scholarly journals Single‐cell transcriptomic landscape reveals the differences in cell differentiation and immune microenvironment of papillary thyroid carcinoma between genders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaoguan Peng ◽  
Guohong Wei ◽  
Yunjian Zhang ◽  
Hai Li ◽  
Yingrong Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main pathological type of thyroid carcinoma (TC). Gender is a prominent background parameter for patients with PTC. Here, we aimed to delineate the differences in cell clusters and immune microenvironment in relation to gender in PTC. Methods We generated 6720, 14,666, and 33,373 single-cell transcriptomes that were pooled from the tissues of four male patients with PTC, seven female patients with PTC, and three patients with nodular goiter, respectively. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) based on BD Rhapsody and characterized the first single-cell transcriptomic landscape of PTC involving gender. The differential cell clusters and their gene profiles were identified and analyzed via a multi-resolution network in male and female patients. The interactions of fibroblasts and endothelial cells with malignant epithelial cells and the difference in the immune infiltration of B and T lymphocytes according to gender were assessed. Results Malignant epithelial cells were divided into two distinct subsets in male and female patients with PTC. Moreover, significant differences involving inferred copy-number variations (CNVs), gene profiles, and cell differentiation were detected between male and female patients. Regarding the interactions of fibroblasts and endothelial cells with malignant epithelial cells, members of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) family and their receptors were considered as typical in female patients with PTC, while transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) and its receptors were typical of male patients with PTC. The characteristics of B cells, including cell clusters, cell differentiation, and dominant gene sets, were significantly different between genders. Conclusions Our data revealed the detailed differences in cell clusters and immune microenvironment in PTC according to gender at the single-cell level, which provided new insights into the understanding of the impact of gender on PTC.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Transcriptomic Landscape Reveals the Differences in Cell Differentiation and Immune Microenvironment of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Between Genders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaoguan Peng ◽  
Guohong Wei ◽  
Yunjian Zhang ◽  
Hai Li ◽  
Yingrong Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the main pathological type of thyroid carcinoma (TC). Gender is a prominent background parameter for patients with PTC. Here, we aimed to delineate the differences in cell clusters and immune microenvironment in relation to gender in PTC.ResultsMalignant epithelial cells were divided into two distinct subsets in male and female patients with PTC. Moreover, significant differences involving copy-number variations (CNVs), gene profiles, and cell differentiation were detected between male and female patients. Regarding the interactions of fibroblasts and endothelial cells with malignant epithelial cells, members of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) family and their receptors were considered as typical in female patients with PTC, while transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) and its receptors were typical of male patients with PTC. The characteristics of B cells, including cell clusters, cell differentiation, and dominant gene sets, were significantly different between genders. ConclusionsOur data revealed the detailed differences in cell clusters and immune microenvironment in PTC according to gender at the single-cell level, which provided new insights into the understanding of the impact of gender on PTC.

scholarly journals Sex-Disaggregated Data on Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengdie Wang ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Changjun Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Heping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Male Patients

BackgroundSex and gender are crucial variables in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to provide information on differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between male and female patients and to explore the effect of estrogen in disease outcomes in patients with COVID-19.MethodIn this retrospective, multi-center study, we included all confirmed cases of COVID-19 admitted to four hospitals in Hubei province, China from Dec 31, 2019 to Mar 31, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analyzed for demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters. Random-effect logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between sex and disease outcomes.ResultsA total of 2501 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included in the present study. The clinical manifestations of male and female patients with COVID-19 were similar, while male patients have more comorbidities than female patients. In terms of laboratory findings, compared with female patients, male patients were more likely to have lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, inflammatory response, hypoproteinemia, and extrapulmonary organ damage. Random-effect logistic regression analysis indicated that male patients were more likely to progress into severe type, and prone to ARDS, secondary bacterial infection, and death than females. However, there was no significant difference in disease outcomes between postmenopausal and premenopausal females after propensity score matching (PSM) by age.ConclusionsMale patients, especially those age-matched with postmenopausal females, are more likely to have poor outcomes. Sex-specific differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes do exist in patients with COVID-19, but estrogen may not be the primary cause. Further studies are needed to explore the causes of the differences in disease outcomes between the sexes.

