scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis Resulting in a Typology of Elementary Classroom Movement Integration Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridoula Vazou ◽  
Collin A. Webster ◽  
Gregory Stewart ◽  
Priscila Candal ◽  
Cate A. Egan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Teacher Collaboration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Movement Integration

Abstract Background/Objective Movement integration (MI) involves infusing physical activity into normal classroom time. A wide range of MI interventions have succeeded in increasing children’s participation in physical activity. However, no previous research has attempted to unpack the various MI intervention approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review, qualitatively analyze, and develop a typology of MI interventions conducted in primary/elementary school settings. Subjects/Methods Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify published MI interventions. Irrelevant records were removed first by title, then by abstract, and finally by full texts of articles, resulting in 72 studies being retained for qualitative analysis. A deductive approach, using previous MI research as an a priori analytic framework, alongside inductive techniques were used to analyze the data. Results Four types of MI interventions were identified and labeled based on their design: student-driven, teacher-driven, researcher-teacher collaboration, and researcher-driven. Each type was further refined based on the MI strategies (movement breaks, active lessons, other: opening activity, transitions, reward, awareness), the level of intrapersonal and institutional support (training, resources), and the delivery (dose, intensity, type, fidelity). Nearly half of the interventions were researcher-driven, which may undermine the sustainability of MI as a routine practice by teachers in schools. An imbalance is evident on the MI strategies, with transitions, opening and awareness activities, and rewards being limitedly studied. Delivery should be further examined with a strong focus on reporting fidelity. Conclusions There are distinct approaches that are most often employed to promote the use of MI and these approaches may often lack a minimum standard for reporting MI intervention details. This typology may be useful to effectively translate the evidence into practice in real-life settings to better understand and study MI interventions.

scholarly journals Treatment Comparison in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Head-to-Head Trials and Innovative Study Designs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ennio Giulio Favalli ◽  
Serena Bugatti ◽  
Martina Biggioggero ◽  
Roberto Caporali
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Optimal Sequencing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Indirect Comparisons

Over the last decades, the increasing knowledge in the area of rheumatoid arthritis has progressively expanded the arsenal of available drugs, especially with the introduction of novel targeted therapies such as biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). In this situation, rheumatologists are offered a wide range of treatment options, but on the other side the need for comparisons between available drugs becomes more and more crucial in order to better define the strategies for the choice and the optimal sequencing. Indirect comparisons or meta-analyses of data coming from different randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are not immune to conceptual and technical challenges and often provide inconsistent results. In this review we examine some of the possible evolutions of traditional RCTs, such as the inclusion of active comparators, aimed at individualising treatments in real-life conditions. Although head-to-head RCTs may be considered the best tool to directly compare the efficacy and safety of two different DMARDs, surprisingly only 20 studies with such design have been published in the last 25 years. Given the recent advent of the first RCTs truly comparing biological DMARDs, we also review the state of the art of head-to-head trials in RA.

scholarly journals Healthy Behaviors through Behavioral Design–Obesity Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5049
Author(s):  
LesLee Funderburk ◽  
Thomas Cardaci ◽  
Andrew Fink ◽  
Keyanna Taylor ◽  
Jane Rohde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Circadian Disruption ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Design ◽  
Stair Use

Evidence for behavior modification for improved health outcomes was evaluated for nutrition, physical activity (PA), and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The databases searched included LISTA, PubMed, and Web of Science, with articles rated using an a priori baseline score of 70/100 to establish inclusion. The initial search produced 52,847 articles, 63 of which were included in the qualitative synthesis. Thirteen articles met inclusion for nutrition: cafeteria interventions, single interventions, and vending interventions. Seventeen articles on physical activity were included: stair use, walking, and adjustable desks. For IEQ, 33 articles met inclusion: circadian disruption, view and natural light, and artificial light. A narrative synthesis was used to find meaningful connections across interventions with evidence contributing to health improvements. Commonalities throughout the nutrition studies included choice architecture, increasing the availability of healthy food items, and point-of-purchase food labeling. Interventions that promoted PA included stair use, sit/stand furniture, workplace exercise facilities and walking. Exposure to natural light and views of natural elements were found to increase PA and improve sleep quality. Overexposure to artificial light may cause circadian disruption, suppressing melatonin and increasing risks of cancers. Overall, design that encourages healthy behaviors may lower risks associated with chronic disease.

