Underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Afghanistan: prevalence and correlates from a national survey in 2018

Abstract Background The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Afghanistan. Methods National cross-sectional survey data of 3779 persons aged 18–69 years were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity relative to normal weight. Results In all, 7.8% of the study sample was underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), 49.5% had normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 25.5% overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and 17.2% obesity. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, factors negatively associated with underweight were male sex (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR): 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15–0.58) and hypertension (ARRR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27–0.95) and factors positively associated with underweight were sedentary behaviour (ARRR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.11–3.10) and current tobacco use (ARRR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.08–6.16). Factors positively associated with overweight/obesity were aged 30–44 years (ARRR: 2.00, CI: 1.51–2.66) and aged 45–69 years (ARRR: 1.58, CI: 1.09–2.31) (compared to 18–29 years) (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14–2.18), hypertension (ARRR: 2.74, CI: 1.89–3.96), and type 2 diabetes (ARRR: 1.82, CI: 1.13–2.94), and high physical activity (ARRR: 0.70, CI: 0.50–0.98) was negatively associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusion Almost one in ten adult respondents were underweight and more than two in five were overweight/obese, confirming a dual burden of malnutrition in Afghanistan.

Download Full-text

Underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Afghanistan: Prevalence and correlates from a national survey in 2018

10.21203/rs.3.rs-366120/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dual Burden ◽

Male Sex

Abstract Background The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Afghanistan. Methods National cross-sectional survey data of 3,779 persons aged 18–69 years were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity relative to normal weight. Results In all, 7.8% of the study sample was underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²), 49.5% had normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²), 25.5% overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m²), and 17.2% obesity. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, factors negatively associated with underweight were male sex (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio-ARRR: 0.55, Confidence Interval-CI: 0.32–0.95). Factors positively associated with overweight/obesity were aged 30–44 years (ARRR: 1.92, CI: 1.46–2.53) and aged 45–69 years (ARRR: 1.49, CI: 1.05–2.11) (compared to 18–29 years) (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14–2.18), hypertension (ARRR: 2.69, CI: 1.88–3.85), type 2 diabetes (ARRR: 1.81, CI: 1.15–2.86), and raised cholesterol (ARRR: 2.04, CI: 1.41–2.95). Conclusion Almost one in ten adult respondents were underweight and more than two in five were overweight/obese, confirming a dual burden of malnutrition in Afghanistan.

Download Full-text

Overweight and Obesity Among Adults in Iraq: Prevalence and Correlates From a National Survey in 2015

10.20944/preprints202011.0489.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Nationally Representative

The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among adults in Iraq. Data from a 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 3,916 persons 18 years and older were analysed that responded to a questionnaire, physical and biochemical measures. Multinomial logistic regression was utilized to predict determinants of overweight and obesity relative to under or normal weight. Results indicate that 3.6% of the participants were underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m²), 30.8% had normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²), 31.8% were overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m²), and 33.9% had obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression, aged 40-49 years (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio-ARRR: 4.47, Confidence Interval-CI: 3.39-5.91), urban residence (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14-2.18), hypertension (ARRR: 3.13, CI: 2.36-4.17) were positively, and male sex (ARRR: 0.47, CI: 0.33-0.68), having more than primary education (ARRR: 0.69, CI: 0.50-0.94), and larger household size (≥5 members) (ARRR: 0.45, CI: 0.33-0.60) were negativey associated with obesity. About two in three adult participants were overweight/obese, and sociodemographic and health risk factors were found that can be utilized in targeting interventions.

Download Full-text

Overweight and Obesity among Adults in Iraq: Prevalence and Correlates from a National Survey in 2015

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4198

Author(s):

