Effect of X-ray irradiation on growth physiology of Arachis Hypogaea (Var. Kampala)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Plant Germination

Small doses of X-ray may stimulate cellular activities and growth while higher doses may cause higher aberrations. Seeds of Arachis hypogaea cv Kampala were exposed singly to X-ray radiations (6 mA-77 mA) X-ray significantly decreased seed germination above 6 mA, reduced root and shoot growth as X-ray exposure increased. X-ray radiation causes chromosomal aberration. Therefore, higher X-ray radiation affects the plant germination negatively by retarding the growth.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological Studies of A Cereal Crop Oryza sativa L. with Zinc Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-313
Author(s):  
Sasmita Kumari Behura ◽  
Mamata Mohapatra ◽  
B.K. Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Zinc Stress ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Plants exposed to zinc stress at high concentration inhibit seed germination, seedling growth and development. The germination data showed that there is a negative impact of concentration of zinc sulphate on the germination of seeds. Root and shoot growth of seedlings was worse affected when exposed to higher concentration on ZnSO4. Shoots were more affected than roots. Morphologically they look different from normal roots by their shape and size. Zn toxicity inhibits the chlorophyll formation and with the increase in concentration of the toxicant the exposed seedlings showed a decline in chl-a (chlorophyll-a), chl-b (chlorophyll – b) and total chlorophyll pigment content. Conclusively, our result shows that zinc sulphate at higher concentration decreases seed germination, chl-a, chl-b and total chlorophyll content and also decreases root and shoot growth of plants.

Municipal Sludge-induced Phytotoxicity

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Srivastava ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Shrawan K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Municipal sludge (MS), containing various types of environmental pollutants, can exert phytotoxic effects in plants. Seed germination, chlorophyll content, plant weight, root and shoot growth, and metal levels, were measured as endpoints to assess the phytotoxic effects of leachates of MS from Lucknow city in three plants, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus. Among the five metals analysed, lead was found to be present at the highest concentration, and chromium at the lowest. Aqueous MS leachates had lower amounts of metals than pure MS. Seed germination was inhibited significantly in all three plants. The greatest inhibition of root and shoot growth was observed in B. campestris and T. aestivum. Total chlorophyll was depleted in all three plants, but the maximum depletion was observed in T. aestivum exposed to 10% leachate. Symptoms such as necrosis, leaf discoloration and root curling were also observed after exposure to 10% leachate, and plant weight was reduced significantly. It is evident that MS from Lucknow city exerted phytotoxic effects on all three test plant species.

Interactions Among Ethephon, Nitrate, and After-Ripening in the Release of Dormancy of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hargurdeep S. Saini ◽  
Pawan K. Bassi ◽  
Mary S. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Stimulation Of

Germination of dormant wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO3, or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C. Both chemicals significantly (P = 0.05) promoted germination and their effects were additive. Maximum stimulation of germination in response to all treatments occurred at 7 C, with a gradual decrease in reponse as temperature or duration of after-ripening, the seed that retained dormancy during storage remained responsive to ethephon also occurred during storage of mature seed at 3 to 32 C. The rate and extent of this dormancy loss increased with an increase in storage temperature. Regardless of the temperature or duration of after-ripening, the seed that retained dormancy during storage remained responsive to ethephon and KNO3treatments. Suitable combinations of after-ripening, ethephon, and KNO3induced over 90% germination of seed that was dormant at maturity. Experimental evidence has been obtained that suggests that this percentage may represent the total number of viable seed in the population. While ethephon promoted seed germination, it severely stunted root and shoot growth of the resulting seedlings. It appears that strategies could be developed to combine the use of ethephon and nitrate with the natural process of after-ripening to enhance and synchronize wild oat germination.

scholarly journals Quantifying the influence of water deficit on root and shoot growth in wheat using X-ray Computed Tomography

AoB Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Khalil ◽  
E H Murchie ◽  
S J Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Shoots

Abstract The potential increased frequency and severity of drought associated with environmental change represents a significant obstacle to efforts aimed at enhancing food security due to its impact on crop development, and ultimately, yield. Our understanding of the impact of drought on crop growth in terms of plant aerial tissues is much more advanced than knowledge of the below-ground impacts. We undertook an experiment using X-ray Computed Tomography that aimed to support measurements of infrared gas exchange from plant shoots with quantification of 3D root architecture traits and the associated soil structural characteristics. Winter wheat (cv. Zebedee) was assessed at two early growth stages (14 and 21 days) under four water treatments (100, 75, 50 and 25 % of a notional field capacity (FC) and across two soil types (sandy loam and clay loam)). Plants generally grew better (to a larger size) in sandy loam soil as opposed to clay loam soil, most likely due to the soil structure and the associated pore network. All plants grew poorly under extreme water stress and displayed optimal growth at 75 % of FC, as opposed to 100 %, as the latter was most likely too wet. The optimal matric potential for root and shoot growth, inferred from the water release curve for each soil type, was higher than that for photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration suggesting root and shoot growth was more affected by soil water content than photosynthesis-related characteristics under water deficit conditions. With incidences of drought likely to increase, identification of wheat cultivars that are more tolerant of these conditions is important. Studies that consider the impact of water stress on both plant shoots and roots, and the role of the soil pore system such as this offer considerable potential in supporting these efforts.

Sulfur Nanoparticles Improves Root and Shoot Growth of Tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidá M. Salem ◽  
Luma S. Albanna ◽  
Amany O. Abdeen ◽  
Qusay I. Ibrahim ◽  
Akl M. Awwad
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Green Route ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Temperature Scanning ◽  
Sulfur Nanoparticles

<p>The objective of this research work is to synthesize sulfur nanoparticles by green route and to investigate the beneficial effect on root and shoot growth of tomato. Sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) synthesized using aqueous extract of <em>Ailanthus altissima</em> leaves at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) inspections indicated that nanoparticles are spherical and polydispersed with diameters ranging between 5 and 80 nm. The potential of sulfur nanoparticles for enhancing tomato’s growth, increasing the concentration of sulfur nanoparticles from 100 ppm to 300 ppm cause an increase in root and shoot lengths, while higher concentration 400 ppm and 600 ppm induced an inhibitory effect. Results of this study reveal that SNPs have the potential to enhance root and shoot growth of tomato and the effect is concentration dependent.</p>

Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Ilahi Shaik* ◽  
P. Janakiram ◽  
Sujatha L. ◽  
Sushma Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

Effect of sand grain shape on root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings

Geoderma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lipiec ◽  
A. Siczek ◽  
A. Sochan ◽  
A. Bieganowski
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth
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