scholarly journals The role of need satisfaction for solo self-employed individuals’ vs. employer entrepreneurs’ affective commitment towards their own businesses

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen E. Schummer ◽  
Kathleen Otto ◽  
Lena Hünefeld ◽  
Maria U. Kottwitz
Keyword(s):  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
European Working ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

AbstractPersistence in self-employment is crucial for entrepreneurial activities to generate long-term economic benefits. Consequently, this research examined the commitment of the self-employed towards their business as an important determinant of persistence. However, this research treats the self-employed as one entity. Yet we assume that especially for the research on commitment the differentiation of the self-employed into solo self-employed individuals (self-employed individuals without employees) and employer entrepreneurs (self-employed individuals with employees) provides seminal insights. Thus, this study examined differences in affective commitment to (emotional attachment to and identification with) one’s business and its antecedents between these self-employment forms. We used data of German solo self-employed individuals (n = 117) and employer entrepreneurs (n = 103) from the European Working Condition Survey (EWCS 2010). A simple t test revealed that the solo self-employed individuals report lower levels of affective commitment to their business than employer entrepreneurs. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that satisfaction of the needs for autonomy and competence was more strongly related to affective commitment for the solo self-employed than that for employer entrepreneurs, whereas satisfaction of the need for relatedness was more weakly related among the solo self-employed than that the employer entrepreneurs. These results suggest that solo self-employed individuals and employer entrepreneurs not only differ in affective commitment to their businesses but also in their antecedents. Implications for research on motivational processes of the self-employed and for fostering persistence in self-employment are discussed.

Rural Dalit Women Entrepreneurs and Development Scenario: A Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaldass M. ◽  
Neema Gnanadev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Dalit Women ◽  
Integral Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village

Pandit Nehru affirmed that women development/ empowerment is the basis for the substantial growth of a family, a village, or a nation. Development/upliftment of women is an essential ingredient of human development. Entrepreneurship development among the rural women folk would strengthen the village economy and promote regional development. The women entrepreneurs have proved that there is a source of immense untapped power in the womanhood of India (Margaret, 1992). Women undoubtedly are the backbone of the socio-economic-cultural aspects in the hill scenario. The subsistence agriculture which leads to low and unstable incomes, which in turn lead to a sizeable out-migration of male members that leads to only women headed families behind, and the role of women in the household economy becomes more important (Rawat, 2004). In the midst of limited opportunities, tough terrains and lack of resources, the contribution of women entrepreneurs to the society is enormous. An attempt was made to highlight the strategies and development aspects of rural women entrepreneurs in Almora district. Entrepreneurs who are engaged in self-employment and innovative entrepreneurial activities were selected for the study. A total of 50 samples were selected and the data were collected through interviews and focus groups. The study reveals various aspects related to rural women entrepreneurship and constraints that need attention so to empower women in their efforts toward integral development.

scholarly journals The relationship between financial distress and well-being: Exploring the role of self-employment

2020 ◽  
pp. 026624262096538
Author(s):  
Jenny Berrill ◽  
Damien Cassells ◽  
Martha O’Hagan-Luff ◽  
André van Stel
Keyword(s):  
Financial Distress ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Relationship

This article investigate the relationship between financial distress, well-being and employment status. Using several indicators of financial distress and of well-being, our econometric analysis shows that the negative association between financial distress and well-being is moderated by employment status in the sense that financial problems are more strongly associated with poor well-being for the self-employed compared to the wage-employed. Hence, when self-employed workers find themselves in a situation of financial distress, the negative consequences for their well-being are more severe. This is found to hold both for the self-employed with and without employees.

scholarly journals MSME Sector: A Multifaceted Model to Achieve Prosperity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Devendra Jarwal
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Economic Perspectives

