scholarly journals Inheritance and reflection: “re-study” of three anthropology fieldwork sites in China’s Yunnan Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Society ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Ancestor Worship ◽  
Land System ◽  
Peking University ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
West Town ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article is a research report involving three anthropological studies conducted during the period of “Kuige” and their “re-studies.” By narrating the project, I set forth my views on the connections and differences between Chinese anthropological explorations from two historical periods. These anthropological explorations refer to the study of Lu Village conducted by Fei Xiaotong, that of “West Town” (Xizhou) by Francis L. K. Hsu, and that of “Pai-IPai” (Dai) villages by Tien Ju-Kang. They were all completed in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Each writer extracted a framework to analyze the land system, ancestor worship, and the relationship between humans and gods from the writer’s own field experience. Despite the difference in research methods, all three studies noticed the cultural differences between rural society and modernity. Since 2000, Peking University and Yunnan Minzu University have launched a “Province-university Cooperation Project.” During the project, a research team formed of several young scholars revisited Lu Village, “West Town” (Xizhou), and Namu Village. These writers’ works were based on the data acquired in their fieldwork and drew upon the opinions raised by global anthropologists on “re-study” in recent decades. Considering the dual effects of social change and shifts in academic concepts around “follow-up research,” the scholars put forward several points of view with their ethnographies, which all featured the characteristics of inheritance and reflection. Based on the results of the three “re-studies,” this article emphasizes the importance of the study of public rituals for the research of rural society. This article also attempts to re-examine the methodology of “human ecology,” which profoundly impacts Chinese anthropology and sociology.

scholarly journals Relationship between episodes of unsustained VTs detected early after an ICD implant and subsequent monomorphic VTs causing appropriate therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jimenez-Candil ◽  
J Perez ◽  
M Sanchez ◽  
J Hernandez ◽  
J.L Morinigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardias ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Non-sustained ventricular tachycardias (NSVT) are observed frequently among ICD patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). Purpose To analyze the relationship between episodes of NSVTs and monomorphic VTs (MVTs) that subsequently cause appropriate therapies. Methods 416 ICD patients with LVD (LVEF <45%) followed for 41±27 months. ICD programming (detection and therapies) was standardized. NSVT was defined as any VT of ≥5 beats which did not met the detection criteria occurring within the first 6 months after ICD implant. We analyzed 2201 NSVTs (10+7 beats), which occurred in 250 of the 416 patients (Median=2; IQR=0–7). The mean cycle length (CL) of NSVT was 323±32 ms (adjusted per multiple episodes/patient, generalized estimating equation method (GEEM)). Results During the follow-up, 1441 MVT occurred in 183 patients. After showing a significant correlation between burden of NSVT and the occurrence of appropriate therapies due to MVT (C coefficient=0.68; p<0.001), we observed that subjects with >5 NSVT presented an excess of adjusted risk: HR=1.97 (95% CI=1.45–2.72); p<0.001. However, the adjusted mean CL of NSVTs was similar in patients with (322±34) vs. without MVT (324±26 ms); p=0.3. Among patients who presented NSVTs and MVTs (n=145 subjects), we analyzed the relationship between the adjusted mean CL of the NSVTs (n=1288 episodes) and the CL of the first appropriate therapy due to MVT occurring subsequently. We found a significant and positive correlation between the two (r=0.88; p<0.001); the strongest correlation was observed in subjects with >5 NSVTs (r=0.97, n=52)). The robustness of such correlation was similar in individuals with ischemic (r=0.86; n=91) versus non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (r=0.90; n=54), and in primary (r=0.86; n=75) versus secondary prevention (r=0.90; n=70). The agreement between the CL of first MVT and the adjusted mean CL of NSVT episodes (GEEM) was determined according to the Bland-Altman Method. The difference between the two values was 2±8.3 ms, with only 7.6% (11/145) of patients in whom the difference between the two CL was outside the concordance limits. The agreement was greater, again, in individuals with >5 NSVTs. As shown in the Figure, in more than 95% of patients both values were within the interval of agreement (0.32±4 ms). Conclusions 1-The burden of NSVTs occurring early after an ICD implant, but not their CL, is associated with a higher incidence of appropriate therapies due to MVT at follow-up. 2-The CL of the NSVTs and that of the first and subsequent MVTs is virtually the same in patients with higher NSVT burden. Therefore, it could be the same tachycardia, but with different duration. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals D-dimer daily continuous tendency predicts the short-term prognosis for COVID-19 independently: A retrospective study from Northeast China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yinting Xing ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Yingyu Jin ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Xiuru Guan
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Prognosis Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Worse Prognosis ◽  
D Dimer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study whether D-dimer daily continuous tendency could predict the short-term prognosis of COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODES: According to the short-term prognosis, 81 COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups, one of worse prognosis (Group W) and the other of better prognosis (Group B). The slope of D-dimer linear regression during hospitalization (SLOPE) was calculated as an indicator of D-dimer daily continuous tendency. The SLOPE difference between Group W and Group B was compared. The difference between the discharge results and the 3-month follow-up results was also compared. COX regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between SLOPE and short-term prognosis of COVID-19. RESULTS: There were 16 patients in Group W and 65 patients in Group B. Group W had more critical proportion (p <  0.0001), indicating that the symptoms of its patients were more severe during hospitalization. ARDS, the most visible cause of worse prognosis, accounted for up to 68.75%, and many symptoms merged and resulted in worse prognosis. The D-dimer levels of Group W not only were significantly higher (p <  0.0001), but also showed an increasing trend. In addition, the D-dimer levels at discharge were significantly higher than those at follow-up (p = 0.0261), and the mean difference was as high as 0.7474. SLOPE significantly correlated with the short-term prognosis of COVID-19 independently (RR: 1.687, 95% CI: 1.345–2.116, P <  0.0001). The worst prognosis occurred most likely during the first month after COVID-19 diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Our study found that D-dimer daily continuous tendency independently correlates with worse prognosis and can be used as an independent predictor of the short-term prognosis for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mortality between Japanese Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients: A 5-Year Multicenter Follow-Up Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Suzuki ◽  
Tsuneo Konta ◽  
Kazunobu Ichikawa ◽  
Ami Ikeda ◽  
Hiroki Niino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dialysis Modality ◽  
Multicenter Observational Study ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cox Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