A Novel DNA/RNA FISH X Inactivation Assay Reveals a Nonrandom, Ploidy-Dependent Acquisition of the Active and Inactive X Chromosomes in Childhood Hyperdiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL).

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1080-1080
Author(s):  
Oskar A. Haas ◽  
Petra Zeitlhofer ◽  
Sabine Strehl ◽  
Michael Pfeilstoecker ◽  
Margit Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Rna Fish ◽  
Random Fashion ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract The most common numerical chromosome aberration in childhood ALL and NHL is the gain of an extra X chromosome in both male and female patients. We were therefore interested to investigate whether this non-disjunction event affects the active and inactive X chromosomes in a random or non-random fashion. In female cases both the active or inactive X may be duplicated randomly or non-randomly, whereas in male patients only the solitary active homologue can be copied. However, in theory a duplicated active X might subsequently also be subjected to de novo inactivation in both sexes. The inactivation status of acquired X chromosomes is usually evaluated by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR), which allows the simultaneous quantification of various differentially methylated polymorphic DNA sequences on the X chromosome, such as those contained in the HUMARA or FMR1 genes. Previous evidence from such analyses suggested that in NHL patients the acquired X chromosomes are and remain always active in male patients, whereas in females both the active and inactive X are duplicated in a random fashion (McDonald et al, Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer 28:246;2000). In childhood ALL this issue has not yet been investigated. However, quantification with MS-PCR has its limitations, especially in cases with low blast cells numbers. To overcome this problem, we have therefore developed a simultaneous dual-color DNA/RNA FISH assay that enables the enumeration of active and inactive X chromosomes on a single cell level. FISH was performed with probes specific for the X centromere and the XIST RNA, which is exclusively expressed from and covers vast parts of the inactive X in human interphase cells. Following the successful evaluation of the assay on methanol/acetic acid-fixed cells that were obtained from 10 healthy individuals and 23 cases with various constitutional X chromosome aneuploidies, we analyzed 54 methanol/acetic acid-fixed samples from hyperdiploid cases of childhood ALL and 29 from NHL. The ALL cases comprised 24 males with two X, 23 females with three X and seven females with four X. The NHL cases consisted of 18 male (9 in the hypo- to hyperdiploid and 9 in the pseudotriploid to pseudotetraploid range) and 11 female patients (7 with three X and 4 with four X chromosomes). In contrast to all constitutional control samples, which as expected contained only one active X, two of the three X in leukemic cell samples from both male and female patients were active. The only exception was a male patient, who most likely was a Klinefelter syndrome with a constitutional XXY. In contrast, all female patients with four X had duplicated both the active and inactive X chromosome. These findings prove that irrespective of the sex of the patient, the active X is exclusively duplicated in cases with three X chromosomes. The consistent gain of both the active and inactive X in female cases with four X, on the other hand, further corroborates previously established evidence that in all instances a single non-discjunction event leads to the maldistribution of chromosomes irrespective of the ploidy range. Moreover, the exclusive presence of duplicated active X chromosomes in hyperdiploid ALL concurs with and explains the results of gene expression profiling studies, which have shown a corresponding over-expression of X-encoded genes.

scholarly journals T150. SEX DIFFERENCES IN PEOPLE WITH PSYCHOSIS: FINDINGS FROM A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE IN KOSOVO

