scholarly journals Using machine learning to find the hidden relationship between RTT and TCP throughput in WiFi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aizaz U. Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Tcp Throughput

AbstractIs it possible to find hidden relationships among variables in WiFi network using machine learning (ML)? Can we use ML to find a variable that significantly affects the TCP throughput in WiFi? In this work, we employ a publicly available WiFi dataset to investigate these questions. We use ML techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), linear regression (LR), and random forest (RF), to study the effect of link speed, received signal strength, round-trip time (RTT), and number of available access points on TCP throughput in WiFi. More specifically, we are interested in employing ML to find the variable that most accurately predicts and thereby most significantly affects the throughput. Simple correlation analysis indicates that a combination of multiple variables is more likely to act as a reasonable predictor of the throughput, whereas a single variable, such as RTT, alone is not likely to predict the throughput with reasonable accuracy. From PCA, the first principal component (PC1) is seen as highly correlated to RTT. During predictive analysis, it is observed that the LR model is unable to find any hidden relationship between throughput and other variables. However, the RF model discovers that RTT explains the variation in throughput more closely and as such it predicts the throughput more accurately compared to other variables. PC1 captures nearly all of the variation in throughput with the RF model and predicts throughput with very high accuracy, which indirectly confirms RTT as the variable that most significantly affects the TCP throughput in WiFi. Consequently, we discover a very close relationship between RTT and TCP throughput using appropriate ML techniques, and these results can be helpful in developing a better understanding of the relationship between latency and throughput for designing future low-latency networks.

TAFSIR AYAT-AYAT ZAKAT SEBAGAI PENGUAT KONSEP FILANTROPI EKONOMI KEUMMATAN (Tafsir Verses Of Zakat As The Booster Of Public Economic Philanthropy Concept)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-137
Author(s):  
Mustaqim Makki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Public Economic ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Vertical Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Functional Content

Zakat merupakan salah satu sendi pokok ajaran Islam. Urgensi zakat yang merupakan anjuran agama Islam untuk menunaikan zakat dan memberikannya kepada yang berhak dengan ketentuan mencapai nishabnya, (kadar minimum harta tertentu) mempunyai nilai sangat signifikan dalam kehidupan manusia. Seorang insan yang sarat akan segala permasalahan pada fitrahnya menuntut untuk selalu berinteraksi kepada sesama, baik berupa materi maupun non materi. Zakat merupakan maliyah ijtima’iyyah yang mengandung nilai-nilai filantropi yang sangat tinggi, karena ketika mengaplikasikan kewajiban zakat kita telah membantu sesama serta mengurangi kesenjangan yang disebabkan beberapa sifat manusia diantaranya adalah sifat kikir, dengki dan iri hati. Menguatnya kembali harapan banyak kalangan terhadap implementasi filantropi Islam, baik dalam bentuk zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf, memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan kondisi bangsa yang belum sepenuhnya bangkit dari keterpurukan sebagai dampak dari krisis ekonomi yang berkepanjangan. Kondisi ini berakibat kesenjangan penguasaan perekonomian antar warga negara menjadi kian lebar. Pada saat itulah, ziswaf (zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf) kembali dilirik dan diharapkan menjadi alternatif solusi terhadap problem kemiskinan umat. Manusia sebagai khalifah fil ardh dalam Al Qurán menekankan muatan fungsional yang harus diemban oleh manusia dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas kesejarahan dalam kehidupannya di muka bumi. Kaitan dengan konsep tersebut, ada dua fungsi manusia. Pertama: Manusia sebagai hamba (ábid), dituntut untuk sukses menjalin hubungan secara vertikal dalam hal ini hubungannya dengan ketuhanan (Teologis). Kedua adalah manusia sebagai khalifah, dituntut untuk sukses menjalin hubungan secara horizontal dalam hal ini hubungan terhadap manusia.Kata kunci: tafsir ayat zakat, filantropi, ekonomi keummatanAbstract:Zakat is one of the main points of Islamic teachings. The urgency of zakat which is suggested by Islam to fulfill and give it to those who are referred to with the provisions to reach their nishab, (minimum level of certain assets) has a very significant value in human life. A person who is full of all problems in his/her natural demands will always get interaction with other people, either material or non-material. Zakat is maliyah ijtima’iyyah which contains very high philanthropic values, because when applying the obligation of zakat we have helped others and reduced the gaps caused by some human traits including miser, jealousy and envy. The reinforcement of the expectations (estimation) from any levels on the implementation of Islamic philanthropy, which in the form of zakat, donation, alms and endowments, has a close relationship with the condition of the country that has not fully risen from bad economic adversity due to economic crisis. This condition causes a widening of the economic mastery among the citizens. At that moment, ziswaf (zakat, infaq, alms, and waqf) was again given a serious attentition and expected to be an alternative solution to the problem of poverty among citizens. Humans as khalifah fil ardh in the Qur'an emphasize the functional content that must be carried by humans in carrying out historical tasks in their lives on earth. In accordance with this concept, there are two human functions. First: Humans as servants (ábid), are required to succeed in establishing a vertical relationship in this case the relationship with God (Theological). Second, humans as caliphs, are required to succeed in establishing horizontal relationships in this case the relationship to humans.

