scholarly journals Differences in gene expression and variable splicing events of ovaries between large and small litter size in Chinese Xiang pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqin Ran ◽  
Fengbin Hu ◽  
Ning Mao ◽  
Yiqi Ruan ◽  
Fanli Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Steroid Biosynthesis ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Large Litter ◽  
Small Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Capability

Abstract Background Although lots of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes present roles in litter size of some breeds, the information might not make it clear for the huge diversity of reproductive capability in pig breeds. To elucidate the inherent mechanisms of heterogeneity of reproductive capability in litter size of Xiang pig, we performed transcriptome analysis for the expression profile in ovaries using RNA-seq method. Results We identified 1,419 up-regulated and 1,376 down-regulated genes in Xiang pigs with large litter size. Among them, 1,010 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were differently spliced between two groups with large or small litter sizes. Based on GO and KEGG analysis, numerous members of genes were gathered in ovarian steroidogenesis, steroid biosynthesis, oocyte maturation and reproduction processes. Conclusions Combined with gene biological function, twelve genes were found out that might be related with the reproductive capability of Xiang pig, of which, eleven genes were recognized as hub genes. These genes may play a role in promoting litter size by elevating steroid and peptide hormones supply through the ovary and facilitating the processes of ovulation and in vivo fertilization.

scholarly journals Low fertility in vivo resulting from female factors causes small litter size in 129 inbred mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Hino ◽  
Kanako Oda ◽  
Kenji Nakamura ◽  
Yutaka Toyoda ◽  
Minesuke Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Small Litter Size

scholarly journals Changes in Ovary Transcriptome and Alternative splicing at estrus from Xiang pigs with Large and Small Litter Size

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuping Zhang ◽  
Liangting Tang ◽  
Xueqin Ran ◽  
Ning Mao ◽  
Yiqi Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Small Litter Size

AbstractBackground/AimsLitter size is one of the most important reproductive traits in pig breeding, which is affected by multiple genes and the environment. Ovaries are the most important reproductive organs and have a profound impact on the reproduction efficiency. Therefore, genetic differences in the ovaries may contribute to the observed differences in litter size. Although QTLs and candidate genes have been reported to affect the litter size in many pig breeds, however, the findings cannot elucidate the marked differences of the reproductive traits between breeds. The aim of present work is to elucidate the mechanisms of the differences for the reproductive traits and identify candidate genes associated with litter size in Xiang pig breed.MethodsThe changes in ovary transcriptome and alternative splicing were investigated at estrus between Xiang pigs with large and small litter size by RNA-seq technology. The RNA-seq results were confirmed by RT-qPCR method.ResultsWe detected 16,219 - 16,285 expressed genes and 12 types of alternative splicing (AS) events in Xiang pig samples. A total of 762 differentially expressed genes were identified by XL (Xiang pig group with larger litter size) vs XS (Xiang pig group with small litter size) sample comparisons. A total of 34 genes were upregulated and 728 genes were downregulated in XL ovary samples compared with the XS samples. Alternative splicing (AS) rates in XL samples were slightly lower than that observed in XS samples. Most of differentially expressed genes were differentially regulated on AS level. Eleven candidate genes were potentially identified to be related to Xiang pig fecundity and litter size, which may be closely related to the gonad development, oocyte maturation or embryo quality.ConclusionThe significant changes in the expression of the protein-coding genes and the level of alternative splicing in estrus ovarian transcriptome between XL and XS groups probably are the molecular mechanisms of phenotypic variation in litter size.

scholarly journals High laboratory mouse pre-weaning mortality associated with litter overlap, advanced mother age, small and large litters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Munhoz Morello ◽  
Jan Hultgren ◽  
Sara Capas-Peneda ◽  
Marc Whiltshire ◽  
Aurelie Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Laboratory Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Large Litter ◽  
Small Litter Size ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Pup Mortality ◽  
Older Siblings

AbstractHigh and variable pre-weaning mortality is a persistent problem among the main mouse strains used in biomedical research. If a modest 15% mortality rate is assumed across all mouse strains used in the EU, approximately 1 million more pups must be produced yearly to compensate for those which die. A few environmental and social factors have been identified as affecting pup mortality, but optimizing these factors does not cease the problem. This study is the first large study to mine data records from 219,975 pups from two breeding facilities to determine the major risk factors associated with mouse pre-weaning mortality. It was hypothesized that litter overlap (i.e. the presence of older siblings in the cage when new pups are born), a recurrent social configuration in trio-housed mice, is associated with increased newborn mortality, along with high mother age, large litter size, as well as a high number and age of older siblings in the cage. The estimated probability of pup death was two to seven percentage points higher in cages with compared to those without litter overlap. Litter overlap was associated with an increase in percentage of litter losses of 19% and 103%, respectively, in the two breeding facilities. Increased number and age of older siblings, high mother age, small litter size (less than four pups born) and large litter size (over 11 pups born) were associated with increased probability of pup death. Results suggest that common social cage configurations at breeding facilities are dangerous for the survivability of young mouse pups. The underlying mechanisms and strategies to avoid these situations should be further investigated.

