Chitin-fibroin-hydroxyapatite membrane for guided bone regeneration: micro-computed tomography evaluation in a rat model

Osteochondral scaffold technology has emerged as a promising therapy for repairing osteochondral defects. Recent research suggests that seeding osteochondral scaffolds with bone marrow concentrate (BMC) may enhance tissue regeneration. To examine this hypothesis, this study examined subchondral bone regeneration in scaffolds with and without BMC. Ovine stifle condyle models were used for the in vivo study. Two scaffold systems (8 mm diameter and 10 mm thick) with and without BMC were implanted into the femoral condyle, and the tissues were retrieved after six months. The retrieved femoral condyles (with scaffold in) were examined using micro-computed tomography scans (micro-CT), and the micro-CT data were further analysed by ImageJ with respect to trabecular thickness, bone volume to total volume ratio (BV/TV) ratio, and degree of anisotropy of bone. Statistical analysis compared bone regeneration between scaffold groups and sub-set regions. These results were mostly insignificant (p < 0.05), with the exception of bone volume to total volume ratio when comparing scaffold composition and sub-set region. Additional trends in the data were observed. These results suggest that the scaffold composition and addition of BMC did not significantly affect bone regeneration in osteochondral defects after six months. However, this research provides data which may guide the development of future treatments.

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3D-printed Poly-Lactic Co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) scaffolds in non-critical bone defects impede bone regeneration in rabbit tibia bone

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering ◽

10.3233/bme-216017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jin Xi Lim ◽

Min He ◽

Alphonsus Khin Sze Chong

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Defect ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Control Group ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Rabbit Tibia ◽

3D Printed ◽

Critical Bone Defects

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of bone graft materials are commercially available and vary in their composition, mechanism of action, costs, and indications. OBJECTIVE: A commercially available PLGA scaffold produced using 3D printing technology has been used to promote the preservation of the alveolar socket after tooth extraction. We examined its influence on bone regeneration in long bones of New Zealand White rabbits. METHODS: 5.0-mm-diameter circular defects were created on the tibia bones of eight rabbits. Two groups were studied: (1) control group, in which the bone defects were left empty; (2) scaffold group, in which the PLGA scaffolds were implanted into the bone defect. Radiography was performed every two weeks postoperatively. After sacrifice, bone specimens were isolated and examined by micro-computed tomography and histology. RESULTS: Scaffolds were not degraded by eight weeks after surgery. Micro-computed tomography and histology showed that in the region of bone defects that was occupied by scaffolds, bone regeneration was compromised and the total bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV) was significantly lower. CONCLUSION: The implantation of this scaffold impedes bone regeneration in a non-critical bone defect. Implantation of bone scaffolds, if unnecessary, lead to a slower rate of fracture healing.

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Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis on Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Bovine Teeth Scaffold Composites for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.52.86 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 86-96

Author(s):

Desi Sandra Sari ◽

Fourier Dzar Eljabbar Latief ◽

Ferdiansyah ◽

Ketut Sudiana ◽

Fedik Abdul Rantam

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Significant Difference

The tissue engineering approach for periodontal tissue regeneration using a combination of stem cells and scaffold has been vastly developed. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) seeded with Bovine Teeth Scaffold (BTSc) can repair alveolar bone damage in periodontitis cases. The alveolar bone regeneration process was analyzed by micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) to observe the structure of bone growth and to visualize the scaffold in 3-Dimensional (3D). The purpose of this study is to analyze alveolar bone regeneration by µ-CT following the combination of MSCs and bovine teeth scaffold (MSCs-BTSc) implantation in the Wistar rat periodontitis model. Methods. MSCs were cultured from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells of rats. BTSc was taken from bovine teeth and freeze-dried with a particle size of 150-355 µm. MSCs were seeded on BTSc for 24 hours and transplanted in a rat model of periodontitis. Thirty-five Wistar rats were made as periodontitis models with LPS induction from P. gingivalis injected to the buccal section of interproximal gingiva between the first and the second mandibular right-molar teeth for six weeks. There were seven groups (control group, BTSc group on day 7, BTSc group on day 14, BTSc group on day 28, MSCs-BTSc group on day 7, MSCs-BTSc group on day 14, MSCs-BTSc group on day 28). The mandibular alveolar bone was analyzed and visualized in 3D with µ-CT to observe any new bone growth. Statistical Analysis. Group data were subjected to the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney (p <0.05). The µ-CT qualitative analysis shows a fibrous structure, which indicates the existence of new bone regeneration. Quantitative analysis of the periodontitis model showed a significant difference between the control model and the model with the alveolar bone resorption (p <0.05). The bone volume and density measurements revealed that the MSCs-BTSc group on day 28 formed new bone compared to other groups (p <0.05). Administration of MSCs-BTSc combination has the potential to form new alveolar bone.

