scholarly journals Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in adult mouse adult intestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Xue ◽  
Lingyu Bao ◽  
Julia Roediger ◽  
Yijun Su ◽  
Bingyin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Arginine Methyltransferase ◽  
Mouse Intestine ◽  
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 ◽  
Crypt Base

Abstract Background Adult stem cells play an essential role in adult organ physiology and tissue repair and regeneration. While much has been learnt about the property and function of various adult stem cells, the mechanisms of their development remain poorly understood in mammals. Earlier studies suggest that the formation of adult mouse intestinal stem cells takes place during the first few weeks after birth, the postembryonic period when plasma thyroid hormone (T3) levels are high. Furthermore, deficiency in T3 signaling leads to defects in adult mouse intestine, including reduced cell proliferation in the intestinal crypts, where stem cells reside. Our earlier studies have shown that protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), a T3 receptor coactivator, is highly expressed during intestinal maturation in mouse. Methods We have analyzed the expression of PRMT1 by immunohistochemistry and studied the effect of tissue-specific knockout of PRMT1 in the intestinal epithelium. Results We show that PRMT1 is expressed highly in the proliferating transit amplifying cells and crypt base stem cells. By using a conditional knockout mouse line, we have demonstrated that the expression of PRMT1 in the intestinal epithelium is critical for the development of the adult mouse intestine. Specific removal of PRMT1 in the intestinal epithelium results in, surprisingly, more elongated adult intestinal crypts with increased cell proliferation. In addition, epithelial cell migration along the crypt-villus axis and cell death on the villus are also increased. Furthermore, there are increased Goblet cells and reduced Paneth cells in the crypt while the number of crypt base stem cells remains unchanged. Conclusions Our finding that PRMT1 knockout increases cell proliferation is surprising considering the role of PRMT1 in T3-signaling and the importance of T3 for intestinal development, and suggests that PRMT1 likely regulates pathways in addition to T3-signaling to affect intestinal development and/or homeostasis, thus affecting cell proliferating and epithelial turn over in the adult.

scholarly journals The Hippo–YAP Signaling as Guardian in the Pool of Intestinal Stem Cells

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Yoojin Seo ◽  
So-Yeon Park ◽  
Hyung-Sik Kim ◽  
Jeong-Seok Nam
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Quiescent Stem Cells ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Crypt Base

Despite endogenous insults such as mechanical stress and danger signals derived from the microbiome, the intestine can maintain its homeostatic condition through continuous self-renewal of the crypt–villus axis. This extraordinarily rapid turnover of intestinal epithelium, known to be 3 to 5 days, can be achieved by dynamic regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The crypt base-located leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5-positive (Lgr5+) ISCs maintain intestinal integrity in the steady state. Under severe damage leading to the loss of conventional ISCs, quiescent stem cells and even differentiated cells can be reactivated into stem-cell-like cells with multi-potency and contribute to the reconstruction of the intestinal epithelium. This process requires fine-tuning of the various signaling pathways, including the Hippo–YAP system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the correlation between Hippo–YAP signaling and intestinal homeostasis, repair, and tumorigenesis, focusing specifically on ISC regulation.

scholarly journals DCAMKL-1 Expression Identifies Tuft Cells Rather Than Stem Cells in the Adult Mouse Intestinal Epithelium

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 2179-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Gerbe ◽  
Bénédicte Brulin ◽  
Leila Makrini ◽  
Catherine Legraverend ◽  
Philippe Jay
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Tuft Cells

scholarly journals GABA’s Control of Stem and Cancer Cell Proliferation in Adult Neural and Peripheral Niches

Physiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Z. Young ◽  
Angélique Bordey
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tumor Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Regulation Of Secretion

Aside from traditional neurotransmission and regulation of secretion, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) through GABAA receptors negatively regulates proliferation of pluripotent and neural stem cells in embryonic and adult tissue. There has also been evidence that GABAergic signaling and its control over proliferation is not only limited to the nervous system, but is widespread through peripheral organs containing adult stem cells. GABA has emerged as a tumor signaling molecule in the periphery that controls the proliferation of tumor cells and perhaps tumor stem cells. Here, we will discuss GABA’s presence as a near-universal signal that may be altered in tumor cells resulting in modified mitotic activity.

