Human Milk output among mothers previously treated for severe acute malnutrition in childhood in Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract Background Malnutrition is a public health problem, as wasting affects 7.5% of children worldwide. The harmful effects of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) can last a lifetime, but how SAM in childhood affects later breastfeeding ability is not clear. In the present study, we assessed the human milk output and body composition among mothers with a history of childhood SAM. Methods This retrospective cohort study was carried out in Miti-Murhesa Health Zone (Democratic Republic of Congo) from January 15 to March 17, 2020. We selected lactating mothers with breastfed infants aged 2–12 months. Two categories of mothers were included: those who had been treated for SAM during their childhood (years 1988–2003; n = 39) and a community control with no history of SAM (n = 40). The weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated as weight/height2. Body composition and human milk output were assessed using standard deuterium dilution methods. Student t and chi2 tests ware applied to compare two groups. Results The mean age ± standard deviation of the mothers was 24.4 ± 5.1 and 26.0 ± 6.1 years for the SAM and control groups, respectively (p = 0.186). The age of their infants was 5.4 ± 2.3 months in both groups (p = 0.962). In the SAM and control groups, the mean maternal BMI was 23.8 ± 2.3 and 23.6 ± 3.7 kg/m2 (p = 0.849), mean Fat Mass 27.1% ± 5.0 and 27.1% ± 5.8% (p = 0.708), and the mean Fat Free mass 72.9% ± 5.0 and 72.9% ± 5.8% (p = 0.998), respectively. Human milk output was 833.7 ± 152.1 g/d in SAM group and 827.4 ± 171.4 g/d in the control group (p = 0.864). Conclusions We found no significant difference in human milk output and body composition in mothers treated for SAM during childhood compared to community controls.

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Correlation between Abortion and Infertility among Nonsmoking Women with a History of Passive Smoking in Childhood and Adolescence

International Journal of Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/678530 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Jila Amirkhani ◽

Soheila Yadollah-Damavandi ◽

Seyed Mohammad-Javad Mirlohi ◽

Seyede Mahnaz Nasiri ◽

Yekta Parsa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Passive Smoking ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Control Groups ◽

Missed Abortion ◽

Passive Smoker ◽

History Of ◽

Adolescence Period ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation of exposing to the cigarette smoke in childhood and adolescence with infertility and abortion in women. This case-control study evaluated 178 women who had been attended to at the Amir-al-Momenin Hospital in Tehran in 2012-2013. Seventy-eight women with chief complaint of abortion, infertility, and missed abortion and 100 healthy women were considered as case and control groups, respectively. The tool was a questionnaire with two parts. In the first part demographic information was gathered and in the second part the information regarding the history of passive smoking in childhood and adolescence period, abortion, and infertility was gathered. The mean age in case and control groups was 26.24 ± 3.1 and 27.3 ± 4.2 years, respectively. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.74 ± 1.38 Kg/m2. Abortion rates among passive smoker and nonpassive smoker patients were statistically significant (P=0.036). Based on findings of this study, the experience of being a passive smoker in childhood and adolescence in women will increase the risk of abortion and infertility in the future, which could be the reason to encourage the society to step back from smoking cigarettes.

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Platelet Aggregability in Sleep-Related Stroke

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100028547 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 71-77

Author(s):

C.L. Voll ◽

N. Chetty ◽

P. Atkinson

Keyword(s):

Stroke Onset ◽

Control Groups ◽

Nocturnal Sleep ◽

Platelet Aggregability ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Circadian Fluctuation ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT:We examined platelet aggregability during nocturnal sleep and daytime wakefulness in patients with a history of sleep-related stroke onset (SOS) and compared it to that of matched awake-onset stroke (AOS) patients and controls without evidence of vascular disease. Aggregability was evaluated in-vitro at least seven weeks following stroke onset. Platelets were more aggregable to ADP, collagen and arachidonic acid (AA) during both sleep and wakefulness in patients with AOS (p<0.01). No significant difference in the mean aggregation thresholds during sleeping or waking periods were found between SOS and control groups. However, platelets were significantly more responsive to AA during sleep than during wakefulness in the SOS patients (p<0.01). This difference was confined to the subgroup of SOS patients who had experienced nocturnal as opposed to daytime sleep-related stroke onset, suggesting that the observed difference in platelet responsiveness to AA may be related to a circadian fluctuation in platelet aggregability rather than to a sleep-related fluctuation. Significant sleep-related changes in platelet aggregability were not identified in the other two groups.

