scholarly journals Energetics of Floor Gymnastics: Aerobic and Anaerobic Share in Male and Female Sub-elite Gymnasts

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kaufmann ◽  
Martin Ziegler ◽  
Jana Werner ◽  
Christine Noe ◽  
Richard Latzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Energy Share

Abstract Background Artistic gymnastics is a popular Olympic discipline where female athletes compete in four and male athletes in six events with floor exercise having the longest competition duration in Women’s and Men’s artistic gymnastics (WAG, MAG). To date no valid information on the energetics of floor gymnastics is available although this may be important for specific conditioning programming. This study evaluated the metabolic profile of a simulated floor competition in sub-elite gymnasts. Methods 17 (9 male, 8 female) sub-elite gymnasts aged 22.5 ± 2.6y took part in a floor-training-competition where oxygen uptake was measured during and until 15 min post-exercise. Additionally, resting and peak blood lactate concentration after exercise were obtained. The PCr-LA-O2 method was used to calculate the metabolic energy and the relative aerobic (WAER), anaerobic alactic (WPCr) and anaerobic lactic (WBLC) energy contribution. Further, the athletes completed a 30 s Bosco-jumping test, a countermovement jump and a drop jump. Results The competition scores were 9.2 (CI:8.9–9.3) in WAG and 10.6 (CI:10.4–10.9) in MAG. The metabolic profile of the floor routine was mainly aerobic (58.9%, CI: 56.0–61.8%) followed by the anaerobic alactic (24.2%, CI: 21.3–27.1%) and anaerobic lactic shares (16.9%, CI:14.9–18.8%). While sex had a significant (p = .010, d = 1.207) large effect on energy contribution, this was not the case for competition duration (p = .728, d = 0.061). Relative energy contribution of WAG and MAG differed in WAER (64.0 ± 4.7% vs. 54.4 ± 6.8%, p = .004, d = 1.739) but not in WPCr (21.3 ± 6.1% vs. 26.7 ± 8.0%, p = .144, d = 0.801) and WBLC (14.7 ± 5.4% vs. 18.9 ± 4.2%, p = .085, d = 0.954). Further no correlation between any energy share and performance was found but between WPCr and training experience (r = .680, p = .044) and WBLC and competition level (r = .668, p = .049). Conclusion The results show a predominant aerobic energy contribution and a considerable anaerobic contribution with no significant difference between anaerobic shares. Consequently, gymnastic specific aerobic training should not be neglected, while a different aerobic share in WAG and MAG strengthens sex-specific conditioning. All in all, the specific metabolic share must secure adequate energy provision, while relative proportions of the two anaerobic pathways seem to depend on training and competition history.

scholarly journals Lactate, Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Responses to Shorter and Longer Duration CrossFit® Training Sessions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramires Tibana ◽  
Nuno de Sousa ◽  
Jonato Prestes ◽  
Fabrício Voltarelli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to analyze blood lactate concentration (LAC), heart rate (HR), and rating perceived exertion (RPE) during and after shorter and longer duration CrossFit® sessions. Nine men (27.7 ± 3.2 years; 11.3 ± 4.6% body fat percentage and training experience: 41.1 ± 19.6 months) randomly performed two CrossFit® sessions (shorter: ~4 min and longer: 17 min) with a 7-day interval between them. The response of LAC and HR were measured pre, during, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the sessions. RPE was measured pre and immediately after sessions. Lactate levels were higher during the recovery of the shorter session as compared with the longer session (shorter: 15.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L/min, longer: 12.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L/min; p = 0.019). There were no significant differences between protocols on HR during (shorter: 176 ± 6 bpm or 91 ± 4% HRmax, longer: 174 ± 3 bpm or 90 ± 3% HRmax, p = 0.387). The LAC was significantly higher throughout the recovery period for both training sessions as compared to pre-exercise. The RPE was increased immediately after both sessions as compared to pre-exercise, while there was no significant difference between them (shorter: 8.7 ± 0.9, longer: 9.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.360). These results demonstrated that both shorter and longer sessions induced elevated cardiovascular responses which met the recommendations for gains in cardiovascular fitness. In addition, both training sessions had a high metabolic and perceptual response, which may not be suitable if performed on consecutive days.