scholarly journals The role of meta-analyses and umbrella reviews in assessing the harms of psychotropic medications: beyond qualitative synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Solmi ◽  
C. U. Correll ◽  
A. F. Carvalho ◽  
J. P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstractὠφελέειν, ἢ μὴ βλάπτειν (Primum non nocere) – Hιppocrates’ principle should still guide daily medical prescribing. Therefore, assessing evidence of psychopharmacologic agents’ safety and harms is essential. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies may provide complementary information about harms of psychopharmacologic medications from both experimental and real-world settings. It is considered that RCTs provide a better control of confounding variables, while observational studies provide evidence from larger samples, longer follow-ups, in more representative samples, which may be more reflective of real-life clinical scenarios. However, this may not always hold true. Moreover, in observational studies, safety data are poorly or inconsistently reported, precluding reliable quantitative synthesis in meta-analyses. Beyond individual studies, meta-analyses, which represent the highest level of ‘evidence’, can be misleading, redundant and of low methodological quality. Overlapping meta-analyses sometimes even reach different conclusions on the same topic. Meta-analyses should be assessed systematically. Descriptive reviews of reviews can be poorly informative. Conversely, ‘umbrella reviews’ can use a quantitative approach to grade evidence. In this editorial, we present the main factors involved in the assessment of psychopharmacologic agents’ harms from individual studies, meta-analyses and umbrella reviews. Study design features, sample size, number of the events of interest, summary effect sizes, p-values, heterogeneity, 95% prediction intervals, confounding factor adjustment and tests of bias (e.g., small-study effects and excess significance) can be combined with other assessment tools, such as AMSTAR and GRADE to create a framework for assessing the credibility of evidence.

scholarly journals How I See Me—A Meta-Analysis Investigating the Association Between Identities and Pro-environmental Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Mia Udall ◽  
Judith I.M. de Groot ◽  
Simon B. De Jong ◽  
Avi Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Environmental Organisation ◽  
Practical Implications

Prolific research suggests identity associates with pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) that are individual and/or group focused. Individual PEB is personally driven, self-reliant, and are conducted on one's own (e.g., home recycling). Group focused PEB is other people-reliant and completed as part of a group (e.g., attending meetings of an environmental organisation). A wide range of identities have been related to PEBs. For example, a recent systematic qualitative review revealed 99 different types of identities studied in a PEB context. Most studies were correlational, few had an experimental design. However, the relationships between all these identities and PEBs have so far not been tested quantitatively with meta-analytical techniques. As such, a clear overview of this field is currently lacking. Due to the diverse nature of the field, a priori hypotheses were not possible and relatively broad definitions of identity had to be used to encompass all types of identities and the diverse meanings of identity that have been included in PEB research. What prior theory did allow for was to assess the distinction between two main types of identity, namely how people label, describe, and recognise oneself individually (individual identity), or as part of a group (group identity). Our overall goal was thus to assess the current state of knowledge on identities and PEBs. In 104 studies using a meta-regression following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, our random-effects meta-analysis showed that the overall concept of identity associated with PEB with a medium Pearson's r (Aim 1). Furthermore, we found that individual identities associated more strongly with PEBs than group identities (Aim 2). The associations between individual and group identities were stronger when the identity and PEB were from the same category (e.g., when both were group-focused; Aim 3). Methodologically, the findings revealed that group identities and group PEBs were most strongly associated for self-reported rather than observed PEBs (Aim 4). Overall identity associated most strongly with group PEBs in the field rather than in the lab (Aim 5) and in student- rather than non-student samples (Aim 6). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation, Alcohol Reduction, Diet and Physical Activity Interventions in Improving Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Louise Hayes ◽  
Catherine McParlin ◽  
Liane B Azevedo ◽  
Dan Jones ◽  
James Newham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analyses

Diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol behaviour-change interventions delivered in pregnancy aim to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review reports a synthesis of evidence from meta-analyses on the effectiveness of interventions at reducing risk of adverse health outcomes. Sixty-five systematic reviews (63 diet and physical activity; 2 smoking) reporting 602 meta-analyses, published since 2011, were identified; no data were identified for alcohol interventions. A wide range of outcomes were reported, including gestational weight gain, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes (GDM) and fetal growth. There was consistent evidence from diet and physical activity interventions for a significantly reduced mean gestational weight gain (ranging from −0.21 kg (95% confidence interval −0.34, −0.08) to −5.77 kg (95% CI −9.34, −2.21). There was evidence from larger diet and physical activity meta-analyses for a significant reduction in postnatal weight retention, caesarean delivery, preeclampsia, hypertension, GDM and preterm delivery, and for smoking interventions to significantly increase birth weight. There was no statistically significant evidence of interventions having an effect on low or high birthweight, neonatal intensive care unit admission, Apgar score or mortality outcomes. Priority areas for future research to capitalise on pregnancy as an opportunity to improve the lifelong wellbeing of women and their children are highlighted.

scholarly journals Efficiency of In-Store Interventions to Impact Customers to Purchase Healthier Food and Beverage Products in Real-Life Grocery Stores: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Helena Slapø ◽  
Alexander Schjøll ◽  
Børge Strømgren ◽  
Ingunn Sandaker ◽  
Samira Lekhal
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Behavior Interventions ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Meta Analyses

