scholarly journals Evaluating an urban pediatric hospital’s scald burn prevention program

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Thompson ◽  
Ross Budziszewski ◽  
Autumn D. Nanassy ◽  
Loreen K. Meyer ◽  
Paul Glat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Burn Prevention ◽  
Underserved Community ◽  
Future Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Over 450,000 individuals are hospitalized with burns annually and roughly 35% are scald burns. Children younger than 5 years of age are at the greatest risk of scald burn injury. Caregiver burn prevention programs have been found to reduce the prevalence of injuries in young children; however, low-income and underserved populations seldomly have access to these programs. The impact of scald burn prevention programs in underserved populations remains unexplored. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of a scald burn prevention program at a Level One Pediatric Trauma Center in a low-income, underserved community. Methods Our hospital developed a one-hour scald burn prevention program for caregivers with children 5 years of age or younger. The program educated caregivers on ways to prevent scald burns and create safeguards in their home. Caregivers completed a pre-post survey to measure their ability to identify hot or cold objects, as well as respond to items about their perceptions of the program’s utility, their willingness to share it with others, and the likelihood that they would use the information in the future. Data was analyzed using a paired t-test. Results Two-hundred and sixty-nine (N = 269) caregivers participated in the program. Before the program, caregivers could identify potentially hot objects 83.17% of the time, and after the program, they were able to identify these items 92.31% of the time: t (268) = 12.46, p < .001, d = 1.07. Additionally, 95% of caregivers indicated that the program was helpful, 99% stated that they were likely to share this information with others, and 100% indicated that they would use the information from the program. Conclusions Education is a critical component to prevent scald burns. Results indicate that a hospital-led scald burn prevention program can positively impact a caregiver’s ability to identify possible scald-burn risks. Providing education to caregivers who typically do not receive this information could lower the prevalence of scald burns not only institutionally, but in communities that are disproportionately impacted by this mechanism of injury.

scholarly journals EARLY RESULTS OF AN INJURY-PREVENTION PROGRAM IN HIGH SCHOOL TRACK ATHLETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0014
Author(s):  
Celeste Quitiquit Dickason ◽  
Whitney Marois ◽  
Hannah Santos ◽  
Sadie Grace ◽  
Brian Krabak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Injury Prevention Program ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Background Injury prevention programs have been shown to be effective for adolescent soccer, basketball, and handball athletes. Though injuries are common in high school runners, injury prevention programs have not been described for this population. Our objective was to trial an injury-prevention program styled after those found to be successful in other running and jumping sports to see if a group of running athletes sustained fewer and or less serious injuries during the course of a single high school track season. Methods Two suburban high school track coaches volunteered to participate in a program consisting of either injury-prevention exercises or no additional exercises as a part of pre-and in-season practice programs. All runners at each school were invited to participate, with informed consent obtained. The injury prevention program consisted of five jumping and plyometric exercises taught by a physical therapist, with a video of the exercises made available to the coach and team members throughout the season. Surveys pre- and post-season were collected which included demographic information, running history, diet, and injuries. Injuries were reported to coach and trainer at each school. Days of missed practice constituted an injured day, tallied for each runner and each team. A Chi-square analysis compared injury rates by team, and hence by intervention; injury rates by years of experience running; and injury rates by dietary preference. Results 24 runners, 13 from the intervention school and 11 from the control school participated. There was no significant difference in the number of running injuries reported when comparing the intervention group (4/13 runners) to the control group (3/11 runners, Chi-square = 0.035, p = 0.9). Runners with a greater number of years of competitive running experience trended towards having fewer injuries (p = 0.06). Those describing their diet as vegetarian (3/24) were significantly more likely to sustain an injury (p = 0.002). Conclusions / Significance With this limited comparison study examining the impact of an injury-prevention pre-season and in-season training program for running athletes participating on their high school track team, there was no evidence that the addition of a program of jumping and plyometric exercises had an impact on injury rates. However, combining the data from the two schools, we found a trend towards decreased injury likelihood in those with more years of experience running, and a significantly greater incidence of injuries in those who described their diet as vegetarian. These results suggest that novice runners should perhaps have a different set of expectations regarding the pre- and in-season training regimen, and that those whose diet is vegetarian consider review of their nutrition to optimize their energy level and reparative capacity with the increased activity of a high school track running program.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study on the Perspectives of Latinas Enrolled in a Diabetes Prevention Program: Is the Cost of Prevention Too High?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272094542
Author(s):  
Maud Joachim-Célestin ◽  
Thelma Gamboa-Maldonado ◽  
Hildemar Dos Santos ◽  
Susanne B. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Program ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Culturally Adapted