Energetic Profile of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test in Junior Elite Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Latzel ◽  
Olaf Hoos ◽  
Sebastian Stier ◽  
Sebastian Kaufmann ◽  
Volker Fresz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Basketball Game ◽  
Energy Share

Purpose: To analyze the energetic profile of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test (BEST). Methods: Ten male elite junior basketball players (age 15.5 [0.6] y, height 180 [9] cm, and body mass 66.1 [11.2] kg) performed a modified BEST (20 circuits consisting of jumping, sprinting, jogging, shuffling, and short breaks) simulating professional basketball game play. Circuit time, sprint time, sprint decrement, oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate, and blood lactate concentration (blc) were obtained. Metabolic energy and metabolic power above rest (Wtot and Ptot), as well as energy share in terms of aerobic (Waer), glycolytic (Wblc), and high-energy phosphates (WPCr), were calculated from VO2 during exercise, net lactate production, and the fast component of postexercise VO2 kinetics, respectively. Results: Waer, Wblc, and WPCr reflect 89% (2%), 5% (1%), and 6% (1%) of total energy needed, respectively. Assuming an aerobic replenishment of PCr energy stores during short breaks, the adjusted energy share yielded Waer 66% (4%), Wblc 5% (1%), and WPCr 29% (1%). Waer and WPCr were negatively correlated (−0.72 and −0.59) with sprint time, which was not the case for Wblc. Conclusions: Consistent with general findings on energy system interaction during repeated high-intensity exercise bouts, the intermittent profile of the BEST relies primarily on aerobic energy combined with repetitive supplementation by anaerobic utilization of high-energy phosphates.

scholarly journals Does caffeine supplementation alter energy contribution during a work-based ~30 min cycling time-trial?

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-481
Author(s):  
Gabriel Barreto ◽  
Rafael Pires da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Yamaguchi ◽  
Luana Farias de Oliveira ◽  
Vitor de Salles Painelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Time

Caffeine has been shown to increase anaerobic energy contribution during short-duration cycling time-trials (TT) though no information exists on whether caffeine alters energy contribution during more prolonged, aerobic type TTs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of caffeine supplementation on longer and predominantly aerobic exercise. Fifteen recreationally-trained male cyclists (age 38±8 y, height 1.76±0.07 m, body mass 72.9±7.7 kg) performed a ~30 min cycling TT following either 6 mg·kg-1BM caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA) supplementation, and one control (CON) session without supplementation, in a double- -blind, randomised, counterbalance and cross-over design. Mean power output (MPO) was recorded as the outcome measure. Respiratory values were measured throughout exercise for the determination of energy system contribution. Data were analysed using mixed-models. CAF improved mean MPO compared to CON (P=0.01), and a trend towards an improvement compared to PLA (P=0.07); there was no difference in MPO at any timepoint throughout the exercise between conditions. There was a main effect of Condition (P=0.04) and Time (P<0.0001) on blood lactate concentration, which tended to be higher in CAF vs. both PLA and CON (Condition effect, both P=0.07). Ratings of perceived exertion increased over time (P<0.0001), with no effect of Condition or interaction (both P>0.05). Glycolytic energy contribution was increased in CAF compared to CON and PLA (both P<0.05), but not aerobic or ATP-CP (both P>0.05). CAF improved aerobic TT performance compared to CON, which could be explained by increased glycolytic energy contribution.

scholarly journals Physiological and Competitive Characteristics of Professional Female Futsal Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Tommy Apriantono ◽  
Samsul Bahri ◽  
Sri Ihsani Indah ◽  
Bagus Winata
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Training Team