Supa Pengpid ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Participants ◽

Nationally Representative

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among adults in Iraq. Data from a 2015 nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 3916 persons 18 years or older (M (median) age = 40 years, IQR (interquartile range) age = 29–52 years; men: M = 41 years, IQR = 29–54 years; women: M = 40 years, IQR = 30–51 years) who responded to a questionnaire, and physical and biochemical measures were analysed. Multinomial logistic regression was utilised to predict the determinants of overweight and obesity relative to under or normal weight. The results indicate that 3.6% of the participants were underweight (body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2), 30.8% had normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 31.8% were overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and 33.9% had obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression, being aged 40–49 years (compared to 18–39 years old) (adjusted relative risk ratio (ARRR): 4.47, confidence interval (CI): 3.39–5.91), living in an urban residence (ARRR: 1.28, CI: 1.14–2.18), and having hypertension (ARRR: 3.13, CI: 2.36–4.17) were positively associated with obesity. Being male (ARRR: 0.47, CI: 0.33–0.68), having more than primary education (ARRR: 0.69, CI: 0.50–0.94), and having a larger household size (five members or more) (ARRR: 0.45, CI: 0.33–0.60) were negatively associated with obesity. Approximately two in three adult participants were overweight/obese, and sociodemographic and health risk factors were found that can be utilised in targeting interventions.

Download Full-text

Menopausal hormone therapy: Characterising users in an Australian national cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253725 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0253725

Author(s):

Louiza S. Velentzis ◽

Sam Egger ◽

Emily Banks ◽

Karen Canfell

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Hormone Therapy ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Menopausal Symptoms ◽

Menopausal Hormone Therapy ◽

Bilateral Oophorectomy ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is effective for menopausal symptoms, however, its use is also associated with risks of serious health conditions including breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer, stroke and venous thromboembolism. MHT-related health risks increase with longer durations of use. In Australia, while overall MHT use fell when risk-related findings were published in 2002, a significant number of women continue using MHT long-term. We aimed to examine socio-demographic, health-related and lifestyle characteristics in relation to post-2002 MHT use, and to compare use for <5 and ≥5 years. Data from 1,561 participants from an Australian, national, cross-sectional survey of women aged 50–69 in 2013 were analysed. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression for characteristics related to overall MHT use post-2002 and multinomial logistic regression for associations between MHT duration of use [never/<5 years/≥5 years] and personal characteristics, adjusting for sociodemographic, reproductive, health and lifestyle factors. Post-2002 MHT use was associated with increasing age (p-trend<0.001), hysterectomy versus no hysterectomy (OR:2.55, 95%CI = 1.85–3.51), bilateral oophorectomy vs no oophorectomy (OR:1.66, 95%CI = 1.09–2.53), and ever- versus never-use of therapies other than MHT for menopausal symptoms (OR:1.93, 95%CI = 1.48–2.57). Women with prior breast cancer (OR:0.35, 95%CI = 0.17–0.74) and with more children (p-trend = 0.034) were less likely than other women to use MHT. Prior hysterectomy was more strongly associated with MHT use for ≥5 years than for <5 years (p = 0.004). Ever-use of non-MHT menopausal therapies was associated with MHT use for <5 years but not with longer-term use (p = 0.004). This study reinforces the need for MHT users and their clinicians to re-evaluate continued MHT use on an ongoing basis.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and correlates of non-daily and daily cannabis use among persons 15 years and older in South Africa: Results of a national survey in 2017

10.21203/rs.3.rs-116225/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shandir Ramlagan ◽

Karl Peltzer ◽

Supa Pengpid

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Male Sex

Abstract BackgroundThe study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of non-daily and daily cannabis use among persons 15 years and older in South Africa.MethodIn a national cross-sectional 2017 survey, 39,207 persons 15 years and older (Median = 34 years) responded to a questionnaire on substance use and health variables. Multinominal logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of nondaily and daily cannabis use and logistic regression for the determinants of daily cannabis use among active cannabis users.ResultsResults indicate that 5.0% of the participants engaged in non-daily and 2.8% in daily cannabis use in the past 3 months. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, male sex, having Grade 8–11 education, Coloureds, alcohol use disorder, living with husband or wife, not living with a partner, and other drug use were positively and students were negatively associated with daily cannabis use. Male sex, younger age, living alone or single, living with a partner, alcohol use disorder, and other drug use were positively and multimorbidity was negatively associated with nondaily cannabis use. Compared to nondaily cannabis users, male sex had higher odds and students and other drug use had lower odds of daily cannabis use.ConclusionAbout one in ten participants engaged past 3-month cannabis use, and several sociodemographic and health indicators were identified associated with non-daily and daily cannabis use.