scholarly journals PPARs Expression in Adult Mouse Neural Stem Cells: Modulation of PPARs during Astroglial Differentiaton of NSC

PPAR Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cimini ◽  
L. Cristiano ◽  
E. Benedetti ◽  
B. D'Angelo ◽  
M. P. Cerù
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

PPAR isotypes are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, death, and differentiation, with different roles and mechanisms depending on the specific isotype and ligand and on the differentiated, undifferentiated, or transformed status of the cell. Differentiation stimuli are integrated by key transcription factors which regulate specific sets of specialized genes to allow proliferative cells to exit the cell cycle and acquire specialized functions. The main differentiation programs known to be controlled by PPARs both during development and in the adult are placental differentiation, adipogenesis, osteoblast differentiation, skin differentiation, and gut differentiation. PPARs may also be involved in the differentiation of macrophages, brain, and breast. However, their functions in this cell type and organs still awaits further elucidation. PPARs may be involved in cell proliferation and differentiation processes of neural stem cells (NSC). To this aim, in this work the expression of the three PPAR isotypes and RXRs in NSC has been investigated.

scholarly journals Application of Nanoscaffolds in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Ghoraishizadeh ◽  
Afsoon Ghorishizadeh ◽  
Peyman Ghoraishizadeh ◽  
Nasibeh Daneshvar ◽  
Mohadese Hashem Boroojerdi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Essential Components

Regenerative medicine is an alternative solution for organ transplantation. Stem cells and nanoscaffolds are two essential components in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as primary adult stem cells with high proliferation capacity, wide differentiation potential, and immunosuppression properties which make them unique for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Scaffolds are engineered nanofibers that provide suitable microenvironment for cell signalling which has a great influence on cell proliferation, differentiation, and biology. Recently, application of scaffolds and MSCs is being utilized in obtaining more homogenous population of MSCs with higher cell proliferation rate and greater differentiation potential, which are crucial factors in regenerative medicine. In this review, the definition, biology, source, characterization, and isolation of MSCs and current report of application of nanofibers in regenerative medicine in different lesions are discussed.

scholarly journals Stem and Cancer Stem Cell Identities, Cellular Markers, Niche Environment and Response to Treatments to Unravel New Therapeutic Targets

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Jose R. Pineda ◽  
Iker Badiola ◽  
Gaskon Ibarretxe
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
Cellular Markers ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Natural Cell

Adult stem cells are a partially quiescent cell population responsible for natural cell renewal and are found in many different regions of the body, including the brain, teeth, bones, muscles, skin, and diverse epithelia, such as the epidermal or intestinal epithelium, among others [...]

scholarly journals Efek pegagan (Centella asiatica L)terhadap proliferasi mesenchymal stem cell (Effect of pegagan (Centella asiatica L)to mesenchymal stem cell proliferation)

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Ira Arundina ◽  
Ketut Suardita
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Stem Cell Proliferation

Stem cells provide new hope to fasten the healing process of various oral diseases including periodontal tissue(periodontitis). At present time, there is not yet found a material that can fix the teeth perfectly. Adult stem cells frombone marrow widely used for treatment. Numbers of stem cell are limited so growth factor is necessary to promoteproliferation of stem cells. Growth factor that has been used is expensive and difficult to get. Because of theseconstraints, it is necessary to develop alternative uses of medicinal plants as growth factor that accelerates woundhealing process. This study is aimed to proven what extent the potential Pegagan (Centella asiatica L) as a naturalgrowth factors to stem cells. The ability of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)was analyzed by adding terpenoid fraction of Centella asiatica. MTT assay data showed that the addition ofPegagan on cultured MSCs can increase stem cell proliferation. Pegagan increases the ability of MSC proliferationand differentiate into osteoblasts It is concluded that pegagan increase the ability of MSC proliferation anddifferentiate into osteoblasts.

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