The current enthusiasm for the entrepreneurship culture results in mushrooming of self-employment activities. Self-employment also supports the growth of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Of course, MSMEs have various economic benefits, and India is riding upon the performance of MSMEs to become self-reliant. But still, MSMEs should not be perceived in isolation for the economic benefits only. Rather, other socio-economic perspectives of MSMEs should also get equal consideration. Thus, this paper descriptive in nature attempts to record other socio-economic benefits. For this paper, various government reports and other related literature have been consulted. MSMEs have an impressive track record in contribution to GDP, employment generation, reducing social inequalities, women empowerment, and balanced geographical growth. The study concludes that the role of MSMEs in the development of India is crucial, yet there are many roadblocks that need state intervention through an appropriate policy framework. Some of the roadblocks in the progress of the MSME sector are difficulty in availing credit facility, lack of marketing avenues, inefficient productivity gave operation of scale, frequent obsolescence of technology, inadequate infrastructure, and institutional framework. The paper also highlights the role of professionals in facilitating the smooth functioning and growth of the MSME sector.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Tax Culture Formation of Self-Employed

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Anna Kireenko ◽  
Mariya Izmailova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Culture Formation ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

Self-employment in Russia characterized by a high level of shadow employment. The special tax regime was designed to carry out this activity from shadow. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the taxpayers behavior and their tax culture. The purpose of the article is to study the tax culture, factors influencing its demonstration in the taxpayers behavior, as well as to identify the features of tax culture in the field of self-employment. The information base of the article composed documents regulating the activities of self-employed, statistical data on the quantity, structure and dynamics of self-employment in the Russia and other countries, sociological surveys of self-employed. The main difference in the interpretation of tax culture is associated with the definition of its subjects. Therefore, the role of subjective factors in the taxpayers behavior is often overestimated. It is concluded that it is necessary to consider the issue of the tax culture of the self-employed not only from the point of view of their mentality, but first of all from the point of view of the external conditions of their activity. Low and irregular incomes, lack of social guarantees and financial support lead to the formation of the self-employed tax culture in the conditions of «survival». In this regard, actions to improve the tax culture by influencing internal factors are ineffective.

In times of uncertainty: do temporary workers have the intention and willingness to become entrepreneurs?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Fernandes Costa ◽  
António Caetano ◽  
Susana Correia Santos
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
The Self ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Career Option ◽  
Entrepreneurial Competencies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Different Levels

Temporary workers are an increasingly representative group in the labour market. They work in precarious situations and are aware that stability and predictability of employment are no longer guaranteed. Entrepreneurship may be an alternative for these workers, even in the form of self-employment. The purpose of this study is to analyse the entrepreneurial intentions and the willingness to consider entrepreneurship as a career option by temporary workers. Specifically, we aim to analyse the self-perception of entrepreneurial competencies of a group of temporary workers. Drawing from our results we conclude that the self-perception of different levels of entrepreneurial competencies is associated with different intentions and willingness to considering entrepreneurship as a career option. This study is a first step in understanding how temporary workers in a changing labour market perceive entrepreneurship as well as their skills to engage in entrepreneurial activities as a career option.

Early Retirees As the Next Generation of Entrepreneurs

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangaram Singh ◽  
Alex DeNoble
Keyword(s):  
Labor Economics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Bridge Employment ◽  
Employment Choice ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Traditional Age ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Career Employment ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Initial Research

In this article, we combine perspectives from labor economics and entrepreneurship to examine early retirees’ decision to become self–employed. Many individuals leave career employment before the traditional age of 65 and return to the labor market for a period of time before they fully retire. This phenomenon is referred to in the labor economics literature as bridge employment. Initial research of bridge employment has identified entrepreneurial activities to be common. The authors argue that first early retirees have to make the decision whether to permanently retire or to continue their labor force participation. If they decide to return to work, then self–employment is one option. Using the theoretical foundations of entrepreneurship, the authors outline the factors that would influence the self–employment choice and the types of entrepreneurial paths emanating from that choice.

Work Values and the Value of Work: Different Implications for Young Adults’ Self-Employment in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 682 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lukeš ◽  
Manuel Feldmann ◽  
Federico Vegetti
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Work Values ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Using Data

In this study, we ask how work values impact different forms of labor market participation of young adults across Europe. We define work values as individuals’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to work and the value of work as the importance or centrality of work in individuals’ lives. We use data gathered from young adults in eleven European countries in the CUPESSE project to investigate the role of the two sets of values regarding employment and self-employment. We then replicate our analysis on a larger sample using data from the European Social Survey (ESS). Our findings suggest a high importance of nonpecuniary benefits for self-employment. Analyses based on both CUPESSE and ESS datasets clearly showed the high, positive impact that independence and creativity have on self-employment. We also show that extrinsic values, such as job security, are more important for employees than they are for the self-employed. Additionally, we find that the value of work in life does not differ between the employed and the self-employed. In sum, these findings suggest that values related to self-employment are not rooted in a general value of work, as Max Weber postulated in his Protestant Work Ethic nearly one hundred years ago, as much as in the aim to achieve personal satisfaction.