scholarly journals AC093797.1 as a Potential Biomarker to Indicate the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration by Reprogramming Cell Metabolism and Extracellular Matrix Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Liu ◽  
Chenyu Wang ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Yue Yuan ◽  
Yunjian Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
And Migration

Purpose: The risk signature composed of four lncRNA (AC093797.1, POLR2J4, AL121748.1, and AL162231.4.) can be used to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical significance and biological function of AC093797.1 are still unexplored in HCC or other malignant tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological function of AC093797.1 in HCC and screen the candidate hub genes and pathways related to hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods: RT-qPCR was employed to detect AC093797.1 in HCC tissues and cell lines. The role of AC093797.1 in HCC was evaluated via the cell-counting kit-8, transwell, and wound healing assays. The effects of AC093797.1 on tumor growth in vivo were clarified by nude mice tumor formation experiments. Then, RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis based on subcutaneous tumor tissue was performed to identify the hub genes and pathways associated with HCC.Results: The expression of AC093797.1 decreased in HCC tissues and cell lines, and patients with low expressed AC093797.1 had poor overall survival (OS). AC093797.1 overexpression impeded HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Compared with the control group, 710 differentially expressed genes (243 upregulated genes and 467 downregulated genes) were filtered via RNA-sequencing, which mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism, extracellular matrix structure constituents, cell adhesion molecules cams, signaling to Ras, and signaling to ERKs.Conclusion: AC093797.1 may inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in HCC by reprograming cell metabolism or regulating several pathways, suggesting that AC093797.1 might be a potential therapeutic and prognostic marker for HCC patients.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNA LINC00152 regulates cell proliferation and migration by epigenetically repressing LRIG1 expression in cholangiocarcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Wang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Boming Xu ◽  
Chunmei Zhang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Abstract Background: Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been verified to have significant regulatory roles in multiple human cancer processes. Long non-coding RNA LINC00152, located on chromosome 2p11.2, was identified as an oncogenic lncRNA in various cancers. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of LINC00152 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are still unknown.Methods: Bioinformatic analysis was performed to determine LINC00152 expression levels in the CCA and normal tissues by using raw microarray data downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE76297) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate LINC00152 expression in the CCA tissues compared with that in the paired normal tissues. CCK8, colony formation, Edu assays, transwell assays, flow cytometry, and in vivo tumor formation assays were performed to investigate the biological function of LINC00152 on CCA cell phenotypes. RNA-seq was carried out to identify the downstream target gene which was further examined by qRT-PCR, western bolt and rescue experiments. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to reveal the factors involved in the mechanism of LINC00152 functions in CCA.Results: LINC00152 is significantly upregulated in cholangiocarcinoma. LINC00152 regulated the proliferation and migration of cholangiocarcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq revealed that LINC00152 knockdown preferentially affected genes linked with cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell adhesion. Furthermore, mechanistic investigation validated that LINC00152 could bind EZH2 and modulate the histone methylation of promoter of leucine rich repeats and immunoglobulin like domains 1 (LRIG1), thereby affecting cholangiocarcinoma cells growth and migration.Conclusion: Taken together, these results demonstrated the significant roles of LINC00152 in cholangiocarcinoma and suggested a new diagnostic and therapeutic direction of cholangiocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Convergences in the diversification of bats

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brock Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
High Duty Cycle ◽  
Small Litter Size ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Nasal Emission

Abstract Twenty-five characters or suites of characters from bats are considered in light of changes in bat classification. The characters include some associated with flower-visiting (two), echolocation (12), roosting (six), reproduction (two) and three are of unknown adaptive function. In both the 1998 and 2006 classifications of bats into suborders (Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera versus Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera, respectively), some convergences between suborders are the same (e.g., foliage roosting, tent building), but others associated with echolocation differ substantially. In the 1998 phylogeny convergences associated with echolocation (high duty cycle echolocation, nasal emission of echolocation calls) occurred among the Microchiroptera. In the 2006 phylogeny, they occur between Yinpterochiroptera and Yangochiroptera. While some traits apparently arose independently in two suborders (e.g., foliage-roosting, tent building, low intensity echolocation calls, noseleafs, nasal emission of echolocation calls, high duty cycle echolocation behaviour), others appear to have been ancestral (roosting in narrow spaces, laryngeal echolocation, stylohyal-tympanic contact, oral emission of echolocation calls, and small litter size). A narrow profile through the chest is typical of bats reflecting the thoracic skeleton. This feature suggests that the ancestors of bats spent the day in small crevices. Features associated with laryngeal echolocation appear to be ancestral, suggesting that echolocation evolved early in bats but was subsequently lost in one yinpterochiropteran lineage.