To examine the relationship between dialysis modality and prognosis in Japanese patients, we conducted a prospective multicenter observational study. We recruited 83 background-matched peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 83 hemodialysis (HD) patients (average age, 64.9 years; men, 53.6%; diabetic patients, 22.9%; median duration of dialysis, 48 months in all patients) and followed them for 5 years. During the follow-up period, 27 PD patients (16 cardiovascular and 11 non-cardiovascular deaths) and 27 HD patients died (14 cardiovascular and 13 non-cardiovascular deaths). There were 8 PD patients switched to HD, and 6 PD patients received renal transplantation. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the crude survival rate was not significantly different at the end of 5 years (PD 67.5% versus 67.5%, log-rankP=0.719). The difference in cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortalities between PD and HD was not statistically significant. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the independent predictors for death were age and serum albumin levels, but not the dialysis modality. This study showed that the overall mortality was not significantly different between PD and HD patients, which suggests that dialysis modality might not be an independent factor for survival in Japanese patients.

scholarly journals The Impact of Aortic Valvular Calcium on Transcatheter Heart Valve Distortion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Akihiro Nakajima ◽  
Toru Naganuma ◽  
Haruhito Yuki ◽  
Hirokazu Onishi ◽  
Tatsuya Amano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Paravalvular Leak ◽  
Transcatheter Heart Valve ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives. To investigate the relationship between the eccentric calcification of aortic valve and transcatheter heart valve (THV) distortion and the impact of THV distortion on echo parameters and clinical outcomes. Background. The effects of eccentric calcification of the aortic valve on the THV distortion and the relationship between THV distortion and clinical impact were not fully understood. Methods. Patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who were undergoing THV implantation were enrolled. Patients underwent preprocedural, postprocedural multislice computed tomography (MSCT), and follow-up transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Delta calcium score (ΔCS) is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimal calcium scores of the three cusps, while valve distortion score (VDS) is defined as the difference between the longest and shortest stent frame, as obtained using MSCT. Patients were divided into two groups according to ΔCS: “noneccentric calcification group” and “eccentric calcification group.” Results. A total of 118 patients were enrolled (59 patients in noneccentric and 59 in eccentric calcification groups). VDS was significantly lower in the noneccentric calcification group than in the eccentric calcification group (1.31 ± 0.82 mm vs. 1.73 ± 0.76 mm, p = 0.004 ). VDS was not associated with the degree of paravalvular leak (PVL) and aortic valvular mean pressure gradient (AVPG) at 30-day and 1-year follow-up TTE and the cumulative rates of all-cause death and rehospitalization at 2-year clinical follow-up. Conclusions. Eccentric valvular calcification was associated with longitudinal THV distortion. However, THV distortion was not associated with PVL, AVPG, and adverse clinical events during midterm follow-up.

