Partitioning tree water usage into storage and transpiration in a mixed forest

Abstract Background Water migration and use are important processes in trees. However, it is possible to overestimate transpiration by equating the water absorbed through the plant roots to that diffused back to the atmosphere through stomatal transpiration. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the water transpired and stored in plants. Method The δ2H/δ18O technique and heat ratio method were used to explore the water usage of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species, including the proportions of water used for transpiration and water storage. Results Platycladus orientalis and Quercus variabilis had strong plasticity in their water usage from different sources. Platycladus orientalis primarily used groundwater (30.5%) and the 60–100-cm soil layer (21.6%) throughout the experimental period and was sensitive to precipitation, absorbing water from the 0–20-cm layer (26.6%) during the rainy season. Quercus variabilis absorbed water from all sources (15.7%–36.5%) except from the 40–60-cm soil layer during the dry season. In addition, it did not change its water source but increased its groundwater uptake during the rainy season. The annual mean water fluxes of P. orientalis and Q. variabilis were 374.69 and 469.50 mm·year− 1, with 93.49% and 93.91% of the water used for transpiration, respectively. However, nocturnal sap flow in P. orientalis and Q. variabilis was mainly used for water storage in the trunk rather than transpiration, which effectively alleviated drought stress and facilitated the transport of nutrients. Conclusions The water stored in both species comprised 6%–7% of the total water fluxes and, therefore, should be considered in water balance models.

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Water Storage of Plants Cannot Be Ignored During The Process of Water Movement

10.21203/rs.3.rs-723764/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ziqiang Liu ◽

Qianqian Liu ◽

Zijun Wei ◽

Xinxiao Yu ◽

Guodong Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Movement ◽

Reverse Flow ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Water Storage ◽

Water Source ◽

Hydraulic Redistribution ◽

Ratio Method ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Platycladus Orientalis ◽

Chinese Cork Oak

Abstract Water migration and use are important processes in trees. However, it is possible to overestimate transpiration by equating the water absorbed by plant roots with that diffused back to the atmosphere via the stomata. The δ2H/δ18O technique and heat ratio method were used to explore the patterns of water use of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species to determine the proportions of water used for transpiration and water storage. Our results indicate that both species showed strong plasticity in their use of water sources. The species Platycladus orientalis (Oriental arbor-vitae) and Quercus variabilis (Chinese cork oak) primarily absorbed water from groundwater and the 60–100 cm soil layer, and Q. variabilis also absorbed water from the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers during the dry season. Only P. orientalis was sensitive to precipitation and used water from the 0–20 cm layers. Q. variabilis did not change its water source but increased its uptake of groundwater during the rainy season. We observed reverse flow and hydraulic redistribution in P. orientalis, which alleviated the spatial heterogeneity of soil water and provided water for neighboring trees. Nocturnal sap flow in P. orientalis and Q. variabilis facilitated the storage of water in the trunk. The water used for storage in both species comprised 6–7% of the total quantity and therefore, should be considered in water balance models.

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Effects of fine-scale soil moisture and canopy heterogeneity on energy and water fluxes in a northern temperate mixed forest

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology ◽

10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.10.006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 184 ◽

pp. 243-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Lingli He ◽

Valeriy Y. Ivanov ◽

Gil Bohrer ◽

Kyle D. Maurer ◽

Christoph S. Vogel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Fine Scale ◽

Water Fluxes ◽

Temperate Mixed Forest

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The effect of plant water storage on water fluxes within the coupled soil-plant system

New Phytologist ◽

10.1111/nph.14273 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 213 (3) ◽

pp. 1093-1106 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Cheng-Wei Huang ◽

Jean-Christophe Domec ◽

Eric J. Ward ◽

Tomer Duman ◽

Gabriele Manoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Storage ◽

Plant Water ◽

Water Fluxes ◽

Plant System

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Habitat selection by anurofauna community at rocky seashore in coastal Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842013000300011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 533-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

RC. Pontes ◽

RT. Santori ◽

FC. Gonçalves e Cunha ◽

JAL. Pontes

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Water Storage ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Brazilian Coast ◽