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S288-S288
Author(s):  
Manuela Russo ◽  
Fitim Uka ◽  
Jon Konjufca ◽  
Fjolla Ramadani ◽  
Dashamir Berxulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background The need for mental health care services is particularly high in low and middle income countries (LMICs) where socio-economic factors have a deep impact on treatment and management of psychosis. Lack of funds and qualified professional represent the main challenge to treatment gap leaving between 36% and 45% of people with psychosis without care for their condition thus having a huge impact at individual and societal level. Although data from epidemiological research show that prevalence of psychosis is equal between sexes, some differences in terms of needs for care might be relevant, particularly in a context that has been affected by dramatic socio-economic and cultural changes. In this study we explore in a representative sample of people with psychosis from Kosovo*, as part of a large multi-country study (EU-funded IMPULSE project), whether demographic, socio-economic and clinical differences exist between male and female patients. Methods Data on demographic, socio-economic characteristics, use of psychosocial treatment and medication was collected; general level of psychopathology and negative symptoms were assessed through the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms. Male and female patients were compared in terms of demographic, socio-economic and clinical characteristics using Chi-square and independent sample t- test as appropriate. Results The sample (n=103) was composed by 33 female and 70 male patients with psychosis. The two groups did not show any statistically significant difference in age, employment, level of education; however, marital status seems to differ with higher proportion of women being separated (p=0.009). No differences emerged in monthly income, while a trend of significance (p=0.079) suggested that female patients had slightly higher financial benefits than their male counterpart. While there was no difference in terms of psychiatric diagnosis, higher depressive (p=0.017) and paranoid symptoms (at trend level, p=0.054) were reported by females patients. There were no differences on antipsychotic medication. Attendance of a psychosocial treatment was higher in male than in female patients (80% vs 57.6%; p=0.017) without any difference though in the type of approach. Overall, patients who attended a psychosocial treatment had lower negative symptoms (p<0.001) compared to those who did not. Discussion Female patients with psychosis were found to have a worse clinical presentation compared to male patients, and to have a lower attendance to psychosocial treatment. Regardless of sex, psychosocial treatment seems to be associated to less negative symptomatology. More research is needed to better characterise clinical presentation of people with psychosis in LMICs and to understand whether access to mental health service, particularly psychosocial intervention, is accountable to clinical characteristics or to contextual factors, social and/or economic in nature. Offering psychosocial intervention to this clinical population could alleviate burden of the illness in this clinical population.

scholarly journals Autologous Osteochondral Transplantation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Does Gender Impact Outcomes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0022
Author(s):  
Arianna L. Gianakos ◽  
Olasunmbo Okedele ◽  
Sean Flynn ◽  
John G. Kennedy ◽  
Christopher W. DiGiovanni
Keyword(s):  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Osteochondral Transplantation ◽  
Autologous Osteochondral Transplantation ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean

Category: Ankle; Arthroscopy Introduction/Purpose: Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is commonly used in the treatment of osteochondral lesions (OCL) of the talus. There is limited data comparing gender differences in the incidence, presentation, and outcomes following AOT. The purpose of this study is to compare these differences between male and female patients. Methods: Eighty-five consecutive patients who underwent AOT were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on gender. Demographic data and OCL defect characteristic data were recorded. Functional outcomes were assessed pre- and post-operatively using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). The Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score was used to assess cartilage incorporation. The mean clinical follow-up was 47.2 months, with mean MRI follow-up of 24.8 months. Results: Fifty-five (65%) males and 30 (35%) females were included. OCL defect size was significantly larger in men (112.8mm2) when compared with women (88.7mm2) (p<0.0001). Male patients had a significantly longer duration of symptoms (p<0.001) and OCLs were more likely traumatic in nature (p=0.0006) when compared with female patients. Mean FAOS improved pre- to postoperatively from 50 to 81(P < .001) with a statistically significant increase in men (p<0.0001). The mean MOCART score was 82.1 and 86.7 in male and female patients, respectively (p<0.0001). Lesion size was negatively correlated with MOCART score (r = -0.36,P = .004). No differences were found in knee donor site morbidity, complication rate, or revision surgery. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that male patients typically present with talar OCLs that are larger in size, traumatic in nature, and with longer symptom duration when compared with female patients. In addition, male patients had greater improvement in FAOS scores following AOT. Therefore, understanding these differences may influence the management and treatment of talar OCLs in male and female patients.

Chinese Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment and Research Group (CSTAR) Registry XI: gender impact on long-term outcomes

Lupus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-641
Author(s):  
S Zhang ◽  
Z Ye ◽  
C Li ◽  
Z Li ◽  
X Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Male Patients

