scholarly journals Impact of self-perceptions, social norms, and social capital on nascent entrepreneurs: a comparative analysis by level of economic development in Latin American countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Barrera-Verdugo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe impact of individual psychological and social conditions on participation in entrepreneurship has been widely studied. However, little is known about these variables’ comparative influence on the development of nascent ventures in countries with different levels of gross domestic product per capita. This research compares the effects of self-perceptions, perceived subjective norms, and first-hand connections with entrepreneurs on participation in nascent entrepreneurs in Latin America. Logistic regressions are performed and the resulting coefficient magnitudes and pseudo-R2 values compared for the populations of 11 countries in this region. The evidence reveals heterogeneity in the effect of these psychological and social attributes on nascent ventures’ creation process, conditional on different levels of gross domestic product per capita. Notably, higher economic development is positively related to a greater influence of these perceptual and social variables. The findings enhance understanding of the effects of key variables from theories of entrepreneurial behaviour, incorporating economic development level as a new determinant. In addition, the results could guide programmes aimed at strengthening entrepreneurship in Latin America by supporting the adaptation of efforts to support nascent entrepreneurship according to the influence of perceptual and social variables in different countries.

scholarly journals The Asymmetrical Effects of Economic Development on Consumption-based and Production-based Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1990 to 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311877362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Huang ◽  
Andrew K. Jorgenson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
National Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

The authors examine the potentially asymmetrical relationship between economic development and consumption-based and production-based CO2 emissions. They decompose economic development into economic expansions and contractions, measured separately as increases and decreases in gross domestic product per capita, and examine their unique effects on emissions. Analyzing cross-national data from 1990 to 2014, the authors find no statistical evidence of asymmetry for the overall sample. However, for a sample restricted to nations with populations larger than 10 million, the authors observe a contraction-leaning asymmetry whereby the effects of economic contraction on both emissions outcomes are larger in magnitude than the effects of economic expansion. This difference in magnitude is more pronounced for consumption-based emissions than for production-based emissions. The authors provide tentative explanations for the variations in results across the different samples and emissions measures and underscore the need for more nuanced research and deeper theorization on potential asymmetry in the relationship between economic development and anthropogenic emissions.

scholarly journals Continuous national gross domestic product (GDP) time series for 195 countries: past observations (1850–2005) harmonized with future projections according to the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (2006–2100)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Archive ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Climate Impact Research

Abstract. Gross domestic product (GDP) represents a widely used metric to compare economic development across time and space. GDP estimates have been routinely assembled only since the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, making comparisons with prior periods cumbersome or even impossible. In recent years various efforts have been put forward to re-estimate national GDP for specific years in the past centuries and even millennia, providing new insights into past economic development on a snapshot basis. In order to make this wealth of data utilizable across research disciplines, we here present a first continuous and consistent data set of GDP time series for 195 countries from 1850 to 2009, based mainly on data from the Maddison Project and other population and GDP sources. The GDP data are consistent with Penn World Tables v8.1 and future GDP projections from the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), and are freely available at http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2018.010 (Geiger and Frieler, 2018). To ease usability, we additionally provide GDP per capita data and further supplementary and data description files in the online archive. We utilize various methods to handle missing data and discuss the advantages and limitations of our methodology. Despite known shortcomings this data set provides valuable input, e.g., for climate impact research, in order to consistently analyze economic impacts from pre-industrial times to the future.

Within-Country Analysis of the Growth–Employment–Poverty Nexus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Earnings Distributions ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin America Region

This chapter analyses the within-country growth–employment–poverty nexus. First, it calculates labour market indicators’ elasticities with respect to gross domestic product per capita growth. It finds that in the Latin America region and in most countries, labour market indicators improved with percentage increases in GDP per capita. Second, it estimates poverty elasticities with respect to employment and earnings indicators and finds that in the region and in most of the countries, poverty measures were related in the welfare-improving direction with percentage changes in some employment and earnings indicators. Finally, it analyses the patterns of earnings changes across deciles of the earnings distributions in each country and finds that 70 per cent of the country-decile cells exhibited positive earnings changes.

scholarly journals MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (MEA) SETELAH TIGA TAHUN PENGIMPLEMENTASIAN DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Paramita Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is a community of ASEAN countries having a vision and mission to further enhance the welfare of ASEAN countries. The AEC makes the boundaries that were more complicated and difficult to run easier and there are almost no restrictions at all in terms of the economy. There are several advantages and disadvantages with the enactment of the AEC in Indonesia. The AEC is expected to further improve the economy in Indonesia. The level of export imports, poverty rates and the number of unemployed and the level of income per capita and gross domestic product are indicators in measuring the economic development in a country. To find out the success of the AEC which has been running for 3 years, this study will compare these indicators before and after the enactment of the AEC in Indonesia. Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), import exports, poverty rates, unemployment, per capita income and gross domestic product.