Grocery stores are important settings to promote healthier food and beverage choices. The present paper aims at reviewing the effectiveness of different types of in-store interventions and how they impact sales of different product category in real grocery stores. Systematic search was conducted in six databases. In-store interventions were categorized according to the framework by Kraak et al. (2017) into one or more of eight interventions (e.g., place, profile, portion, pricing, promotion, healthy default picks, prompting and proximity). This systematic theme-based review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) data screening and selection. Thirty-six studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 30 studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 72 combinations of in-store interventions. The analysis demonstrates that interventions overall had small significant effect size (ES) using Cohen’s d on food purchase behavior (d = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.09]), with largest ES for pricing (d = 0.21) and targeting fruits and vegetables (d = 0.28). Analysis of ES of in-store interventions show that pricing, and pricing combined with promotion and prompting, effectively impacted purchase behavior. Interventions significantly impacted both sales of healthy and unhealthy products and significantly increased sales of fruits and vegetables, healthy beverage and total volume of healthy products. Results should however be interpreted with some caution, given the relatively low quality of overall evidence and low number of studies and observations for some types of intervention. Further research exploring impact on different in-store interventions and targeting especially unhealthy products are needed.

Effects of bioceramic textiles used in physical activity or sport: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pérez-Soriano ◽  
Roberto Sanchis-Sanchis ◽  
Inmaculada Aparicio ◽  
Alfonso Martínez-Nova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose Performing physical activity and sports generates a wide range of physiological alterations and adaptations. Several different textiles can help to improve some of these processes. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature addressing the physiological effects of textiles with bioceramic materials in physical activity and sports. Design/methodology/approach A search was carried out in the scientific literature available in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and SportDiscus. In total, 295 records were identified through the database search; after removing duplicates and reading the title and abstract, only 4 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. These were thus included in the qualitative synthesis. Findings The use of bioceramic garments affects thermoregulation, helps to reduce body temperature during physical activity, provide better sweat evacuation and lower bacterial growth, improves performance, and facilitates recovery after exercise. Originality/value There are few scientific studies that analyse the use of bioceramic garments; however, it is difficult to demonstrate the validity of this type of garment. Therefore, future studies are necessary to analyse their suitability in this area.

scholarly journals Bridging the Gap After Physical Therapy: Clinical–Community Linkages With Older Adult Physical Activity Programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Fishleder ◽  
Miruna Petrescu-Prahova ◽  
Jeffrey R Harris ◽  
Lesley Steinman ◽  
Marlana Kohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Community Programs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Patient Risk ◽  
Clinical Community ◽  
Physical Activity Programs

Abstract Background and Objectives Many barriers exist to older adult participation in physical activity, despite known benefits. Referrals from physical therapists (PTs) through clinical–community linkages offer novel, promising opportunities to increase older adult engagement in appropriate community-based physical activity programs. We assessed the capacity of PTs to participate in such linkages. Research Design and Methods We collected qualitative data using semistructured phone interviews (n = 30) with PTs across 14 states. We conducted thematic analysis using a priori themes based on the 2008 Bridging Model of Etz and colleagues: capacity to assess patient risk, ability to provide brief counseling, capacity and ability to refer, and awareness of community resources. Results Risk assessment and counseling were already part of routine practice for our respondents, but counseling could be further facilitated if PTs had more skills to engage less-motivated patients. PTs expressed a desire to refer their patients to community programs; however, barriers to referrals included lack of knowledge of and trust in community programs, and limited infrastructure for communicating with potential partners. Discussion and Implications PTs have the capacity to develop patient referral linkages with community-based physical activity programs. PT session length and content facilitates patient risk assessment and behavioral counseling. Integrating motivational techniques can help PTs engage less-motivated patients in physical activity. Systemic improvements should include innovations in communication infrastructure, identifying clinic-level champions, and in-person outreach initiated by organizations that deliver community physical activity programs.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF GROUP WALKING IN PHYSICALLY HEALTHY PEOPLE TO PROMOTE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Meads ◽  
Josephine Exley
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Current Guidelines

Background: Walking is a good way to meet physical activity guidelines. We examined the effectiveness of walking in groups compared with walking alone or inactive controls in physically healthy adults on physical activity and quality of life. (PROSPERO CRD42016033752).Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Knowledge Science Citation Index, and Cochrane CENTRAL until March 2016, for any comparative studies, in physically healthy adults, of walking in groups compared with inactive controls or walking alone, reporting any measure of physical activity. We searched references from recent relevant systematic reviews. Two reviewers checked study eligibility and independently extracted data. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. Quality was assessed using likelihood of selection, performance, attrition, and detection biases. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3.Results: From 1,404 citations, 18 studies were included in qualitative synthesis and 10 in meta-analyses. Fourteen compared group walking to inactive controls and four to walking alone. Eight reported more than one measure of physical activity, none reported according to current guidelines. Group walking compared with inactive controls increased follow-up physical activity (9 randomized controlled trials, standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.58 [95 percent confidence interval {CI}, 0.34–0.82] to SMD 0.43 [95 percent CI, 0.20–0.66]). Compared with walking alone, studies were too few and too heterogeneous to conduct meta-analysis, but the trend was improved physical activity at follow-up for group walking participants. Seven (all inactive control) reported quality-of-life: five showed statistically significantly improved scores.Discussion: Better evidence may encourage government policy to promote walking in groups. Standardized physical activity outcomes need to be reported in research.

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