The study purpose was to examine the anaerobic and aerobic performance and also determine the influence of the anaerobic performance on specific movements during a match-play.   Materials and methods. A total of 12 Indonesian professional female players from Bandung district female futsal club were recruited and enrolled to participate in this study. They were required to complete one familiarization and two experimental sessions. During the first session (laboratory test), all players performed a treadmill test to ascertain their maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) and a running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) to measure their anaerobic performance. For the second session (on-court test), the participants played a simulated match on the court. A training team of 5 experts carried out an investigation regarding each player’s competitive performance per match. Furthermore, the blood lactate concentration and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were assessed in the pre- and post-test for both sessions, which were separated by a week to enable the players to recover. Results. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean power (MP) and fatigue index (FI) (p = 0.425, p = 0.938, respectively) for anaerobic performance using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), although, the MP and FI of team C was lower compared to A and B. Furthermore, the total number of failed passes and shot off target of team C was larger compared to B and A (for failed passes = 30 vs 20 vs 25, for shot off target 14 vs 13 vs 8).  Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that there are strong associations between anaerobic capacity and explosive movements (shooting, tackling, heading and passing) among female futsal players.

Predicting Lactate Threshold With Rate of Perceived Exertion in Young Competitive Male Swimmers

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110052
Author(s):  
Jhonny K. F. da Silva ◽  
Bruna B. Sotomaior ◽  
Carolina F. Carneiro ◽  
Patrick Rodrigues ◽  
Lee Wharton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Rate Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximal Deviation ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the rate of perceived exertion threshold (RPET) for predicting young competitive swimmers’ lactate threshold (LT) during incremental testing. We enrolled 13 male athletes ( M age = 16, SD = 0.6 years) in an incremental test protocol consisting of eight repetitions of a 100-meter crawl with 2-minute intervals between each repetition. We collected data for blood lactate concentration ([La]) and Borg scale rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at the end of each repetition. The results obtained were: M RPET = 4.98, SD = 1.12 arbitrary units (A.U.) and M lactate threshold = 4.24, SD = 1.12 mmol.L−1, with [La] and RPE identified by the maximal deviation (Dmax) method without a significant difference ( p > 0.05) and large correlations between DmaxLa and DmaxRPE at variables for time (r = 0.64), velocity (r = 0.67) and percentage of personal best time (PB) (r = 0.60). These results suggest that RPET is a good predictor of LT in young competitive swimmers.

Influence of acetaminophen on performance during time trial cycling

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Mauger ◽  
Andrew M. Jones ◽  
Craig A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Condition B

To establish whether acetaminophen improves performance of self-paced exercise through the reduction of perceived pain, 13 trained male cyclists performed a self-paced 10-mile (16.1 km) cycle time trial (TT) following the ingestion of either acetaminophen (ACT) or a placebo (PLA), administered in randomized double-blind design. TT were completed in a significantly faster time ( t12 = 2.55, P < 0.05) under the ACT condition (26 min 15 s ± 1 min 36 s vs. 26 min 45 s ± 2 min 2 s). Power output (PO) was higher during the middle section of the TT in the ACT condition, resulting in a higher mean PO ( P < 0.05) (265 ± 12 vs. 255 ± 15 W). Blood lactate concentration (B[La]) and heart rate (HR) were higher in the ACT condition (B[La] = 6.1 ± 2.9 mmol/l; HR = 87 ± 7%max) than in the PLA condition (B[La] = 5.1 ± 2.6 mmol/l; HR = 84 ± 9%max) ( P < 0.05). No significant difference in rating of perceived exertion (ACT = 15.5 ± 0.2; PLA = 15.7 ± 0.2) or perceived pain (ACT = 5.6 ± 0.2; PLA = 5.5 ± 0.2) ( P > 0.05) was observed. Using acetaminophen, participants cycled at a higher mean PO, with an increased HR and B[La], but without changes in perceived pain or exertion. Consequently, completion time was significantly faster. These findings support the notion that exercise is regulated by pain perception, and increased pain tolerance can improve exercise capacity.