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Investigation of the Association Between Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and Cardiac Risk Factors in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Current Rheumatology Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573397116666191217122030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 125-133

Author(s):

Zahra Rezaieyazdi ◽

Sima Sedighi ◽

Masoumeh Salari ◽

Mohammadreza H. Fard ◽

Mahmoud R. Azarpazhooh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Background: The relationship between SLE and traditional risk factors for cardiovascular events was evaluated. Methods: The data regarding sixty patients with SLE and 30 healthy controls (age and sex matched) were gathered using SLEDAI forms. Venous blood (10mL) from all the participants was examined for hs-CRP, homocysteine, VCAM1, CBC, anti-DNA antibody, C3, C4, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, FBS and triglyceride. : The IMT of carotid arteries was determined bilaterally by ultrasound. Other measurements included insulin levels via Elisa (Linco/Millipore Corp) and the HOMA-IR index for insulin resistance. Results: The mean age (in years) in the test and control groups was 28.8±10.3 (18-52) and 33.8±9.13 (18-48), respectively. Results: The mean age (in years) in the test and control groups was 28.8±10.3 (18-52) and 33.8±9.13 (18-48), respectively. : The average IMT in the test group was directly related to serum levels of VCAM1 (p<0.001), homocysteine (p<0.001), cholesterol (p<0.009), LDL (p<0.001), TG (p<0.001), and FPG (p=0.004). The association between other risk factors, insulin resistance, carotid IMT and SLEDAI, was nonexistent. Mean insulin and insulin resistance levels in all the participants were 0.43±2.06 µU/mL and 0.09±0.44, respectively. There was no significant difference between the test and control groups regarding serum insulin and insulin resistance levels (p=0.42 and p=0.9, respectively). None of the risk factors, such as hsCRP, VCAM1, or homocysteine, were shown to be related to insulin resistance (p=0.6, p=0.6, p=0.09, respectively). Conclusion:: Our findings did not show an increase in the prevalence of atherosclerosis in patients with SLE. There was no association between IMT and insulin resistance. However, the former was associated with FPG, total cholesterol, LDL, TG, homocystein and VCAM1.

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Postoperative analgesia effects of sulfentanyl plus dexmedetomidine in patients received VATS

Pteridines ◽

10.1515/pteridines-2020-0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

Haoyu Jiang ◽

Ying Zheng ◽

Chang Liu ◽

Ying Bao

Keyword(s):

Statistical Difference ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Statistical Difference ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Intravenous Analgesia ◽

The Mean ◽

Nsclc Patients ◽

And Control ◽

Time Point

AbstractBackground To evaluate sulfentanyl combined with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on postoperative analgesia in patients who received video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and its effects on serum norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and prostaglandin (PGE2).Material and Methods Ninety-nine non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received VATS were included in the study. All the patients received intravenous inhalation compound anesthesia. Of the 99 cases, 49 subjects (control group) received sulfentanyl for patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PICA) and other 50 cases (experiment group) received sulfentanyl combined with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride for PICA after operation of VATS. The analgesic effects of the two groups were evaluated according to Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) and the Bruggrmann Comfort Scale (BCS). The serum pain mediator of NE, DA, 5-HT, and PGE2 were examined and compared between the two groups in the first 24 h post-surgery.Results The VAS scores for the experiment group were significant lower than that of control group on the time points of 8, 16, and 24 h post-surgery (pall<0.05), and the BCS scores of the experiment group in the time points of 8, 16, and 24 h were significantly higher than that of controls (p<0.05). However, the VAS and BCS scores were not statistical differently in the time point of 1, 2, and 4 h post-surgery (pall>0.05). The mean sulfentanyl dosage was 63.01 ± 5.14 μg and 67.12 ± 6.91 μg for the experiment and control groups respectively with significant statistical difference (p<0.05). The mean analgesic pump pressing times were 4.30 ± 1.31 and 5.31 ± 1.46 for experiment and control groups respectively with significant statistical difference (p<0.05). The serum NE, DA, 5-HT, and PGE2 levels were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to that of control group in the time point of 12 h post-surgery (pall<0.05). The side effects of nausea, vomiting, delirium, rash, and hypotension atrial fibrillation were not statistically different between the two groups (pall>0.05).Conclusion Patient controlled intravenous analgesia of sulfentanyl combined with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride was effective in reducing the VAS score and serum pain mediators in NSCLC patients who received VAST.

