scholarly journals Free radical-mediated acetaldehyde formation by model reactions of dietary components: effects of meat, wine, cooking oil and coffee

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kasai ◽  
Kazuaki Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Model Reaction ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Model Reactions

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption and the ingestion of red meat and oxidized cooking oil are risk factors of gastric and colorectal cancers. We reported that acetaldehyde (AcAld) is generated from Heme/Mb/Meat-Linoleate-EtOH model reaction mixtures, and thus could be a new plausible mechanism for the carcinogenesis (Kasai and Kawai, ACS Omega, 2021). Results In this study, we investigated the effects of wine and coffee, in addition to meat components, on this reaction. Depending on the conditions, such as pH, reaction time and choice of free hemin, myoglobin (Mb), as well as meat extracts (raw meat, baked meat, salami), wine and coffee enhanced AcAld formation. Polyphenols in red wine and coffee may stimulate AcAld formation by acting as pro-oxidants in the presence of Heme/Mb/Meat. In a model reaction of Mb + EtOH + H2O2, we observed time-dependent AcAld formation. In support of these in vitro data, after the consumption of a red meat-rich diet with red wine, the fecal AcAld level significantly increased as compared to the levels associated with a diet of fish + wine, or red meat without alcohol. Conclusions These results suggested that AcAld generation from dietary components may be an important mechanism of gastrointestinal tract carcinogenesis.

Salivary Proteins Interact with Dietary Constituents to Modulate Tooth Staining

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Proctor ◽  
R. Pramanik ◽  
G.H. Carpenter ◽  
G.D. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Red Wine ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Grape Skin ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Black Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Proline Rich Protein

Dietary components rich in polyphenols—for example, tea and red wine—are thought to cause tooth staining. In the present study, hydroxyapatite was used as a model of enamel for study of the influence of salivary proteins on the binding of different polyphenols to hydroxyapatite in vitro. Neither salivary protein pellicles nor salivary proteins in solution significantly altered the binding of the small polyphenol epigallocatechin to hydroxyapatite. However, hydroxyapatite binding of anthocyanin, a small grape-skin-derived polyphenol, or the larger polyphenols of black tea was increased by the presence of salivary proteins, either as a pellicle or in solution. Proline-rich proteins were enriched from parotid saliva and found to increase binding of anthocyanin and black tea polyphenols to hydroxyapatite, while enriched histatins did not increase binding. It is concluded that some salivary proteins, including proline-rich protein, can mediate increased staining of enamel by red-wine- and black-tea-derived polyphenols.

In vitro model reaction of sulfur containing bio-relevant ligands with Pt(ii) complex: kinetics, mechanism, bioactivity and computational studies

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (94) ◽  
pp. 76987-76999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhajit Mukherjee ◽  
Venkata P. Reddy B. ◽  
Ishani Mitra ◽  
Rajnarayan Saha ◽  
Jagadeesh C. Bose K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Model Reaction ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Reservoir Model ◽  
Drug Reservoir ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Model Reactions

In vitrodrug reservoir model reactions of thiols with novel Pt(ii) complex were investigated in aqueous medium and the complex and its substituted products show remarkable anticancer property.

Plasminogen Depletion during Streptokinase Treatment or Two-Chain Urokinase Incubation Correlates with Decreased Clot Lysability Ex Vivo and In Vitro

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 0998-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Páll T Önundarson ◽  
H Magnús Haraldsson ◽  
Lena Bergmann ◽  
Charles W Francis ◽  
Victor J Marder
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Thrombolytic Treatment ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
Plasma Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between lytic state variables and ex vivo clot lysability was investigated in blood drawn from patients during streptokinase administration for acute myocardial infarction. A lytic state was already evident after 5 min of treatment and after 20 min the plasminogen concentration had decreased to 24%, antiplasmin to 7% and fibrinogen 0.2 g/1. Lysis of radiolabeled retracted clots in the patient plasmas decreased from 37 ± 8% after 5 min to 21 ± 8% at 10 min and was significantly lower (8 ± 9%, p <0.005) in samples drawn at 20, 40 and 80 min. Clot lysability correlated positively with the plasminogen concentration (r = 0.78, p = 0.003), but not with plasmin activity. Suspension of radiolabeled clots in normal plasma pre-exposed to 250 U/ml two-chain urokinase for varying time to induce an in vitro lytic state was also associated with decreasing clot lysability in direct proportion with the duration of prior plasma exposure to urokinase. The decreased lysability correlated with the time-dependent reduction in plasminogen concentration (r = 0.88, p <0.0005). Thus, clot lysability decreases in conjunction with the development of the lytic state and the associated plasminogen depletion. The lytic state may therefore limit reperfusion during thrombolytic treatment.