scholarly journals 1179. PCV13 Pediatric Routine Schedule Completion and Adherence Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S682-S682
Author(s):  
Liping Huang ◽  
Jennifer L Nguyen ◽  
Johnna Perdrizet ◽  
Tamuno Alfred ◽  
Adriano Arguedas
Keyword(s):  
Booster Dose ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Primary Dose ◽  
The Us ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID) mitigation measures may have unintended consequences, such as reduced or delayed access to routine immunizations. This study examined (1) PCV13 routine vaccination completion and adherence (C&A) among US infants before and during the COVID pandemic and (2) the relationship between primary dose C&A and booster dose C&A. Methods Retrospective data from the Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database were used to create 3 cohorts: C1, Pre-COVID; C2, During COVID; C3, Cross-COVID (Figure 1). The completion was defined as number of PCV13 doses received within 8 months of birth, and the adherence was defined number of doses received at ACIP recommended time (@2, 4, 6 months, +/- 5 days). Univariable logistic regression was used to compare the odds of primary dose C&A in cohorts C1 and C3 vs C2 and descriptive analyses were used to explore primary dose C&A in relation to booster dose C&A. Figure 1: Study population and inclusion criteria Results A total of 172,916, 70,049, and 34,854 infants were included in C1, C2, and C3. Among infants with &gt; 8 months of follow-up from birth (N=132,183 for C1&C3, 16,522 for C3), 3-primary dose completion was statistically significantly higher before COVID than during COVID (crude OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.15). The 3-primary dose adherence was also higher before COVID than during COVID (crude OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.15). Among infants with ≥2, 4 and 6 months of follow-up, adherence of each individual dose was consistently higher before COVID than during COVID (1st dose: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04; 2nd dose: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.06; 3rd dose: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08 – 1.15) (Table 1). Booster dose completion was higher in infants who completed or adhered to 3 primary doses than infants who completed or adhered to only 1 or 2 primary doses (Figure 2, Overall) and booster dose C&A was generally higher before COVID than during COVID (Figure 2, Cohort 1 vs. Cohort 3). Table 1. Comparison of completion and adherence of primary dosing series per-COVID vs. during-COVID era Figure 2: Booster dose completion and adherence in relation to primary dosing completion (A) and adherence (B) Conclusion These results indicated that PCV13 full completion was statistically lower during COVID, but the magnitude of the difference in infants was not extensive. Infants who completed or adhered to all three primary doses were more likely to complete or adhere to the booster dose. Further research is warranted as structured datasets mature to capture the full time span of COVID-19 mitigation measures. Disclosures Liping Huang, MD, MA, MS, Pfizer Inc (Employee) Jennifer L Nguyen, ScD, MPH, Pfizer Inc. (Employee) Johnna Perdrizet, MPH, Pfizer Inc (Employee) Tamuno Alfred, PhD, Pfizer Inc. (Employee) Adriano Arguedas, MD, Pfizer (Employee)

scholarly journals Dental Calculus Is Associated with Death from Heart Infarction

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Söder ◽  
Jukka H. Meurman ◽  
Per-Östen Söder
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Death ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Dental Calculus ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Heart Infarction ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives. We studied whether the amount of dental calculus is associated with death from heart infarction in the dental infection—atherosclerosis paradigm.Materials. Participants were 1676 healthy young Swedes followed up from 1985 to 2011. At the beginning of the study all subjects underwent oral clinical examination including dental calculus registration scored with calculus index (CI). Outcome measure was cause of death classified according to WHO International Classification of Diseases. Unpairedt-test, Chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regressions were used.Results. Of the 1676 participants, 2.8% had died during follow-up. Women died at a mean age of 61.5 years and men at 61.7 years. The difference in the CI index score between the survivors versus deceased patients was significant by the year 2009 (P<0.01). In multiple regression analysis of the relationship between death from heart infarction as a dependent variable and CI as independent variable with controlling for age, gender, dental visits, dental plaque, periodontal pockets, education, income, socioeconomic status, and pack-years of smoking, CI score appeared to be associated with 2.3 times the odds ratio for cardiac death.Conclusions. The results confirmed our study hypothesis by showing that dental calculus indeed associated statistically with cardiac death due to infarction.

The impact of pain on the course of ADL functioning in patients with dementia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelore H van Dalen-Kok ◽  
Marjoleine J C Pieper ◽  
Margot W M de Waal ◽  
Jenny T van der Steen ◽  
Erik J A Scherder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Item Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Understanding if and how pain influences activities of daily living (ADL) in dementia is essential to improving pain management and ADL functioning. This study examined the relationship between the course of pain and change in ADL functioning, both generally and regarding specific ADL functions. Methods Participants were Dutch nursing home residents (n = 229) with advanced dementia. ADL functioning was assessed with the Katz ADL scale, and pain with the Dutch version of the Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate (PACSLAC-D). Changes of PACSLAC-D and Katz ADL scores were computed based on the difference in scores between baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the relationships between change in pain score, change in total ADL score and specific ADL item scores during follow-up. Results At baseline, residents had a median ADL score of 18 (interquartile range 13–22, range 6–24) and 48% of the residents were in pain (PACSLAC-D ≥ 4). Residents with pain were more ADL dependent than residents without pain. A change in pain score within the first 3 months was a significant predictor for a decline in ADL functioning over the 6-month follow-up (B = 0.10, SE = 0.05, P = 0.045), and specifically, a decline on the items ‘transferring’ over the 6-month follow-up and ‘feeding’ during the first 3 months of follow-up. Conclusions Pain is associated with ADL functioning cross-sectionally, and a change in pain score predicts a decline in ADL functioning, independent of dementia severity. Awareness of (changes in) ADL activities is clearly important and might result in both improved recognition of pain and improved pain management.