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The Baby Shark (Songs Heard Affecting Resuscitation Kinetics) study

BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning ◽

10.1136/bmjstel-2020-000657 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bmjstel-2020-000657

Author(s):

Rebecca Singer ◽

Grace Leo ◽

Tessa Davis ◽

Ben Lawton ◽

Henry Goldstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Target Zone ◽

Compression Depth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Overall Performance ◽

The Mean ◽

Training Exercises ◽

And Control ◽

Musical Cues

Previous research has examined the utilisation of musical cues to improve the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) delivered in training environments. We postulated a musical cue that is both contemporary and transcends cultures may improve CPR performance. Our aim was to establish whether chest compressions are performed with improved rate and depth if a song of a fixed beat (PinkFong’s ‘Baby Shark’ with a tempo of 115 beats per minute (bpm) and 15 beats in each verse) is played to a healthcare professional immediately before undertaking CPR compared to whale noises (a non-metronomic rhythm). 58 Participants of a paediatric conference (majority doctors) were randomly assigned to listen to a minute of Baby Shark (28) or whale song (30) and then undertake a minute of CPR. There was no significant difference in the mean compression rate between the Baby Shark and control groups, with the groups achieving 121 and 125 bpm, respectively (p=0.18). In relation to compression depth within the target zone, the Baby Shark group had more compressions completed within the target zone (55%) than the control group (39%) although this difference was not significant (p=0.08). Listening to Baby Shark prior to undertaking simulated CPR does not improve overall performance, but there is a potential tendency to improve adequate compression depth which may be beneficial in training exercises.

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Design and biomechanical study of slide-poking external fixator for hip fracture

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520950934 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (12) ◽

pp. 030006052095093

Author(s):

Hua-Biao Chen ◽

Hong-Bo Wu ◽

Min Chen ◽

Yu-Liang Huang

Keyword(s):

Hip Fracture ◽

Femoral Head ◽

Hip Fractures ◽

External Fixator ◽

Dynamic Hip Screw ◽

Control Groups ◽

Vertical Loading ◽

Hip Screw ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Background Femoral head collapse and coxa vara lead to internal fixator failure in elderly patients with hip fracture. External fixator application is an optimal choice; however, the existing methods have many disadvantages. Methods Type 31-A1.3 hip fracture models were developed in nine pairs of 1-year-old fresh bovine corpse femur specimens. Each left femur specimen was fixed by a dynamic hip screw (control group), and each right femur specimen was fixed by the slide-poking external fixator (experimental group). Vertical loading and torsion tests were then performed in both groups. Results In the vertical loading experiment, a 1000-N load was implemented. The mean vertical downward displacement of the femoral head in the experimental and control groups was 1.49322 ± 0.116280 and 2.13656 ± 0.166374 mm, respectively. In the torsion experiment, when the torsion was increased to 10.0 Nm, the mean torsion angle in the experimental and control groups was 7.9733° ± 1.65704° and 15.4889° ± 0.73228°, respectively. The slide-poking external fixator was significantly more resistant to compression and rotation than the dynamic hip screw. Conclusion The slide-poking external fixator for hip fractures that was designed and developed in this study can provide sufficient stability to resist compression and rotation in hip fractures.

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Severe acute malnutrition in children admitted in an Intensive Therapeutic and Feeding Centre of South Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Why do our patients die?

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0236022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. e0236022 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard Mbusa Kambale ◽

Gaylord Amani Ngaboyeka ◽

Joseph Ntagerwa Ntagazibwa ◽

Marie-Hélène Igega Bisimwa ◽

Lisa Yvette Kasole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

South Kivu

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Effect of a Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator on Induction of Apoptosis in Uterine Fibroids In Vivo

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2012/436174 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Petr Horak ◽

Michal Mara ◽

Pavel Dundr ◽

Kristyna Kubinova ◽

David Kuzel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Hormonal Treatment ◽