scholarly journals Lactate Clearance as a Predictive Marker of Mortality in Adult Intensive Care Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Shirish Raj Joshi ◽  
Renu Gurung ◽  
Subhash Prasad Acharya ◽  
Bashu Dev Parajuli ◽  
Navindra Raj Bista
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Icu Mortality ◽  
Adult Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Lactate clearance has been widely investigated. Serial lactate concentrations can be used to examine disease severity and predict mortality in the intensive care unit. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of lactate concentration and lactate clearance in predicting mortality in critically ill patients during the first 24 hours in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Methods: It was a Prospective, observational study conducted in ICU. Sixty eight consecutive patients having blood lactate level >2 mmol/L were included irrespective of disease and postoperative status. We measured blood lactate concentration at ICU admission(H0), at six hours(H6), 12 hours(H12), and 24 hours(H24). Lactate clearance was measured for H0-H6, H0-H12 and H0-H24 time period.Results: ICU mortality was 33.8%. Lactate clearance was 15.80 ± 17.21% in survivors and 1.73±11% in non survivors for the H0-H6 (p = 0.001) and remained higher in survivors than in non survivors over the study period of 24 hours; 17.97±15 vs. -2.04±19.84% for H0-H12 and 27.40 ± 11.41% vs. -14.83 ± 26.84% for the H0-H24 period (p < 0.001 for each studied period). There was significant difference in lactate concentration (static) between survivors and non survivors during the course of initial 24 hours. The best predictor of ICU mortality was lactate clearance for the H0-H24 period (AUC =0.89; 95% CI 0.78-1.01). Logistic regression found that H0-H24 lactate clearance was independently correlated to a survival status (p = 0.005, OR = 0.922 and 95% CI 0.871-0.976).Conclusion: Blood lactate concentration and lactate clearance are both predictive for mortality during initial 24 hours of ICU admission.

scholarly journals La privación de sueño no afecta la resistencia aeróbica ni la concentración de lactato en sangre de jóvenes deportistas (Sleep deprivation does not affect aerobic resistance or blood lactate concentration of young athletes)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 221-223
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Aburto Corona ◽  
Tatiana Miranda Núñez ◽  
Alicia Bárcenas Ugalde ◽  
Roberto Espinoza Gutiérrez ◽  
Emilio Manuel Arrayales Millán
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Significant Difference

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la resistencia aeróbica y la concentración de lactato en sangre, pueden ser influenciados por la privación parcial o total del sueño en un grupo de deportistas. Se reclutaron 13 deportistas masculinos (21.8 ± 2.9 años de edad) los cuales fueron sometidos a tres condiciones experimentales: dormir cuatro horas (D4H), no dormir (0H) y una condición contol de dormir ocho horas (D8H). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la resistencia aeróbica (p=.845). De la misma manera, no se halló diferencia significativa en la concentración de lactato en sangre (p>.05). Estos resultados señalan que la privación parcial (dormir cuatro horas) o total (no dormir) del sueño, previo a una prueba física, no es un factor que influya en el rendimiento aeróbico ni en la concentración de lactato en sangre en comparación a la cantidad de horas de sueño recomendadas (dormir ocho horas).Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determinate if aerobic performance and blood lactate concentration are influenced by partial or total sleep deprivation. Thirteen male athletes (age: 21.8 ± 2.9 y.o) were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: sleep four hours (D4H), no sleep (0H), and sleep eigth hours (D8H, control group). No significant difference was found in the aerobic performance (p=.845). Similarly, there was no sifnificant difference in blood lactate concentration (p>.05). This results suggest that partial (sleep four hours) or total (no sleep) sleep deprivation before a physical test are not a factor influencing aerobic performance or blood lactate concentration compared to the amount of recommended hours of sleep (sleep eight hours).