scholarly journals Models With Varying Parameters as A Tool to Classify Polish Voivodships in 2002-2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Barbara Batóg ◽  
Katarzyna Wawrzyniak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
Varying Parameters ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita

Models With Varying Parameters as A Tool to Classify Polish Voivodships in 2002-2008 One of the often used measures of economic development is gross domestic product per capita. In Poland the Main Statistical Office collects the data on this variable on several levels of aggregation. The paper shows the application of panel data models in order to classify Polish voivodships according to the level of economic development. As explained variable the regional GDP per capita was used and such variables as structure of employees, unemployment rate or retail sales per capita were the explaining variables. As a result the groups of voivodships with similar pattern of economic development were distinguished.

scholarly journals economic development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
cut jussara mufda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Per Capita

The cause of economic growth but not followed by the improvement of the income distribution system is because economic growth is measured by an increase in GDP (Gross Gross Domestic Product), namely the number of products in the form of goods and services produced within a country's territory in one year.Gross Domestic Product is always considered to be an indicator or determinant of living standards in a country. Therefore it is necessary to calculate GDP per capita. The calculation of Indonesia's GDP is carried out every year and always changes. The amount of GDP in Indonesia in 2016 is approximately 3,604 per capita and in 2018 it has decreased to 3,788 per capita after 2017 has increased to 3,875 per capita.Economic growth in Indonesia continues to increase along with the 4 components above which continue to be improved. Because GDP is a standard that has become a benchmark for economic growth, the 4 components that are continually being improved also encourage economic growth in Indonesia. This can be seen from 2019 Indonesia's GDP which increased compared to 2018. Investment that continues to increase then also increases GDP per capita in Indonesia in 2019.

scholarly journals Implications of Free Trade Area For Poverty, Household Welfare And Economic Development In Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Idris Abubakar ◽  
Thomas onimisi Abaukaka ◽  
Muhammad Kabir O. Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose of the study: The study aims to investigate the implications of free trade areas for poverty, household welfare and economic development in Nigeria. Methodology: This study employed a fully modified least squares (FMOLS) regression technique. The income per capita and unemployment out of many macroeconomics indexes were employed in this study to measure welfare and poverty implications of free trade area respectively. To enable the study, determine the policy and decision-making implications of the free trade area on Nigeria economy, historical data were drawn from the central bank statistical bulletin for 27 years. Main findings: The estimated results revealed that the income per capita (welfare) model demonstrated a fair view of free trade scenarios as indicated by the explanatory variables; export contributions to gross domestic product and foreign direct investment contributed positively to the welfare of the individual. Besides, the study also found foreign direct investment and export contributions to gross domestic product to have a negative relationship with unemployment, which implies a reduction in the unemployment rate in Nigeria. Research implications: This study documented that households’ welfare will be increased by free trade area, while unemployment will also be reduced by participating in free trade area. Based on study findings, policies makers, academia, researchers, the and government will find the study relevant in making policies that promote foreign direct investment, export contributions to the growth of the economy and gross domestic product such as reduction in tariff, simplifying trade regulations, increasing the availability of credit to exporters, creations of duty drawback, improving cooperation among economic actors and overall structural changes which will have positive implications on the households welfare, poverty and economic development. The novelty of the study: The relevance for free trade area as one among economic policies to promote the welfare and reduce poverty among nations is gaining momentum globally especially African continent. Given the paucity of studies on this area, the study is undertaken as a framework to determine what the implications of free trade areas will be among the African continent.

Relationship of Social Progress Index (SPI) with Gross Domestic Product (GDP PPP per capita): The moderating role of Corruption Perception Index (CPI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Qaiser ◽  
Sajid Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Usman Siddiqi ◽  
Ahmed F Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Corruption Perception Index ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Moderating Role

This study investigated the impact of social progress on economic development in 119 countries, while taking their individual corruption perception into consideration. Simple linear regression was use on the secondary data for 119 countries and 5 continents while the SPSS PROCESS macro was used to test the moderating effect of corruption perception. As hypothesized, a positive relationship of the social progress index (SPI) with gross domestic product (GDP) PPP per capita was observe. This means that countries, which fulfill basic human needs, foundations of wellbeing and foster availability of opportunities have enhanced economic development. Moreover, the moderating role of corruption perception between the relationship of social progress and economic development was confirmed; thus indicating that countries with better corruption perception rating possess a stronger relationship of SPI and GDP (PPP) per capita and vice versa. When checked for continents, moderation results showed that the continents that have higher values of corruption perception index (CPI) are more socially and economically developed.

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