Control Groups ◽

Ulipristal Acetate ◽

Receptor Modulator ◽

Positive Clinical Effect ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Aim. To determine if hormonal treatment induces apoptosis in uterine fibroids.Methods. Immunohistochemical examination of fibroid tissue, using avidin-biotin complex and cleaved caspase-3 antibody for detecting apoptosis, was performed in premenopausal women who underwent 12-week treatment with oral SPRM (6 patients with 5 mg and 5 patients with 10 mg of ulipristal acetate per day) or gonadoliberin agonist (GnRHa, 17 patients) and subsequent myomectomy or hysterectomy for symptomatic uterine fibroids. Ten patients with no presurgical hormonal treatment were used as controls.Results. Apoptosis was present in a significantly higher proportion of patients treated with ulipristal acetate compared to GnRHa (P=0.01) and to patients with no hormonal treatment (P=0.01). In contrast to an AI of 158.9 in SPRM patients, the mean AI was 27.5 and 2.0 in GnRHa and control groups, respectively. No statistical difference in the AI was observed between the two groups of patients treated with ulipristal acetate (5 mg or 10 mg).Conclusion. Treatment with ulipristal acetate induces apoptosis in uterine fibroid cells. This effect of SPRM may contribute to their positive clinical effect on uterine fibroids.

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Time To Relapse of Severe Acute Malnutrition And Its Determinants Among Children Treated In The Health Posts of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-718840/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abera Lambebo ◽

Desselegn Temiru ◽

Tefera Belachew

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Acute Malnutrition ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Under Five ◽

Back Ground ◽

Relapse Time ◽

The Mean ◽

Time To Relapse ◽

Hadiya Zone

Abstract Back ground: In developing countries including Ethiopia, children under five years old are likely to suffer from repeated bouts of SAM. There is lack of study that documented time to relapse of SAM and its determinants. Objective: This study aimed to identify time of relapse and its determinants among children discharged after treatment for SAM in health facilities of Hadiya Zone, South, Ethiopia Methods: An institution based retrospective cohort study was carried out from data spanning from 2014/2015 to 2019/2020. After checking all the assumptions, multivariable CPH model was fitted to isolate independent determinants of time to relapse. All tests were two sided and statistical significance at P values <0.05. Result: The mean(±SD) time for relapse of SAM among under five children was 22(±9.9) weeks from discharge to relapse time. On multivariable CPH model, the hazard of relapse for SAM was significantly higher for children who had edema (AHR =2.02 ,95%, CI: 1.17-3.50), age of 6-11 months (AHR = 5.2, 95%, CI:1.95-13.87), had discharge low MUAC (AHR = 12,95%, CI: 7.90-19.52)Concussion: The finding showed that children discharged from SAM are likely to have relapse in 3 weeks.

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Abstract 14768: Echocardiographic Strain Outcomes of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Chemotherapy Induced Cardiomyopathy

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14768 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Fatima M Ezzeddine ◽

Antoine N Saliba ◽

Vaibhav Jain ◽

Hector R Villarraga ◽

Joerg Herrmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ◽

Strain Rate ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Cardiac Resynchronization ◽

Control Group ◽

Resynchronization Therapy ◽

Control Groups ◽

Left Ventricular Strain ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Introduction: Several chemotherapy agents, especially anthracyclines, are associated with the development of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. When chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy (CHIC) is associated with left bundle branch block (QRS >150 ms) and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35% or lower, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is often utilized to improve cardiac function and relieve symptoms. Hypothesis: CRT is associated with improvement in left ventricular strain in patients with CHIC. Methods: The study included 22 patients with CHIC and 44 age- and gender-matched controls with other types of NIC who underwent CRT implantation between 2004 and 2017. LVEF, left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), systolic strain rate (SRS), and early diastolic strain rate (SRE) were assessed at baseline and 6-18 months after CRT. CRT response was defined as LVEF improvement by >5% after CRT. Results: CRT responders had a significant improvement in left ventricular GLS as compared to CRT non-responders in the control group, but not in the CHIC group (Table 1). The mean change in LVEF after CRT was similar between the CHIC and control groups (10 ± 10% versus 11 ± 11%, p= 0.67). The mean change in GLS after CRT was also similar between the two groups (-2.15 ± 4.32 versus -3.57 ± 4.02, p= 0.19). The proportion of patients whose LVEF increased by more than 5% was similar between the two groups (59% in the CHIC group versus 68% in the control group, p= 0.46). The mean changes in LV myocardial systolic and early diastolic strain rates were similar between the CHIC and control groups. Mean SRS decreased by 0.13 ± 0.14 in the CHIC group and by 0.34 ± 1.28 in the control group (p=0.45). Mean SRE increased by 0.06 ± 0.18 in the CHIC group and by 0.07 ± 0.22 in the control group (p=0.86). Conclusions: CRT is associated with improvement in left ventricular strain in patients with CHIC. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the echocardiographic strain outcomes of CRT in CHIC.

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