Water Storage Capacity ◽

Breeding Activity ◽

Amphibian Community ◽

Top View ◽

Selection Of

Rocky seashores are low granitic hills distributed along the southeastern Brazilian coast with xeric-like vegetation due to the shallow soil. Knowledge on amphibian communities and their reproductive patterns is especially reduced on this kind of environment. Herein, we present a framework of two years monitoring an amphibian community at a rocky seashore environment located at the protected area of Parque Estadual da Serra da Tiririca, municipality of Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We conducted diurnal and nocturnal searches for frogs in tank bromeliads, rocky surface and shrubby vegetation. Annual pattern of breeding activity of anurans was also estimated. Individuals of the most abundant tank-bromeliad, Alcantarea glaziouana were collected and measured according to several variables to understanding the selection of bromeliads by frogs. We checked the influence of the environmental conditions on amphibian abundance, association between the bromeliads measures, and the water storage in the tank. We recorded the species: Scinax aff. x-signatus; S. cuspidatus; S. littoreus; Thoropa miliaris and Gastrotheca sp. Bromeliads were the preferential habitat used by anurans. The nocturnal habit was predominant for all species and during diurnal searches, the specimens were found sheltered in bromeliads axils. The number of calling males as well as amphibian abundance was associated with the rainiest and warmest period of the year. The species S. littoreus was observed in breeding activity in the majority of sample period. Adult calling males of T. miliaris were observed especially in the rainy season. Rainfall and temperature combined are positively correlated to the total number of captured amphibians. However, individually, rainfall was not significantly correlated, while temperature was positively correlated with the amphibian abundance. Water storage capacity by bromeliads was correlated to characteristics and size of the plant. In the rainy season, the height of the plant and the diameter on top view were correlated with the occurrence of amphibians, while during the driest period there was no correlation among variables and the bromeliad usage by amphibians. Recorded species were strongly associated to the Atlantic Forest domain. Nevertheless, the occupation of rocky seashores by anurans may be more associated with the specialized reproductive modes presented by species, since there is no permanent water available in ponds or streams.

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Physically-based modelling of hydrological processes in a tropical headwater catchment (West Africa) – process representation and multi-criteria validation

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-10-829-2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 829-847 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

S. Giertz ◽

B. Diekkrüger ◽

G. Steup

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Hydrological Processes ◽

Runoff Generation ◽

Field Investigations ◽

Physically Based ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Headwater Catchment

Abstract. The aim of the study was to test the applicability of a physically-based model to simulate the hydrological processes in a headwater catchment in Benin. Field investigations in the catchment have shown that lateral processes such as surface runoff and interflow are most important. Therefore, the 1-D SVAT-model SIMULAT was modified to a semi-distributed hillslope version (SIMULAT-H). Based on a good database, the model was evaluated in a multi-criteria validation using discharge, discharge components and soil moisture data. For the validation of discharge, good results were achieved for dry and wet years. The main differences were observable in the beginning of the rainy season. A comparison of the discharge components determined by hydro-chemical measurements with the simulation revealed that the model simulated the ratio of groundwater fluxes and fast runoff components correctly. For the validation of the discharge components of single events, larger differences were observable, which was partly caused by uncertainties in the precipitation data. The representation of the soil moisture dynamics by the model was good for the top soil layer. For deeper soil horizons, which are characterized by higher gravel content, the differences between simulated and measured soil moisture were larger. A good agreement of simulation results and field investigations was achieved for the runoff generation processes. Interflow is the predominant process on the upper and the middle slopes, while at the bottom of the hillslope groundwater recharge and – during the rainy season – saturated overland flow are important processes.

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Carbon Storage Allocation Characteristics of Platycladus Orientalis Plantation Ecosystem with Different Densities

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.003379 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Carbon Storage ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Stand Density ◽

Pinus Massoniana ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Density Regulation ◽

Platycladus Orientalis ◽

Tree Layer

<p>Purpose: To research the influence of different densities of Platycladus orientalis plantation on the allocation characteristics of carbon storage in the ecosystem, the density regulation experiment on the Pinus massoniana plantation with different densities was carried out to discuss the change of the carbon storage of the ecosystem. Method: The density regulation experiment was carried out using random block design along contour line. Through the estimation of tree layer biomass of single Pinus massoniana, the determination of the carbon storage in the tree layer of Pinus massoniana, the estimation of the understory shrub, the grass layer, and the wood layer, the determination of carbon storage in vegetation and litter layer under forest, the determination of organic carbon content and carbon storage in the sample, and the carbon storage of the plantation ecosystem of different stand density sample plots, the effects of stand density on biomass and carbon storage of Pinus massoniana plantation were analyzed. Results: The results of average carbon storage per unit area of Pinus massoniana plantation was different stand densities are 94.11 t/tm2 (1679 plants t/hm2), 79.06 t/tm2 (2250 plants / hm2), 73.32 t/tm2 (2800 plants / hm2). With the increase of stand density, the proportion of carbon storage in Pinus massoniana plantation decreased. This is because the larger the stand density, the more trees with small and medium diameter are grown in the Pinus massoniana plantation. The average diameter at breast height of the stand is very small, and the biomass of single tree decreases. The density is most beneficial to the improvement of the carbon storage of the tree layer. Conclusions: Density regulation promotes the accumulation of carbon storage of the Pinus massoniana plantation and increases the carbon storage of understory vegetation, litter, and soil layer.</p>

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Impacts of different mulching patterns in rainfall-harvesting planting on soil water and spring corn growth development in semihumid regions of China