The Metabolic Relevance of Type of Locomotion in Anaerobic Testing: Bosco Continuous Jumping Test Versus Wingate Anaerobic Test of the Same Duration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kaufmann ◽  
Olaf Hoos ◽  
Aaron Beck ◽  
Fabian Fueller ◽  
Richard Latzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Jumping Test ◽  
Anaerobic Testing ◽  
Anaerobic Test

Purpose: To evaluate the metabolic relevance of type of locomotion in anaerobic testing by analyzing and comparing the metabolic profile of the Bosco Continuous Jumping Test (CJ30) with the corresponding profile of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Methods: A total of 11 well-trained, male team-sport athletes (age = 23.7 [2.2] y, height = 184.1 [2.8] cm, weight = 82.4 [6.4] kg) completed a CJ30 and WAnT each. During the WAnT, power data and revolutions per minute were recorded, and during the CJ30, jump height and jumping frequency were recorded. In addition, oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentration were assessed, and metabolic profiles were determined via the PCr-LA-O2 method. Results: In the CJ30, metabolic energy was lower (109.3 [18.0] vs 143.0 [13.1] kJ, P < .001, d = −2.302), while peak power (24.8 [4.4] vs 11.8 [0.5] W·kg−1, P < .001, d = 3.59) and mean power (20.8 [3.6] vs 9.1 [0.5] W·kg−1, P < .001, d = 4.14) were higher than in the WAnT. The metabolic profiles of the CJ30 (aerobic energy = 20.00% [4.7%], anaerobic alactic energy [WPCr] = 45.6% [4.5%], anaerobic lactic energy = 34.4% [5.2%]) and the WAnT (aerobic energy = 16.0% [3.0%], anaerobic alactic WPCr = 34.5% [5.0%], anaerobic lactic energy = 49.5% [3.3%]) are highly anaerobic. Absolute energy contribution for the CJ30 and WAnT was equal in WPCr (49.9 [11.1] vs 50.2 [11.2] kJ), but anaerobic lactic energy (37.7 [7.7] vs 69.9 [5.3] kJ) and aerobic energy (20.6 [5.7] vs 23.0 [4.0] kJ) were higher in the WAnT. Mechanical efficiency was substantially higher in the CJ30 (37.9% [4.5%] vs 15.6% [1.0%], P < .001, d = 6.86), while the fatigue index was lower (18.5% [3.8%] vs 23.2% [3.1%], P < .001, d = −1.38) than in the WAnT. Conclusions: Although the anaerobic share in both tests is similar and predominant, the CJ30 primarily taxes the WPCr system, while the WAnT more strongly relies on the glycolytic pathway. Thus, the 2 tests should not be used interchangeably, and the type of locomotion seems crucial when choosing an anaerobic test for a specific sport.

scholarly journals Effect of sub-technique transitions on energy expenditure and physiological load in the classical-style technique among elite male cross-country skiers

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 3201-3209
Author(s):  
Tomas Carlsson ◽  
Lars Wedholm ◽  
Wilma Fjordell ◽  
Mikael Swarén ◽  
Magnus Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Classical Style ◽  
Continuous Use

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether sub-technique transitions in the classical-style technique are associated with increased energy expenditure and/or metabolic stress among elite male cross-country skiers. Methods Fifteen elite male skiers completed three 10-min treadmill roller-skiing tests, each of which consisted of 5 min using the diagonal-stride technique (DS) and 5 min using the double-poling technique (DP), combined in three various modes all ensuring comparable mechanical workload, at an inclination of 2.5° and a speed of 13 km/h. In the first and third tests, the participants used 5 min continuous DS followed by 5 min continuous DP, or vice versa (no transition (NT) test), whereas in the second test, they made transitions between DS and DP every 6 s (repeated transition (RT) test). The last 3 min of each 5-min stage was used to calculate the mean values of oxygen uptake ($${\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{{2}}$$ V ˙ O 2 ), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), metabolic rate (MR), mechanical work rate (MWR), and gross efficiency (GE). In addition, the pre–post-difference in blood lactate concentration (Ladiff) was determined for each test. Paired-samples t tests were used to investigate differences between tests. Results There were no significant differences between NT and RT tests regarding V̇O2, MR, MWR, or GE. Conversely, significant differences were found in RER and Ladiff, where the NT test was associated with higher RER and Ladiff values. Conclusions Roller skiing with repeated sub-technique transitions is not associated with an additional aerobic energy contribution; instead, the anaerobic energy contribution was lower compared to that under continuous use of DS and DP.

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