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Demineralized bone matrix-based microcarrier scaffold favors vascularized large bone regeneration in vivo in a rat model

Journal of Biomaterials Applications ◽

10.1177/0885328218784370 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 182-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qiannan Li ◽

Wenjie Zhang ◽

Guangdong Zhou ◽

Yilin Cao ◽

Wei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Matrix Group ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Demineralized Bone

Insufficient neo-vascularization of in vivo implanted cell-seeded scaffold remains a major bottleneck for clinical translation of engineered bone formation. Demineralized bone matrix is an ideal bone scaffold for bone engineering due to its structural and biochemical components similar to those of native bone. We hypothesized that the microcarrier form of demineralized bone matrix favors ingrowth of vessels and bone regeneration upon in vivo implantation. In this study, a rat model of femoral vessel pedicle-based bone engineering was employed by filling the demineralized bone matrix scaffolds inside a silicone chamber that surrounded the vessel pedicles, and to compare the efficiency of vascularized bone regeneration between microcarrier demineralized bone matrix and block demineralized bone matrix. The results showed that bone marrow stem cells better adhered to microcarrier demineralized bone matrix and produced more extracellular matrices during in vitro culture. After in vivo implantation, microcarrier demineralized bone matrix seeded with bone marrow stem cells formed relatively more bone tissue than block demineralized bone matrix counterpart at three months upon histological examination. Furthermore, micro-computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction showed that microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group regenerate significantly better and more bone tissues than block demineralized bone matrix both qualitatively and quantitatively (p < 0.05). Moreover, micro-computed tomography reconstructed angiographic images also demonstrated significantly enhanced tissue vascularization in microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group than in block demineralized bone matrix group both qualitatively and quantitatively (p < 0.05). Anti-CD31 immunohistochemical staining of (micro-) vessels and semi-quantitative analysis also evidenced enhanced vascularization of regenerated bone in microcarrier demineralized bone matrix group than in block demineralized bone matrix group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the microcarrier form of demineralized bone matrix is an ideal bone regenerative scaffold due to its advantages of osteoinductivity and vascular induction, two essentials for in vivo bone regeneration.

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Using Micro-Computed Tomography to Evaluate the Dynamics of Orthodontically Induced Root Resorption Repair in a Rat Model

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0150135 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e0150135 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Xiaolin Xu ◽

Jianping Zhou ◽

Fengxue Yang ◽

Shicheng Wei ◽

Hongwei Dai

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Rat Model ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Micro Computed Tomography

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Effects of daidzein on alveolar bone loss and internal microstructures of bone in a rat model of experimental periodontitis: a study using micro-computed tomography

Journal of Periodontal Research ◽

10.1111/jre.12304 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 250-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. H. Bae ◽

M. H. Ha ◽

E.-Y. Choi ◽

J.-I. Choi ◽

I. S. Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Rat Model ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Experimental Periodontitis

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Evaluation of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide Cross-Linked Collagen Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration in Beagle Dogs

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13204599 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 4599

Author(s):

Jong-Ju Ahn ◽

Hyung-Joon Kim ◽

Eun-Bin Bae ◽

Won-Tak Cho ◽

YunJeong Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Enzymatic Degradation ◽

Test Group ◽

Guided Bone Regeneration ◽

Control Group ◽

Collagen Membrane ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Collagen Membranes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration efficacy of an 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-cross-linked collagen membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR). A non-cross-linked collagen membrane (Control group), and an EDC-cross-linked collagen membrane (Test group) were used in this study. In vitro, mechanical, and degradation testing and cell studies were performed. In the animal study, 36 artificial bone defects were formed in the mandibles of six beagles. Implants were inserted at the time of bone grafting, and membranes were assigned randomly. Eight weeks later, animals were sacrificed, micro-computed tomography was performed, and hematoxylin-eosin stained specimens were prepared. Physical properties (tensile strength and enzymatic degradation rate) were better in the Test group than in the Control group. No inflammation or membrane collapse was observed in either group, and bone volumes (%) in defects around implants were similar in the two groups (p > 0.05). The results of new bone areas (%) analysis also showed similar values in the two groups (p > 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that cross-linking the collagen membranes with EDC is the method of enhancing the physical properties (tensile strength and enzymatic degradation) of the collagen membranes without risk of toxicity.

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