Download Full-text

Association of hypogonadism with vitamin D status: the European Male Ageing Study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0743 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 166 (1) ◽

pp. 77-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

David M Lee ◽

Abdelouahid Tajar ◽

Stephen R Pye ◽

Steven Boonen ◽

Dirk Vanderschueren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hpt Axis

ObjectiveInterrelationships between hormones of the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular (HPT) axis, hypogonadism, vitamin D and seasonality remain poorly defined. We investigated whether HPT axis hormones and hypogonadism are associated with serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in men.Design and methodsCross-sectional survey of 3369 community-dwelling men aged 40–79 years in eight European centres. Testosterone (T), oestradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; LH, FSH, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone by immunoassay. Free T was calculated from total T, SHBG and albumin. Gonadal status was categorised as eugonadal (normal T/LH), secondary (low T, low/normal LH), primary (low T, elevated LH) and compensated (normal T, elevated LH) hypogonadism. Associations of HPT axis hormones with 25(OH)D were examined using linear regression and hypogonadism with vitamin D using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsIn univariate analyses, free T levels were lower (P=0.02) and E2and LH levels were higher (P<0.05) in men with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <50 nmol/l). 25(OH)D was positively associated with total and free T and negatively with E2and LH in age- and centre-adjusted linear regressions. After adjusting for health and lifestyle factors, no significant associations were observed between 25(OH)D and individual hormones of the HPT axis. However, vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with compensated (relative risk ratio (RRR)=1.52,P=0.03) and secondary hypogonadism (RRR=1.16,P=0.05). Seasonal variation was only observed for 25(OH)D (P<0.001).ConclusionsSecondary and compensated hypogonadism were associated with vitamin D deficiency and the clinical significance of this relationship warrants further investigation.

Download Full-text

Association Between Parental HPV Knowledge and Intentions to Have Their Daughters Vaccinated

Western Journal of Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/0193945916682953 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 481-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lisa N. Mansfield ◽

Elijah O. Onsomu ◽

Elizabeth Merwin ◽

Naomi M. Hall ◽

Alfreda Harper-Harrison

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

School Attendance ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Relative Risk Ratio ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Data Set ◽

Cervical Cancers ◽

Hpv Knowledge

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 causes 66% of cervical cancers (Dunne et al., 2014). Vaccination during adolescence can prevent HPV-associated cervical cancers, yet less than half of adolescent girls are vaccinated. This study examined the association between HPV knowledge and parental intentions to vaccinate daughters against HPV. A retrospective, cross-sectional, national data set from the 2006-2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) was used. A multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between intent to vaccinate and HPV knowledge. After controlling for other covariates, parents who were knowledgeable were more likely to intend to have their daughters vaccinated compared with those who were not knowledgeable (adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] = 3.96, p = .004). Having HPV knowledge would significantly increase parents’ intent for vaccination against the disease for their daughters. Health care providers should integrate HPV-related education for parents within their services, and policymakers should consider requiring HPV vaccination for school attendance.

Download Full-text

Analysis on the Choice of Livelihood Strategy for Peasant Households Renting out Farmland: Evidence from Western Poverty-Stricken Areas in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11051424 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1424 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jie Cai ◽

Ting Wang ◽

Xianli Xia ◽

Yazhi Chen ◽

Hongqiang Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Natural Capital ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Livelihood Strategies ◽

Policy Support ◽

Sustainable Livelihood ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Livelihood Strategy ◽

The Impact

Investigating the choice of livelihood strategies has great significance for improving the living standards of peasant households who rent out farmland. This study evaluates the impact of renting-out land on households’ livelihood strategies in China’s western poverty-stricken areas. Data were obtained from cross sectional survey of 585 field survey data from peasant households who rent out land. The K-means clustering method was used to classify the livelihood strategies of the sample households. In view of sustainable livelihood framework, this paper used combination weighting model based on game theory to calculate the quo of households’ livelihood capital. The Multinomial Logistic Regression was used to explore the relationship between livelihood capitals and livelihood strategies. Results show that: livelihood strategy of households who rent out the land can be divided into “agricultural-led” livelihood strategy, “working-oriented” livelihood strategy and “part-time” livelihood strategy. Additionally, the results of Multinomial Logistic Regression show that the households with high human capital and financial capital tend to choose the “working-oriented” livelihood strategy and the households with high natural capital tend to choose the “agricultural-led” livelihood strategy. Therefore, in order to realize the sustainable livelihood of these households, different policy support should be proposed based on the heterogeneity of households in the process of land transfer.