Plasma Contact Activation and Decrease of Factor V Activity on Negatively-Charged Polyelectrolytes

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 061-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Boffa ◽  
B Dreyer ◽  
C Pusineri
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependent ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Contact Activation ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Fresh Plasma ◽  
Direct Adsorption

SummaryThe effect of negatively-charged polymers, used in some artificial devices, on plasma clotting and kinin systems was studied in vitro using polyelectrolyte complexes.Contact activation was observed as an immediate, transient and surface-dependent phenomenon. After incubation of the plasma with the polymer a small decrease of factor XII activity was noticed, which corresponded to a greater reduction of prekallikrein activity and to a marked kinin release. No significant decrease of factor XII, prekallikrein, HMW kininogen could be detected immunologically. Only the initial contact of the plasma with the polyelectrolyte lead to activation, subsequently the surface became inert.Beside contact activation, factor V activity also decreased in the plasma. The decrease was surface and time-dependent. It was independent of contact factor activation, and appeared to be related to the sulfonated groups of the polymer. If purified factor V was used instead of plasma factor V, inactivation was immediate and not time-dependent suggesting a direct adsorption on the surface. A second incubation of the plasma-contacted polymer with fresh plasma resulted in a further loss of Factor V activity.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antitumor Activity of Novel 1-(4-Substituted phenyl)-2-ethyl Imidazole Apoptosis Inducers In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4293
Author(s):  
Zhen-Wang Li ◽  
Chun-Yan Zhong ◽  
Xiao-Ran Wang ◽  
Shi-Nian Li ◽  
Chun-Yuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner

Novel imidazole derivatives were designed, prepared, and evaluated in vitro for antitumor activity. The majority of the tested derivatives showed improved antiproliferative activity compared to the positive control drugs 5-FU and MTX. Among them, compound 4f exhibited outstanding antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines and was considerably more potent than both 5-FU and MTX. In particular, the selectivity index indicated that the tolerance of normal L-02 cells to 4f was 23–46-fold higher than that of tumor cells. This selectivity was significantly higher than that exhibited by the positive control drugs. Furthermore, compound 4f induced cell apoptosis by increasing the protein expression levels of Bax and decreasing those of Bcl-2 in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, 4f could be a potential candidate for the development of a novel antitumor agent.

scholarly journals Influences of advanced glycosylation end products on the inner blood–retinal barrier in a co-culture cell model in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 619-628
Author(s):  
Chen Yuan ◽  
Ya Mo ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Xuejun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Advanced Glycosylation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
Advanced Glycosylation

AbstractAdvanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) are harmful factors that can damage the inner blood–retinal barrier (iBRB). Rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) were isolated and cultured, and identified by anti-CD31 and von Willebrand factor polyclonal antibodies. Similarly, rat retinal Müller glial cells (RMGCs) were identified by H&E staining and with antibodies of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value was measured with a Millicell electrical resistance system to observe the leakage of the barrier. Transwell cell plates for co-culturing RMECs with RMGCs were used to construct an iBRB model, which was then tested with the addition of AGEs at final concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L for 24, 48, and 72 h. AGEs in the in vitro iBRB model constructed by RMEC and RMGC co-culture led to the imbalance of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelial derivative factor (PEDF), and the permeability of the RMEC layer increased because the TEER decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AGEs increased VEGF but lowered PEDF in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The intervention with AGEs led to the change of the transendothelial resistance of the RMEC layer likely caused by the increased ratio of VEGF/PEDF.