The presence of teh cervical and thoracic thymus lobes in marsupials

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Neck Muscles ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Small Litter Size ◽  
Marsupial Species

Thymus lobes, in 93 marsupial species studied, were found in two different topographical locations: the thoracic cavity (thoracic thymus), the ventral cervical region, superficial to hyoid, sternomastoid, and depressor neck muscles and just beneath the skin (superficial cervical thymus), or in both places. All polyprotodont species examined (42 examples from Didelphidae, Dasyuridae, Thylacinidae, Notoryctidae, Peramelidae, and Caenolestidae) had two to four lobed thoracic thymus and no superficial cervical thymus. Species examined from the diprotodont Burramyidae, Petauridae, Phalangeridae, Phascolarctidae, and Tarsipedidae (17 species) and Macropodidae (32 species) had both a thoracic thymus with two to four lobes, and a pair of superficial cervical thymus lobes. Both of the two genera in the diprotodont Vombatidae, Lasiovhinus and Vombatus, had a cervical thymus; no thoracic thymus was seen in the latter but the former had specimens with and without it. The presence of superficial cervical thymus lobes in only the superfamily Phalangeroidea is discussed with particular reference to herbivorous diet, small litter size, and immunological development of pouch young.

scholarly journals Effects of litter size and subsequent gold-thioglucose-induced obesity on adipose tissue weight, distribution and cellularity in male and female mice: an age study

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Roberts ◽  
Frances M. Whittington ◽  
Michael Enser
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Gold Thioglucose ◽  
Large Litter

1. Over- or undernutrition of newborn mice was caused by suckling in litters consisting initially of four or eighteen pups. After weaning mice were fed ad lib. At 13 weeks of age some mice from large litters received gold thioglucose (GTG: 600 mg/kg intraperitoneally) to induce hyperphagia, and mice were killed at 13, 19·5, 26, 39 and 52 weeks.2. Total carcass lipid and the size and number of adipocytes in the inguinal subcutaneous, genital, perirenal and mesenteric depots were determined.3. Mice, both male and female, raised in small litters were heavier and had more carcass fat at all ages than mice raised in large litters. After GTG-treatment mice from large litters were heavier and fatter than mice raised in small litters.4. Fat distribution between the depots was related to carcass lipid content and not to treatment. The order of depot development was subcutaneous, parametrial, perirenal and mesenteric in females and epididymal, subcutaneous, perirenal and mesenteric in males. At 13 weeks the depots in males were more developed than those in females.5. Litter size had no effect on adipocyte volume in female mice at 13 weeks but by 52 weeks small-litter mice had larger cells in all depots and more cells in the parametrial and perirenal depots.6. Male mice from small litters had bigger cells at 13 weeks in all depots compared with males from large litters but by 52 weeks no significant differences remained. Greater numbers of cells were present only in the perirenal and mesenteric depots of small-litter males at some ages.7. Depots of GTG-treated large-litter female mice had larger cells than those of small-litter females, while a similar number of cells was found by 52 weeks in all but the perirenal depot, which had significantly more cells.8. GTG treatment of male mice from large litters also caused bigger cells than in small-litter mice, and an increased depot cell number at earlier ages in all but the epididymal depot. By 52 weeks cell numbers were similar in depots from small-litter and GTG-treated large-litter mice, except for the epididymal depot from the latter which had fewer cells.9. Increases in cell numbers with age in different depots occurred independently of existing cell mean volume and even of tissue growth, suggesting the presence of an in-built chronology, at least in older mice.10. We suppose that the differences in response to the level of preweaning nutrition in males and females result from a greater effect on the hypothalamic appetite centre in the latter. Whereas the cellular changes in large-litter males occur in the late-developing depots and are reversed naturally with time, those in the large-litter females are more extensive and require induction of hyperphagia for reversal.

Embryonic Loss in Sows with Repeated Propensity for Small Litter Size

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Geisert ◽  
S Sasakia ◽  
AC Clutter
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Small Litter Size ◽  
Embryonic Loss
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