Objective The objective of this paper is to assess the role of gender on survival rate and causes of death and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in China from 2009 to 2015. Methods We conducted a multicenter cohort study to analyze the differences in outcome data between male and female SLE patients. A group of 1494 SLE patients who fulfilled the 1997 American College of Rheumatology SLE classification criteria were enrolled in the Chinese Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment and Research Group (CSTAR) registry from April 2009 to February 2010. All enrolled patients were followed up at least once per year from 2009 to 2015. For patients who could not attend the outpatient clinic, follow-up was conducted by telephone interview. We collected demographic data, clinical manifestations and damage scores (System Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI)). Survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results This study included 1352 women and 142 men. The five-year survival rates were 92.0% for men and 97.6% for women. The survival rates of males were significant lower than for females ( p = 0.019). Male patients received methylprednisolone pulse therapy and cyclophosphamide significantly more than female patients ( p = 0.010). During follow-up, 12 male patients and 66 female patients died. The most common cause of death was infection (41.7%) for men and active SLE disease (27.3%) for women. At the end of the study, the major accumulated organ damages included renal (8.5%) and musculoskeletal (7.7%), and nervous system (5.6%) for men and renal (8.8%) and musculoskeletal (6.7%) for women. There were no significant differences in SDI scores between the two groups at baseline and at the end of the study. Conclusions Male SLE patients had lower survival rates than female patients. Male patients received more methylprednisolone pulse and cyclophosphamide therapy. The most common causes of death were infection for male patients and active SLE disease for female patients. The major accumulated organ damages were renal, musculoskeletal, and nervous system both for male and female SLE patients in China.

scholarly journals Functional outcome in patients following cartilage regenerative treatement: outcome at minimum follow-up of 12 months

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0031
Author(s):  
Thore Zantop ◽  
Christian Zantop ◽  
Anja Hönninger ◽  
Dominik Hauner ◽  
Przemyslaw Warminski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Lysholm Score ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients

Aims and Objectives: Full thickness cartilage defects may be devastating for the patients. Even though, the surgical options have improved, only limited information for returning to sports. Aim of this study was therefore to compare the functional outcome and the return to sports rate of patients following cartilage regenerative treatment at a minimum follow up of 12 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 Patients (32 male, 18 female) undergoing cartilage regeneration using a Matrix-associated chondrocyte transplantation (MACT, Novocart, TETEC, Aesculap) (27 femorotibial, 23 patellofemoral) were evaluated at a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Follow-up was performed using a multifactorial functional analysis including isokinetic strength measurements (BTE-primus), proprioceptive tests (MTF tests), a tapping test and a 3d-motion analysis (myomotion, Noraxon) during single leg squats, bilateral drop jumps and single leg hop tests. Agility was assessed using a lateral speedchase (Globalspeed, Hemsbach). Clinical results were recorded using Tegner and Lysholm score. Results: Patients showed a Lysholm score of 86,3 +/-10,3 and 84,0 +/-13,9 for male and female, respectively. The tegner score was significantly reduced when compared to preoperatively (male 4,72 +/-1,6, female 4,75 +/-1,5). Thigh circumference was reduced by an average of 3,6 cm for male and 4,4 cm for female patients. The tapping test revealed no differences between male and female patients providing a leg symmetry index (LSI) of 102,0 (+/-8,4) with an overall average frequency of 10,14 (+/-1,27). During single leg squat male patients had a significantly lower knee flexion of 55,8 (+/-8,5) of the postoperative leg compared to the non-injured leg (62,2 +/-8,2) whereas the knee abduction was -6.8 (+/-15,1) and -11,8 -11,82 (+/-16,6) for the postoperatively and non-injured leg, respectively. Evaluating the single leg hop, the LSI of distance values was 90,8 (+/-11,9) and for height values 84,0 (+/-16,0) for the male patients. There was a trend towards reduced ROM with regard to knee flexion of the injured leg to the non-injured. Cutting time during lateral speedchase showed a LSI of 98,29 (+/-13,8) and 99,44 (+/-8,2) for male and female patients, respectively. Conclusion: This prospective analysis of patients following cartilage regeneration implicates that the use of a multifactorial “return-to-sports” analysis 12 months postoperatively provides a good correlation to the clinical outcome and scores. At this FU point, Patients following MACT show knee joint function that is close to normal.

scholarly journals Computed tomography assessment of fat distribution in male and female patients with Cushing's syndrome

2003 ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Rockall ◽  
SA Sohaib ◽  
D Evans ◽  
G Kaltsas ◽  
AM Isidori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Male Patients