Time-lapse Phase-contrast Microphotography of Cell Populations as a Basis for Improvement of In Vitro Toxicity Assessment

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
Miroslav Červinka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Pertinent Data

Recent trends in the field of in vitro toxicology have centred around the validation of in vitro methods. The ultimate goal is to obtain pertinent data with the minimum of effort. In our laboratory, we have used toxicological methods based on the evaluation of cell morphology and cell proliferation. A method suitable for this purpose is time-lapse microcinematographic (or video) recording of cellular changes, which we used for many years. For practical in vitro toxicity testing, however, this method is far too complicated. Therefore, we have tried to develop a simple modification for the evaluation of cell morphology and cell proliferation, which would still allow for a basic time-dependent analysis. Comparison of detailed microcinematographic analysis with analysis according to our new proliferation assay is demonstrated with cisplatin as the toxicant. We believe that a time-dependent approach could improve the in vitro assessment of toxicity.

scholarly journals Synthesis and in vitro characterization of the genotoxic, mutagenic and cell-transforming potential of nitrosylated heme

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 3911-3927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Kostka ◽  
Jörg Fohrer ◽  
Claudia Guigas ◽  
Karlis Briviba ◽  
Nina Seiwert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cell Transforming ◽  
Malignant Cell Transformation

Abstract Data from epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of red and processed meat is a factor contributing to colorectal carcinogenesis. Red meat contains high amounts of heme, which in turn can be converted to its nitrosylated form, NO-heme, when adding nitrite-containing curing salt to meat. NO-heme might contribute to colorectal cancer formation by causing gene mutations and could thereby be responsible for the association of (processed) red meat consumption with intestinal cancer. Up to now, neither in vitro nor in vivo studies characterizing the mutagenic and cell transforming potential of NO-heme have been published due to the fact that the pure compound is not readily available. Therefore, in the present study, an already existing synthesis protocol was modified to yield, for the first time, purified NO-heme. Thereafter, newly synthesized NO-heme was chemically characterized and used in various in vitro approaches at dietary concentrations to determine whether it can lead to DNA damage and malignant cell transformation. While NO-heme led to a significant dose-dependent increase in the number of DNA strand breaks in the comet assay and was mutagenic in the HPRT assay, this compound tested negative in the Ames test and failed to induce malignant cell transformation in the BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay. Interestingly, the non-nitrosylated heme control showed similar effects, but was additionally able to induce malignant transformation in BALB/c 3T3 murine fibroblasts. Taken together, these results suggest that it is the heme molecule rather than the NO moiety which is involved in driving red meat-associated carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals In Vitro Pharmacodynamics of the New Ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 (Telithromycin) against Chlamydia pneumoniae

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1846-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gustafsson ◽  
E. Hjelm ◽  
O. Cars
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentration ◽  
Killing Effect ◽  
New Class ◽  
Unit Reduction

ABSTRACT The ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 (telithromycin) are a new class of macrolides that have a potential clinical efficacy against intracellular pathogens. The objectives of this study were to investigate the MIC, minimum bactericidal concentration, and time-dependent killing of two Chlamydia pneumoniaestrains of the two ketolides. The killing effect was also studied with a newly developed intracellular in vitro kinetic model. Furthermore, HMR 3647 was studied for the effect of a subinhibitory concentration of 0.5 times the MIC after a preexposure of 10 times the MIC during 12 h. The MICs for both strains were 0.0039 and 0.0156 mg/liter for HMR 3004 and HMR 3647, respectively. Killing with 10 times the MIC was time dependent, increasing from a 1-log-unit decrease in the number of inclusions per well at 48 h to a maximal effect of 2.8-log-unit decrease after 96 h. A preexposure of 10 times the MIC of HMR 3647 for 12 h followed by a subinhibitory concentration of 0.5 times the MIC increased the killing effect to a 1.2-log-unit reduction in inclusions per well. An exposure for 12 h gave poor reduction of inclusions, while a static dose of 10 times the MIC for 72 h showed a 2.2-log-unit reduction in inclusions per well. In the kinetic model, a small number of inclusions were detected after 72 h by one exposure of 10 times the MIC. Regrowth could not be detected after 120 h. The ketolides HMR 3004 and HMR 3647 have bactericidal activity and show a significant sub-MIC effect on the intracellular pathogenC. pneumoniae.

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