽  
Ingeborg Bolstad ◽  
Lars Lien
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
One Year ◽  
Circulating Inflammatory Markers

Abstract Objective Cross-sectional data show that Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients often have increased levels of circulating inflammatory markers. There is, however, still a paucity of longitudinal studies with long follow-up times on levels of cytokines in such patients. The current study assesses patients with and without PTSD diagnosis one year after discharge from inpatient treatment. Methods Patients in treatment for serious non-psychotic mental disorders were recruited at the beginning of their treatment stay at a psychiatric center in Norway. Ninety patients submitted serum samples and filled out the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90 Revised Global Severity Index (HSCL-90R GSI) questionnaire during their main stay and at a follow-up stay one year after discharge. Of these patients, 33 were diagnosed with PTSD, 48 with anxiety, depression or eating disorder, while nine patients had missing data. The patients were diagnosed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Results At the follow-up stay (T3), PTSD patients had higher levels of GSI scores than non-PTSD patients (p = 0.048). These levels were unchanged from the year before (T2) in both groups. The levels of circulating cytokines/chemokine did not differ between the PTSD and non-PTSD patients at T3. At T2, however, the PTSD and non-PTSD groups exhibited different levels of IL-1β (p = 0.053), IL-1RA (p = 0.042) and TNF-α (p = 0.037), with the PTSD patients having the higher levels. Conclusion Despite exhibiting different mental distress scores, the PTSD and non-PTSD patients did not differ regarding levels of circulating inflammatory markers at one-year follow-up. Significant outcome PTSD and non-PTSD patients show persistently different scores of mental distress one year after psychiatric treatment. In contrast, their cytokine levels do not differ one year after discharge from a psychiatric treatment inpatient stay. Limitations The patients with higher scores of mental distress were those who attended the follow-up stay, introducing a selection bias to the study. Further, it was not assessed whether the patients were fasting or smoking cigarettes prior to blood collection, or their sleeping or physical exercise status.

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