scholarly journals Normalized lifespan inequality: disentangling the longevity–lifespan variability nexus

Genus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Permanyer ◽  
Jiaxin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Inequality Measurement ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Average Longevity ◽  
Lifespan Variability ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPrevious studies have documented a historically strong and negative association between countries’ life expectancy (i.e., average longevity) and length-of-life inequality (i.e., variability in ages at death). The relationship between both variables might be partially explained by life expectancy increasing at a faster pace than maximal length of life, a phenomenon that mechanically compresses the age-at-death distribution and has not been taken into consideration in previous studies. In this paper, we propose a new approach to lifespan inequality measurement that accounts for the (uncertainly) bounded nature of length-of-life. Applying the new approach to the countries of the Human Mortality Database, we observe that the decline in overall lifespan variability typically associated with increases in longevity seems to stop and even reverse at higher levels of life expectancy. This suggests the emergence of worrying ethical dilemmas, whereby higher achievements in longevity would only be possible at the expense of higher lifespan variability.

scholarly journals Growth, Pollution, and Life Expectancy: China from 1991–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham Ebenstein ◽  
Maoyong Fan ◽  
Michael Greenstone ◽  
Guojun He ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between income, pollution, and mortality in China from 1991-2012. Using first-difference models, we document a robust positive association between city-level GDP and life expectancy. We also find a negative association between city-level particulate air pollution exposure and life expectancy that is driven by elevated cardiorespiratory mortality rates. The results suggest that while China's unprecedented economic growth over the last two decades is associated with health improvements, pollution has served as a countervailing force.

scholarly journals A copula-based quantifying of the relationship between race inequality among neighbourhoods in São Paulo and age at death

4open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Andrea González-López ◽  
Rafael Rodrigues de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Bayesian Information Criterion ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, we combine two statistical tools with the objective of creating models that represent the dependence between (i) the proportion of the black/brown population in relation to the total population of a neighborhood (pct) and (ii) the average age at which people died in the neighborhood (age). We explore the dependence between pct and age in São Paulo city, Brazil, during 2018. The statistical tools are models of copulas and informative and non-informative settings according to the Bayesian perspective. The different scenarios and models allow us to delineate the dependence between pct and age, and, through the Bayesian Information Criterion we can indicate which of these models best represents the data. The approach implemented here allows us to define estimates of variations in life expectancy conditioned by percentage intervals of pct. With them, we can conclude that on average all the scenarios point to a decrease in life expectancy by increasing the proportion of pct. When conditioning the percentages of pct to 4 intervals (0, 0.25], (0.25, 0.5], (0.5, 0.75], (0.75, 1] respectively, we note that the expectation is reduced in average at a constant rate from one interval in comparison with the immediate and next interval from left to right in [0, 1].

Colonialism and the Highland Clearances

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
New Approach ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Late Modern

This article employs a new approach to studying internal colonialism in northern Scotland during the 18th and 19th centuries. A common approach to examining internal colonial situations within modern state territories is to compare characteristics of the internal colonial situation with attested attributes of external colonial relations. Although this article does not reject the comparative approach, it seeks to avoid criticisms that this approach can be misleading by demonstrating that promoters and managers of projects involving land use change, territorial dispossession and industrial development in the late modern Gàidhealtachd consistently conceived of their work as projects of colonization. It further argues that the new social, cultural and political structures these projects imposed on the area's indigenous population correspond to those found in other colonial situations, and that racist and racialist attitudes towards Gaels of the time are typical of those in colonial situations during the period. The article concludes that the late modern Gàidhealtachd has been a site of internal colonization where the relationship of domination between colonizer and colonized is complex, longstanding and occurring within the imperial state. In doing so it demonstrates that the history and present of the Gaels of Scotland belongs within the ambit of an emerging indigenous research paradigm.

scholarly journals Modeling the Radial Stem Growth of the Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Forests Using the Satellite-Derived NDVI and LST (MODIS/AQUA) Data

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Yulia Ivanova ◽  
Anton Kovalev ◽  
Vlad Soukhovolsky
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Parabolic Approximation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tree Increment

The paper considers a new approach to modeling the relationship between the increase in woody phytomass in the pine forest and satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) (MODIS/AQUA) data. The developed model combines the phenological and forest growth processes. For the analysis, NDVI and LST (MODIS) satellite data were used together with the measurements of tree-ring widths (TRW). NDVI data contain features of each growing season. The models include parameters of parabolic approximation of NDVI and LST time series transformed using principal component analysis. The study shows that the current rate of TRW is determined by the total values of principal components of the satellite indices over the season and the rate of tree increment in the preceding year.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression symptoms among hospitalized COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 009121742098208
Author(s):  
Ali Kandeğer ◽  
Memduha Aydın ◽  
Kürşat Altınbaş ◽  
Alparslan Cansız ◽  
Özge Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Objective We aimed to evaluate the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression symptoms among hospitalized COVID-19 patients by comparing them with a matched control group in terms of age, gender, and education level. Method The patient group (n = 84) and the healthy controls (HCs, n = 92) filled in the questionnaire including the socio-demographic form, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced through the online survey link. Results The COVID-19 patients had higher perceived social support and coping strategies scores than the HCs. However, anxiety and depression scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. In logistic regression analysis performed in COVID-19 patients, the presence of chest CT finding (OR = 4.31; 95% CI = 1.04–17.95) was a risk factor for anxiety and the use of adaptive coping strategies (OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.73–0.99) had a negative association with anxiety. In addition, the use of adaptive coping strategies (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.79–0.98) and high perceived social support (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.93– 0,99) had a negative association with depression symptoms. Conclusions Longitudinal studies involving the return to normality phase of the COVID-19 pandemic are needed to investigate the effects of factors such as coping strategies and perceived social support that could increase the psychological adjustment and resilience of individuals on anxiety and depression.

A new approach to the bienergy and biangle of a moving particle lying in a surface of lorentzian space

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Körpınar ◽  
Yasin Ünlütürk
Keyword(s):  
Vector Fields ◽  
Elastic Surface ◽  
Geometrical Characterization ◽  
Lorentzian Space ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Darboux Vector ◽  
Moving Particle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Surface Curve

AbstractIn this research, we study bienergy and biangles of moving particles lying on the surface of Lorentzian 3-space by using their energy and angle values. We present the geometrical characterization of bienergy of the particle in Darboux vector fields depending on surface. We also give the relationship between bienergy of the surface curve and bienergy of the elastic surface curve. We conclude the paper by providing bienergy-curve graphics for different cases.

Innovation and Corporate Social Responsibility in SMEs

2015 ◽  
Vol 808 ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Cristina Feniser ◽  
Florin Lungu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
The Relationship

So far little attention has been given the differences or the compatibilities between CSR and innovation. Few works treats CSR in combination with innovation. What exactly is the relationship between CSR and innovation? Recent phenomena such as open innovation is based on the concept that the stakeholder's dialogue that overlaps with some dimensions of CSR. Being innovative means to bring organizational and technical improvements which will translate into a better position in the market. These improvements don't just aim the product, but the process by which it is obtained and its whole life-cycle. We're talking about a new approach to innovation, namely its orientation towards sustainability. Although SMEs have many features which facilitate implementation of CSR, activities of this type in such organizations are still limited. SMEs managers often make choices that are related to rational management. This leads to divergence between economical and social goals. Through a qualitative exploration of the concepts of CSR and innovation, we wanted to find out from some managers whether there is a link between innovation and CSR in SMEs and whether the activities corresponding to the two concepts overlap in a certain measure.

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