scholarly journals Distribution of lacunes in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive small vessel disease

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (23) ◽  
pp. 2162-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pasi ◽  
Gregoire Boulouis ◽  
Panagiotis Fotiadis ◽  
Eitan Auriel ◽  
Andreas Charidimou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Small Vessel ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

Objective:To evaluate whether the burden of deep and lobar lacunes differs between patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with definite/probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) per the Boston criteria and hypertensive small vessel disease (HTN-SVD; ICH in basal ganglia, thalami, brainstem).Methods:We defined lobar and deep lacunes similar to the topographic distribution used for ICH and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). We then compared their distribution between patients with CAA-ICH and those with strictly deep CMB and ICH (HTN-ICH). The independent associations of lacune location with the diagnosis of CAA-ICH and HTN-ICH were evaluated with multivariable models. The relationship between lobar lacunes and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume was evaluated by means of partial correlation analyses adjusted for age and a validated visual scale.Results:In our final cohort of 316 patients with ICH, lacunes were frequent (24.7%), with similar rates in 191 patients with CAA and 125 with HTN-ICH (23% vs 27.2%, p = 0.4). Lobar lacunes were more commonly present in CAA (20.4% vs 5.7%, p < 0.001), while deep lacunes were more frequent in HTN-ICH (15.2% vs 2.1%, p < 0.001). After correction for demographics and clinical and neuroimaging markers of SVD, lobar lacunes were associated with CAA (p = 0.003) and deep lacunes with HTN-ICH (p < 0.001). Lobar lacunes in 80% of the cases were at least in contact with WMH, and after adjustment for age, they were highly correlated to WMH volume (r = 0.42, p < 0.001).Conclusions:Lobar lacunes are associated with CAA, whereas deep lacunes are more frequent in HTN-SVD. Lobar lacunes seem to have a close relationship with WMH, suggesting a possible common origin.

Parental Influences on Substance Use: Gender Differences and Stage Theory

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Fisher ◽  
David P. MacKinnon ◽  
M. Douglas Anglin ◽  
John P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Stage Theory ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Guttman Scaling ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parental Drug Use

The relationship between perceived parental drug use and offspring drug use was investigated. The subjects, 106 UCLA undergraduates, were evenly divided between psychoactive mushroom users and nonusers who completed a questionnaire regarding social and subjective aspects of drug use, including parental drug use. The data were analyzed using modern psychometric scaling techniques, including multidimensional unfolding and principal component analysis of qualitative variables (PRINQUAL). These techniques are advocated as preferable to discriminant analysis when variables, such as perceived parental use of different drugs, are highly correlated. Men's use of drugs was relatively independent of perceived parental drug use while women's use of drugs was strongly related to perceived parental usage. Guttman scaling and PRINQUAL analysis of the types of drugs indicate that the use of cocaine has changed since Kandel and Faust suggested the stage theory of adolescent drug use and that cocaine use has developed patterns similar to marijuana use.

scholarly journals A machine learning framework for TCP round-trip time estimation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Astuto Arouche Nunes ◽  
Kerry Veenstra ◽  
William Ballenthin ◽  
Stephanie Lukin ◽  
Katia Obraczka
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Round Trip Time ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Trip Time

A survey of epicuticular waxes among genera of Triticeae. III. Synthesis and conclusion

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1761-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard R. Baum ◽  
A. P. Tulloch
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Euclidean Distances ◽  
Highly Correlated

Characteristics of ultrastructural morphology and chemical composition of epicuticular waxes on glumes of Triticeae were combined for two series of numerical taxonomic analyses. The first, incorporating within-genus variability, utilized frequencies and information radius. The information radius matrix was subjected to Jardine–Sibson Bk clustering, then transformed to Euclidean distances for distance Wagner and principal-coordinate analyses. The second series employed a table of average character values for each genus which was subjected to four ordinations: (i) principal-component analysis of the correlation matrix, (ii) principal-component analysis of the variance-covariance matrix, (iii) principal-coordinate analysis, and (iv) nonmetric multidimensional scaling. The results are compared and general inferences are drawn. Occurrence of wax filaments on the glumes was highly correlated with presence of appreciable amounts of β-diketones in wax from the whole plant. While some genera, such as Triticum and Aegilops, appeared less closely related than expected from classification based on morphology, this procedure has suggested relationships between other genera, such as Roegneria and Hordeum and Secale and Elymus. The genera Leymus, Elymus, and Aneurolepidium were also closely related to each other and more distantly to Elytrigia, Triticum, and Agropyron. A relatively close relationship was also shown between the seven genera, Crithopsis, Eremopyron, Heteranthelium, Hordelymus, Psathyrostachys, Sitanion, and Taeniatherum, which have waxes which do not contain any β-diketones.