Download Full-text

Associations Between Health Literacy and Underweight and Overweight Among Japanese Adults Aged 20 to 39 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198120919675 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 631-639

Author(s):

Ayaka Enomoto ◽

Aki Saito ◽

Osamu Takahashi ◽

Takeshi Kimura ◽

Ryoko Tajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Limited Information ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Overweight Status ◽

Obesity Status ◽

Japanese Adults

Background. Both underweight and overweight are public health concerns in Japan. Several studies examined the association between health literacy (HL) and obesity status in the general population; however, there is limited information on young adults. In addition, the association between HL and underweight status has not been extensively investigated. Aim. To examine the association between HL and underweight/overweight status among young Japanese adults aged 20 to 39 years. Method. This study was based on a cross-sectional survey of population-representative adults. HL was assessed using a questionnaire validated in Japanese adults. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using self-reported weight and height. Participants were divided into two groups by HL score using the median score (lower vs. higher HL). The association between HL and underweight (BMI <18.5) or overweight (BMI ≥25.0) was examined using multinomial logistic regression analyses after adjusting for potential confounders. Results. In total, 476 women and 454 men were included in the analyses. Prevalence of underweight and overweight was 20.8% and 10.3% in women and 8.8% and 20.3% in men, respectively. In women, 45.1% of normal weight, 47.5% of underweight, and 30.6% of overweight had higher HL. Among men, 50.3% of normal weight, 35.0% of underweight, and 44.6% of overweight had higher HL. Bivariate analyses showed no statistically significant association between HL level and underweight/overweight status. Even after adjusting for potential confounders, these associations did not change. Discussion and Conclusion. This study suggests that HL scores may not be associated with underweight or overweight status in Japanese adults.

Download Full-text

Analysis of the Prevalence of the Preferred Methods of Contraception During the COVID 19 Lockdown in Uganda: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-635015/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julius Sseninde ◽

Allen Kabagenyi ◽

Betty Kyadondo ◽

Evelyne Nyachwo ◽

Agnes Kiragga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family Planning ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Information Access ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Short Acting ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Background In 2020 limitations to family planning information, access and utilization was exacerbated by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, globally incapacitating various channels to family planning information, access and, utilization. This study sought to analyse the prevalence of the preferred methods of contraception during the COVID 19 lockdown in Uganda using a multinomial logistic regression. Method Data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate, logistic and multinomial logistic regression models from the post intervention telehealth cross sectional survey.Results Out of the 244 women surveyed, more than three quarters (80%) used their preferred methods of family planning, while almost half of the participants (46%) used the Short Acting Methods as a preferred method of Family planning. The logistic regression showed that older aged participants, fear of security personnel, and fear that my spouse will know that the partner is using family planning as their biggest challenge plus participants who agreed that they won’t continue using family planning after the lockdown were less likely to use the preferred method of family planning. However, participants whose biggest challenge to access family planning information, and utilization was lack of money, those who received extremely adequate number of messages during the intervention and those that who were already using family planning before the intervention were more likely to use their preferred method of family planning. From the multinomial model, participants whose biggest challenges in accessing family planning services during the lockdown were fear of unwanted pregnancy, and fear if implant expires in her body were relatively more likely to use Long-term Acting Reversible Contraceptives than Short Acting Contraceptives as their preferred method of Family Planning. While participants who were relatively less likely to use to use LARC compared to SAC were those already using family planning before the start of the intervention. Conclusions We recommend prioritizing family planning information, access and utilization as one of the essential services during the lockdown, with more emphasis on intervention that address age specific needs and partner privacy issues. Addressing the use of LARC among women who are already using contraceptives is equally paramount in cases of the lockdown and health facility closures

Download Full-text