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr16127 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 285 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Xiaolong Ren ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

Xiaoli Liu ◽

Shahzad Ali ◽

Xiaoli Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Loess Plateau ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Water Storage ◽

Field Trials ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Dryland Farming ◽

Growth Development ◽

Average Plant

Rain-harvesting planting can improve crop biomass and enhance precipitation use efficiency in rainfed semiarid areas. In this study, field trials were conducted during summer 2007–2010 to determine the impacts of different mulching patterns in rainfall harvesting planting on spring corn growth and development in a typical semihumid dryland farming area of the Loess Plateau in China, which is characterised by spring droughts. Rain-harvesting ridges and planting furrows were mulched with 8% biodegradable film (RCSB), liquid film (RCSL), or not mulched (RCSN), and bare land drilling without mulching served as the control (CF). We found that the rain-harvesting effects of ridges and the evaporation-inhibiting and moisture-conserving effects of mulching materials during the spring corn growing season significantly increased water storage in the 0–100cm soil layer (P<0.05) compared with CF, where mulching was more beneficial than the non-mulching treatments. In the 100–200cm soil layers, there were no significant effects (P>0.05) of the treatments on water storage. During 2007–2010, the average plant height increased by 26.6%, 15.4%, and 11.1% under RCSB, RCSL, and RCSN relative to CF respectively, whereas the per plant biomass increased by 26.6%, 15.4%, and 11.1% under these treatments, and the grain yield increased by 32.3%, 17.5%, and 15.0%. Therefore, in the semihumid dryland farming areas of the Loess Plateau, rain-harvesting planting greatly increased the growth, development, and dry matter accumulation by spring corn, thereby enhancing its biomass yield, whereas the plastic-covered ridges and furrows mulched with biodegradable films substantially increased the yield-enhancing effects.

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Modelling the seasonal dynamics of the soil water balance of vineyards

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp02222 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 699 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Eric Lebon ◽

Vincent Dumas ◽

Philippe Pieri ◽

Hans R. Schultz

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Water Storage ◽

Soil Evaporation ◽

Water Dynamics ◽

Soil Water Balance ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Rooting Depth ◽

Top Soil

A geometrical canopy model describing radiation absorption (Riou et al. 1989, Agronomie 9, 441–450) and partitioning between grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and soil was coupled to a soil water balance routine describing a bilinear change in relative transpiration rate as a function of the fraction of soil transpirable water (FTSW). The model was amended to account for changes in soil evaporation after precipitation events and subsequent dry-down of the top soil layer. It was tested on two experimental vineyards in the Alsace region, France, varying in soil type, water-holding capacity and rooting depth. Simulations were run over four seasons (1992–1993, 1995–1996) and compared with measurements of FTSW conducted with a neutron probe. For three out of four years, the model simulated the dynamics in seasonal soil water balance adequately. For the 1996 season soil water content was overestimated for one vineyard and underestimated for the other. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the model responded strongly to changes in canopy parameters, and that soil evaporation was particularly sensitive to water storage of the top soil layer after rainfall. We found a close relationship between field-average soil water storage and pre-dawn water potential, a relationship which could be used to couple physiological models of growth and / or photosynthesis to the soil water dynamics.

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Performance and behaviour of Nellore steers on integrated systems

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16351 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 920 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L. F. Domiciano ◽

M. A. Mombach ◽

P. Carvalho ◽

N. M. F. da Silva ◽

D. H. Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Transition Period ◽

Production Systems ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Radiant Heat ◽

Integrated Systems ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Humidity Index

This study aimed to evaluate performance and behaviour of Nellore steers (Bos taurus indicus) in integrated systems. Treatments consisted of three different systems: livestock; crop-livestock; and livestock-forestry, with triple rows of eucalyptus trees. The experiment was carried out in Sinop, MT, Brazil, in a randomised complete block design with four replicates, during two seasons (dry-rainy transition and rainy). The experimental period was from 19 September 2015 to 10 January 2016. Nellore steers used in the experiment had an average initial weight of 344 kg ± 11 kg, in continuous stocking and variable stocking rate. Forage mass accumulation rate was evaluated and, independently of the system, had the highest values recorded during the rainy season. Microclimate was evaluated through temperature and humidity index, black globe temperature and humidity index and radiant heat load. Highest values were obtained from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. at the dry-rainy transition period for all systems. Animal behaviour was assessed every 10 min from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and averages were calculated for every 2 h. The longest grazing period was recorded from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m., and then after 3:00 p.m., regardless of the system. Rumination occurred more frequently from 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. during the rainy season, and also in the shade for the livestock-forestry system. Highest weight gains per area were recorded during the rainy season and for the crop-livestock system. It is concluded that the highest yields can be achieved with the inclusion of the crop component in livestock production systems, and that Nellore steers in silvopastoral systems prefer to ruminate and stay idle in the shade.

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