OBJECTIVE: Our aims were to describe the abdominal fat distribution in male patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) on computerised tomography (CT), to compare our findings with non-cushingoid patients, to validate previous reports of increased visceral fat in female patients with CS and to identify any correlations between fat distribution and biochemical findings. DESIGN: Retrospective and observational. PATIENTS: Appropriate CT scans were identified in 31 patients (seven male) with active CS. MEASUREMENTS: Total, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were obtained. The percentage of visceral fat and the visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (V:S ratio) were calculated. Biochemical data were recorded. Control data of fat distribution were obtained from the literature. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the V:S ratio in male patients with CS when compared with non-cushingoid controls (1.175+/-0.59 vs 0.77+/-0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0817-0.728). There was a significant increase in the V:S ratio in female patients with CS (0.845+/-0.53 vs 0.38+/-0.19, 95% CI 0.269-0.661). There was no difference in the V:S ratio between male and female patients with CS (1.175+/-0.59 vs 0.845+/-0.53, 95% CI -0.144-0.804). No significant correlations between fat distribution and glucose levels, circulating cortisol, ACTH or lipids were found. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate an increase in visceral fat distribution in both male and female patients with CS, with the abolition of the normal male to female difference in visceral fat. Increased visceral fat may increase the risk of the metabolic syndrome in this group of patients.

Prognostic value of immune-related genes and comparative analysis of immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma of different genders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Fan ◽  
Chunxiang Li ◽  
Jie He
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most important subtypes of lung cancer. Compared with male LUAD patients, female patients have a higher incidence, but better long-term survival rate, with unknown reasons. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of gender on immune cell infiltration of LUAD tumor microenvironment (TME), and tried to clarify the reasons for the different clinical characteristics of male and female LUAD patients, by conducting a comparative analysis of the TME in female and male LUAD patients. Methods We calculated immune and stromal scores of LUAD patients samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted to reveal biological processes of intersecting genes. Cox regression analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were conducted to screen immune-related prognostic genes in female (CCR2, LCP2, and PTPRC) and male (BTK and CCR2) patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate prognostic value of identified genes. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare various indicators of male patients and female patients. The main result was subsequently validated in 420 cases from GSE72094. Results 304 and 368 intersecting genes were identified in female and male patients respectively. The immune score is ranged from − 943.17 to 3229.35 among female patients with LUAD and from − 541.75 to 3441.78 among male patients with LUAD. The stromal score is ranged from − 1790.23 to 2097.27 among female patients and from − 1786.94 to 1722.70 among male patients. The immune and stromal scores of women were higher than those of men (P < 0.05). CCR2, LCP2 and PTPRC were identified as the most important immune-related prognostic genes in women. BTK and CCR2 were identified as the most important immune-related prognostic genes in men. Female patients had a higher proportion of memory B cells than that of male patients, while the percentage of T cells CD4 naïve and resting NK cells was lower in female patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study compared the differences in TIICs in the TME of male and female LUAD patients, and identified prognosis-related genes for patients of different genders.

scholarly journals Objective Data Reveals Gender Preferences for Patients’ Primary Care Physician

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272096722
Author(s):  
Madelinn Fink ◽  
Kendall Klein ◽  
Kia Sayers ◽  
John Valentino ◽  
Claudia Leonardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Physician ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Gender Preference ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Gender Preferences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Same Gender

Background and Objectives: Most studies based on self-reported data indicate that female patients more often than males have a same-gender preference for their primary care physician (PCP). Because self-reported preferences may not reflect true preferences, we analyzed objective data to investigate patients’ preferences for PCP gender. Methods: Analyses were performed on 2192 new patients seen within a university-based healthcare system by 13 PCPs (2 male, 11 female) during 2017. New patients were asked about their PCP gender preference when assigned a PCP. We compared the expected prevalence (proportion of males/females in overall patient population) and observed prevalence (gender distribution of patients for each PCP) by PCP gender. A mixed model with PCP as a random effect examined the odds of male and female patients being assigned a same-gender physician. Results: The expected prevalence of new patients was 65% female and 35% male. The observed prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of male patients among male and female PCPs was, respectively, 59.7% (49.0%-69.5%) and 28.0% (24.0%-32.4%), with neither CI containing the expected prevalence of male patients (35%). Similarly, the observed prevalence of female patients among male and female PCPs was, respectively, 40.3% (95% CI 30.5%-51.0%) and 72.0% (95% CI 67.6%-76.0%), with neither CI containing the expected prevalence of female patients (65%). Conclusions: Both male and female patients often preferred to see a same-gender PCP with this preference more pronounced in males. Future research should seek to clarify the relationships between patients’ gender preferences, patient-physician gender concordance/discordance, patient satisfaction, and health outcomes.

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