scholarly journals APTM: A Model for Pervasive Traceability of Agrochemicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8149
Author(s):  
Emiliano Soares Monteiro ◽  
Rodrigo da Rosa Righi ◽  
Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa ◽  
Antônio Marcos Alberti
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
World Population ◽  
Round Trip Time ◽  
Reverse Supply Chain ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Data Transfers

As the world population increases and the need for food monoculture farms are using more and more agrochemicals, there is also an increase in the possibility of theft, misuse, environmental damage, piracy of products, and health problems. This article addresses these issues by introducing the agrochemical pervasive traceability model (APTM), which integrates machine learning, sensors, microcontrollers, gamification, and two blockchains. It contributes in two dimensions: (I) the study of the environmental, product piracy and regulatory of agrochemical control; (II) the technological dimension: application of an adequate set of sensors collecting multiple data; modeling and implementation of a system via machine learning for analyzing and predicting the behavior and use of agrochemicals; development of a scoring system via gamification for reverse use of agrochemicals; and presenting a record of transactions in a consortium of two blockchains, simultaneously. Its main advantage is to be a flexible, adaptable, and expansive model. Results indicated that the model has positive aspects, from detecting the agrochemical, its handling, and disposal, recording of transactions, and data visualization along the reverse supply chain. This study obtained a round trip time of 0.510 ms on average; data transfers between layer one and its persistence in the database were between 4 to 5 s. Thus, blockchain nodes consumed only 34 to 38% of CPU and recorded transactions between 2 to 4 s. These results point to a horizon of applicability in real situations within agricultural farms.

Abstract WMP100: Topographical Distribution of Lacunes in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Deep Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pasi ◽  
Gregoire Boulouis ◽  
Panagiotis Fotiadis ◽  
Andreas Charidimou ◽  
Eitan Auriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Topographical Distribution ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Cerebral Amyloid ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aims: To evaluate whether the burden of lacunes located at deep and lobar brain regions, would differ between intracerebral hemorrhage patients (ICH) with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) vs patients with strictly deep cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and ICH (Deep HTN-ICH). Methods: We defined lobar and deep lacunes similar to the topographic distribution used for ICH and microbleeds. We then compared their distribution between CAA and Deep HTN-ICH patients. The independent associations of lacune location (lobar vs deep) with diagnosis of CAA-ICH and Deep HTN-ICH were evaluated using multivariable models. The relationship between lobar and deep lacunes and WMH volume was evaluated using partial correlation analyses adjusting for age and by means of a validated visual scale. Results: In our cohort of 316 ICH patients, lobar lacunes were more commonly present in CAA (20.4% vs 5.7% in Deep HTN-ICH, p<0.001; see figure) while deep lacunes more frequent in Deep HTN-ICH patients (15.2% vs 2.1%, p<0.001; see figure). After correction for demographics, clinical and neuroimaging markers of SVD, lobar lacunes were associated with CAA diagnosis (p=0.023), while deep lacunes with Deep HTN-ICH (p<0.001). Lobar lacunes in 80% of the cases were at least in contact with WMH and after adjustment for age they were highly correlated to WMH volume ( r=0.52, p<0.001). Conclusions: Lobar lacunes are associated with CAA whereas deep lacunes are more frequent in patients with Strictly deep CMBs and ICH, they can thus be clinically useful in the appropriate context. Lobar lacunes seem to have a close relationship with WMH suggesting a possible common origin.

Jump-Squat Performance and Its Relationship With Relative Training Intensity in High-Level Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Jiménez-Reyes ◽  
Fernando Pareja-Blanco ◽  
Carlos Balsalobre-Fernández ◽  
Víctor Cuadrado-Peñafiel ◽  
Manuel A. Ortega-Becerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:To examine the relationship between the relative load in full squats and the height achieved in jump-squat (JS) exercises and to determine the load that maximizes the power output of high-level athletes.Method:Fifty-one male high-level track-and-field athletes (age 25.2 ± 4.4 y, weight 77. ± 6.2 kg, height 179.9 ± 5.6 cm) who competed in sprinting and jumping events took part in the study. Full-squat 1-repetition-maximum (1-RM) and JS height (JH) with loads from 17 to 97 kg were measured in 2 sessions separated by 48 h.Results:Individual regression analyses showed that JH (R2 = .992 ± .005) and the jump decrease (JD) that each load produced with respect to the unloaded countermovement jump (CMJ) (R2 = .992 ± 0.007) are highly correlated with the full-squat %1-RM, which means that training intensities can be prescribed using JH and JD values. The authors also found that the load that maximizes JS’s power output was 0%RM (ie, unloaded CMJ).Conclusions:These results highlight the close relationship between JS performance and relative training intensity in terms of %1-RM. The authors also observed that the load that maximizes power output was 0%1-RM. Monitoring jump height during JS training could help coaches and athletes determine and optimize their training loads.

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