scholarly journals Goal Striving, Coping, and Well-Being: A Prospective Investigation of the Self-Concordance Model in Sport

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Smith ◽  
Nikos Ntoumanis ◽  
Joan L. Duda ◽  
Maarten Vansteenkiste
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
The Self ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Goal Striving

Developing upon cross-sectional research (Smith, Ntoumanis, & Duda, 2007) supporting the self-concordance model (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999) as a framework for contextual goal striving, the current study investigated the assumptions of the model in relation to season-long goal striving in sport. The study additionally examined the role of coping strategies in the persistence of goal-directed effort. Structural equation modeling analysis with a sample of 97 British athletes indicated that start-of-season autonomous goal motives were linked to midseason effort, which subsequently predicted end-of-season goal attainment. Attainment was positively related to changes in psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, predicted changes in emotional well-being. In a second model, autonomous and controlled motives positively predicted task- and disengagement-oriented coping strategies, respectively. In turn, these strategies were differentially associated with effort. The findings provide support for contextual adaptations of the self-concordance model and demonstrate the role of coping strategies in the goal striving process.

scholarly journals Supporting student innovation through an engagement, employability and employment ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Walsh ◽  
Philip Powell
Keyword(s):  
Education Institution ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Extra Curricular Activities ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Uk Higher Education

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how students, full-time and part-time, may be supported in becoming ambidextrous – developing “intrapreneurial” skills and capabilities, as well as being introduced to more typical “entrepreneurial” activities. It is proposed that both perspectives will be necessary for future graduates. Design/methodology/approach The paper highlights the fast-changing nature of the economic and employment context and the future requirements for graduate skills. It analyses and evaluates a framework of curricular and extra-curricular activities which has been developed to address future skills needs. The paper uses a case study to illustrate the issue. Findings The paper concludes that with increasingly flexible career paths, there is a need for graduates to be prepared for portfolio careers in which they move between employment and self-employment. The development of an independent mindset which can identify and exploit innovation is therefore important. Practical implications The paper outlines an approach that has been implemented in a UK higher education institution to the development of innovation skills which is responsive to a wider range of students than the conventional cohort of young, full-time students. Originality/value The paper highlights the importance of designing educational experiences which directly address students’ situations and experiences. It also identifies the role of work-based research in the development of an innovative mindset.

The role of economic policy uncertainty in the US entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Payne
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Self Employment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on the entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus to include the role of economic policy uncertainty in the causal dynamics. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilizes the Toda-Yamamoto causality tests of a vector autoregressive (VAR) model to infer the causal dynamics between the self-employment rate (SER), the unemployment rate (UR), industrial production (IP), and the economic policy uncertainty index (EPUI) in the case of the USA. In addition to the examination of the causal dynamics, generalize impulse response analysis is undertaken to examine the role of unexpected shocks to the current and future behavior of the variables specified in the VAR model. Findings – The results reveal unidirectional causality from the SER, IP, and the EPUI to the UR. An increase in the SER and IP lowers the UR while an increase in the EPUI raises the UR. The findings also show unidirectional causality from the EPUI to IP in which an increase in the EPUI reduces IP. Research limitations/implications – Due to data availability for higher frequency monthly data, the self-employment data limits the analysis to 2000:1 to 2014:11. Practical implications – The results reiterate the importance of minimizing economic policy uncertainty as a means to facilitate effective planning by entrepreneurs and economic agents. Moreover, policies designed to encourage entrepreneurship (self-employment) aids in the reduction of unemployment. Social implications – Policies designed to encourage entrepreneurship also facilitate the reduction in the UR. Also, greater policy transparency and stability has a positive impact on entrepreneurial activities. Originality/value – This is the first study to incorporate the role of economic policy uncertainty in the examination of the causal dynamics between entrepreneurship and unemployment.

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