Introduction: Latinas are among the groups most affected by diabetes health disparities, yet they often benefit less from diabetes interventions even when these are culturally adapted. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore readiness of Latinas enrolled in a diabetes prevention program to adopt recommended preventive behaviors, and to identify factors associated with the adoption and maintenance of these recommended lifestyle changes. Insights gained will be used to inform future efforts at reducing diabetes disparities and the burden of chronic diseases among Latinas. Methods: Nine focus group discussions (FGDs) and 3 key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted after the completion of a culturally adapted diabetes prevention program led by Latino community health workers. A grounded theory approach by Charmaz informed by the transtheoretical model guided the questions. Discussions and interviews were audio-taped with participants’ permission, transcribed, coded, and themed. Results: Forty low-income Latinas contributed to FGDs and KIIs. Baseline readiness to engage in new behaviors varied. Negative personal and family health events and physician referral impacted most readiness to enroll and to adopt preventive behaviors. Built environment, financial constraints, and threat of social alienation constituted major barriers to behavior adoption and maintenance, while physician involvement, awareness of diabetes complications, and social support partially mitigated these impediments. Conclusions: Our results suggest that timing of enrollment, physician-patient dynamics, and the emotional personal/family cost of behavior modification should all be considered when planning diabetes prevention programs for low-income Latinas. Besides appropriately timing referrals to accessible culturally informed prevention programs, health educators and health care providers should be aware of the potentially negative impact of behavior modification on family dynamics and be prepared to address resulting repercussions. Future research on Latinas should also include and report data on physician involvement, family context, and social determinants of health for more consistent program comparisons.

scholarly journals SI: Survivability under Overheating: The Impact of Regional and Global Climate Change on the Vulnerable and Low-Income Population

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Afroditi Synnefa ◽  
Shamila Haddad ◽  
Priyadarsini Rajagopalan ◽  
Mattheos Santamouris
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Low Income Population ◽  
Local Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

The present special issue discusses three significant challenges of the built environment, namely regional and global climate change, vulnerability, and survivability under the changing climate. Synergies between local climate change, energy consumption of buildings and energy poverty, and health risks highlight the necessity to develop mitigation strategies to counterbalance overheating impacts. The studies presented here assess the underlying issues related to urban overheating. Further, the impacts of temperature extremes on the low-income population and increased morbidity and mortality have been discussed. The increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of heatwaves due to human-caused climate change is shown to affect underserved populations. Thus, housing policies on resident exposure to intra-urban heat have been assessed. Finally, opportunities to mitigate urban overheating have been proposed and discussed.

The Impact of Burn Survivor Pre-injury Income and Payer Status on Health-Related Quality of Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford C Sheckter ◽  
Gretchen J Carrougher ◽  
Steven E Wolf ◽  
Jeffrey C Schneider ◽  
Nicole Gibran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
National Database ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The costs required to provide acute care for patients with serious burn injuries are significant. In the US, these costs are often shared by patients. However, the impacts of pre-injury finances on health-related quality of life (HRQL) have been poorly characterized. We hypothesized that lower income and public payers would be associated with poorer HRQL. Methods Burn survivors with complete data for pre-injury personal income and payer status were extracted from the longitudinal Burn Model System National Database. HRQL outcomes were measured with VR-12 scores at 6, 12, and 24 months post-injury. VR-12 scores were evaluated using generalized linear models, adjusting for potential confounders (e.g., age, gender, self-identified race, burn injury severity). Results 453 participants had complete data for income and payer status. More than one third of BMS participants earned less than $25,000/year (36%), 24% earned $25,000-49,000/year, 23% earned $50,000-99,000/year, 11% earned $100,000-149,000/year, 3% earned $150,000-199,000/year, and 4% earned &gt;$200,000/year. VR-12 mental component (MCS) and physical component summary (PCS) scores were highest for those who earned $150-199k/year (55.8 and 55.8), and lowest for those who earned &lt;$25,000/year (49.0 and 46.4). After adjusting for demographics, payer, and burn severity, 12-month MCS and PCS and 24-month PCS scores were negatively associated with Medicare payer (p&lt;0.05). Low income was not significantly associated with lower VR-12 scores. Conclusion There was a peaking relationship between HRQL and middle-class income, but this trend was not significant after adjusting for covariates. Public payers, particularly Medicare, were independently associated with poorer HRQL. The findings might be used to identify those at risk of financial toxicity for targeting assistance during rehabilitation.