Lacunar skull deformity (Lückenschädel) and intelligence in myelomeningocele

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman Stein ◽  
Luis Schut ◽  
Patricia Borns
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cerebral Development ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Skull Deformity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Clinical and radiographic records of 156 children with myelomeningocele and adequate follow-up were reviewed to assess the relationship of lacunar skull deformity (Lückenschädel, or LSD) to intellectual development. LSD was present on perinatal films in 54.5% of these children. On later testing the group with LSD achieved a mean IQ of 63.8 as opposed to 95.8 found in children without LSD. The difference is very highly significant (p < 0.0005). Since the presence or absence of LSD is easily determined at birth, it can be used as an early indicator of intellectual capacity. Signs of hydrocephalus at birth were not found to be reliably associated with either LSD or eventual IQ. The significance of these findings and the relationship between LSD and defective cerebral development are discussed.

scholarly journals What’s the difference between hyperprogressive disease and progressive disease for patients with treated immune checkpoint inhibitors?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Çağrı Yıldırım ◽  
Deniz Can Guven ◽  
Oktay Halit Aktepe ◽  
Hakan Taban ◽  
Feride Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Ecog Performance Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hyperprogressive Disease ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Although the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) became a vital part of cancer care, many patients do not respond to treatment. Some of the patients in this group, which is considered to have hyperprogressive disease (HPD), have a shorter overall survival compared to progressive disease (PD). Therefore, biomarkers are needed to differentiate between HPD and PD. Here, we evaluated PILE score to differentiate HPD from PD in patients treated with ICI. Methods Ninety-five patients treated with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 inhibitors for any type of cancer with progression according to RECIST criteria in the first control imaging were included. HPD was defined according to Russo's work. The PILE scoring system was calculated, including PIV (< median vs. ≥ median), LDH (normal and > normal), and ECOG performance status (0 vs. ≥ 1). The relationship between PILE score and HPD was examined. Results The median follow-up was 6.6 months and the median OS of all cohort were 11.18 ± 1.36 months. The patients in the HPD group had decreased OS (4.77 ± 0.89 vs. 13.94 ± 1.80 months, p <0.001) and PFS (1.89 ± 0.11 vs. 3.16 ± 0.12 months, p <0.001) compared to PD group. The risk of HPD was higher than the risk of PD in patİents with a high PILE score (p:0.001). Conclusion In this study, we showed that patients treated with ICI with a higher PILE score are at greater risk for HPD. If prospective studies confirm our results, the PILE score may be a biomarker to differentiate HPD from PD.

scholarly journals Hematocrit levels and thrombotic events in patients with polycythemia vera: an analysis of Veterans Health Administration data

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 2533-2539
Author(s):  
Shreekant Parasuraman ◽  
Jingbo Yu ◽  
Dilan Paranagama ◽  
Sulena Shrestha ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Veterans Health Administration ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Patients with polycythemia vera (PV) have a high incidence of thrombotic events (TEs), contributing to a greater mortality risk than the general population. The relationship between hematocrit (HCT) levels and TE occurrence among patients with PV from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) was evaluated to replicate findings of the CYTO-PV trial with a real-world patient population. This retrospective study used VHA medical record and claims data from the first claim with a PV diagnosis (index) until death, disenrollment, or end of study, collected between October 1, 2005, and September 30, 2012. Patients were aged ≥ 18 years at index, had ≥ 2 claims for PV (ICD-9-CM code, 238.4) ≥ 30 days apart during the identification period, continuous health plan enrollment from 12 months pre-index until end of study, and ≥ 3 HCT measurements per year during follow-up. This analysis focused on patients with no pre-index TE, and with all HCT values either < 45% or ≥ 45% during the follow-up period. The difference in TE risk between HCT groups was assessed using unadjusted Cox regression models based on time to first TE. Patients (N = 213) were mean (SD) age 68.9 (11.5) years, 98.6% male, and 61.5% white. TE rates for patients with HCT values < 45% versus ≥ 45% were 40.3% and 54.2%, respectively. Among patients with ≥ 1 HCT before TE, TE risk hazard ratio was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.03–2.51; P = 0.036). This analysis of the VHA population further supports effective monitoring and control of HCT levels < 45% to reduce TE risk in patients with PV.

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