Economic Evaluation of a Pilot School–Based Dental Checkup Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Nguyen ◽  
Y.-S. Hsueh ◽  
M.V. Morgan ◽  
R.J. Mariño ◽  
S. Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this study were to perform an economic evaluation of a targeted school-based dental checkup program in northern metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria. A 12-mo retrospective case-control cohort analysis using the decision tree method evaluated the incremental cost-utility and cost-effectiveness ratio (ICUR/ICER) for passive standard care dental services and an outreach pilot intervention completed in 2013. A societal perspective was adopted. A total of 273 children ( n = 273) aged between 3 and 12 y met the inclusion/exclusion criteria: 128 in the standard care group and 145 in the intervention group. The total society costs included health sector costs, patient/family costs, and productivity losses in 2014 Australian dollars. Outcome measures were evaluated using quality-adjusted tooth years (QATY) and the combined deciduous and permanent decayed, missing, and filled teeth prevented (DMFT-prevented). A generic outcome variable was created to determine the impact of the intervention to reach underserved populations based on government concession eligibility (cardholder status). Uncertainties were incorporated using 95% confidence intervals. The mean total society cost per child is $463 and $291 ( P = 0.002), QATY utility difference is 0.283 and 0.293 ( P = 0.937), effectiveness difference is 0.16 and 0.10 ( P = 0.756), and cardholder status is 50.0% and 66.2% ( P = 0.007), respectively, for the standard care and intervention groups. On average per child, there was a cost saving of $172 and improvement of 0.01 QATY, with an additional proportion of 16.2% of cardholder children reached. The calculated ICER was $3,252 per DMFT-prevented. The intervention dominates standard care for QATY and per 1% cardholder reached outcome measures. Our study found the pilot checkup program was largely less costly and more effective compared with the current standard care. Further research is needed to quantify the value of outreach interventions to prevent dental caries development and progression in populations from low socioeconomic status. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this research demonstrated that an outreach dental program can be less costly and more effective than standard models of dental care. It showed that a school-based dental checkup program is beneficial despite other opinions that dental screening is ineffective as a method to improve public dental health. There is fiscal economic evidence to support broader expansion of similar programs locally and internationally to reduce dental caries for children from low-income families.

Disparities in Burn Injury Prevalence and Outcomes: Results of a Community-Based Burn Prevention Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
Adel Elkbuli ◽  
Valerie Polcz ◽  
Ahmad Elghoroury ◽  
Elizabeth Young ◽  
Shaikh Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Program ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Burn Prevention

scholarly journals Healthy Fathers, Healthy Kids: Feasibility of a Father-focused Childhood Obesity Prevention Program for Low-income Families with Preschool Aged Children (OR13-03-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Mobley ◽  
Kim Gans ◽  
Kari Adamsons ◽  
Tania Huedo-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Childhood Obesity Prevention ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Obesity Prevention Program ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this pilot study was to determine feasibility of recruitment and retention of low-income fathers of preschool aged children in a childhood obesity prevention program (Healthy Fathers, Healthy Kids), based on process evaluation data, to improve paternal food-related parenting practices, mealtime behaviors and father and child nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Methods Father and child dyads (n = 45) were enrolled in an 8 session (2 hours/session) community-based intervention including nutrition and parent education with between-session technology enhancements. Dyads were assigned within groups to intervention (n = 31) or a delayed comparison group (n = 14). Assessments were conducted at pre and post including a subset of data from cohabiting mothers (n = 27) to assess moderating influences on outcomes. Results Of the fathers in the intervention group, 87% (27 out of 31) were retained in the program and of those remaining, 93% (25 out of 27) attended at least one session and 63% (17 out of 27) attended the majority of sessions (at least four sessions). The majority of fathers (81%) (22 out of 27) completed at least one post-program assessment. None of the fathers in the comparison group participated in the program intervention because of the 6–8 week planned delay. Retaining fathers in the delayed comparison group for intervention delivery, conducting 24 hour dietary recalls, and implementation of technology enhancements during the program for intervention fathers proved difficult. Conclusions While fathers remain an underserved audience in childhood obesity prevention outreach efforts, some challenges persist in recruiting and retention. A community champion proved to be an invaluable resource. Additional suggestions for recruitment and retention will be discussed. Further research should explore the impact of father-focused programming on parent and child outcomes and determine best practices in using technology enhancements with fathers in a community setting. Funding Sources National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

The Impact of Universal Suicide-Prevention Programs on the Help-Seeking Attitudes and Behaviors of Youths

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Klimes-Dougan ◽  
David A. Klingbeil ◽  
Sarah J. Meller
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Universal Prevention ◽  
Help Seeking Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs ◽  
The Impact

Background: While the ultimate goal of adolescent suicide-prevention efforts is to decrease the incidence of death by suicide, a critical intermediary goal is directing youths toward effective sources of assistance. Aim: To comprehensively review the universal prevention literature and examine the effects of universal prevention programs on student’s attitudes and behaviors related to help-seeking. Method: We systematically reviewed studies that assessed help-seeking outcomes including prevention efforts utilizing (1) psychoeducational curricula, (2) gatekeeper training, and (3) public service messaging directed at youths. Of the studies reviewed, 17 studies evaluated the help-seeking outcomes. These studies were identified through a range of sources (e.g., searching online databases, examining references of published articles on suicide prevention). Results: The results of this review suggest that suicide-prevention programming has a limited impact on help-seeking behavior. Although there was some evidence that suicide-prevention programs had a positive impact on students’ help-seeking attitudes and behaviors, there was also evidence of no effects or iatrogenic effects. Sex and risk status were moderators of program effects on students help-seeking. Conclusions: Caution is warranted when considering which suicidal prevention interventions best optimize the intended goals. The impact on adolescents’ help-seeking behavior is a key concern for educators and mental-health professionals.

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