scholarly journals Screening of some weed extracts for ovicidal and larvicidal activities against dengue vector Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Torawane ◽  
Ramnath Andhale ◽  
Radhakrishna Pandit ◽  
Digambar Mokat ◽  
Samadhan Phuge
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Larvicidal Activities

Abstract Background The use of plant-based formulations is an easy and economical method to control insect pests. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate ovicidal and larvicidal potential of ethanolic leaf extracts of four plants, Cyathocline purpurea, Blumea lacera, Neanotis lancifolia, and Neanotis montholonii, and their effects on gut histology of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. We identified the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extracts of these plants by LC-MS analysis. The eggs and larvae of A. aegypti were exposed to four concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/mL) of crude ethanol extracts for different time durations. We observed egg hatching for 48 h, mortality, and gut histology of the 3rd instar larvae after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatments. Results LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various active compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids in the ethanol extracts of all these plants. The extracts of all plants showed ovicidal activity. The extracts of C. purpurea showed the highest larvicidal activity (LC50 at 72 h = 0.088 mg/mL) followed by B. lacera (LC50 at 72 h = 0.758 mg/mL) while N. lancifolia and N. montholonii extracts did not show significant larvicidal activity. All plant extracts affected gut morphology in concentration and treatment duration-dependent manner. The plant extracts used in the present study have ovicidal properties and affected the gut histology of A. aegypti larvae. Conclusion These results suggest that C. purpurea has the highest larvicidal activity against A. aegypti larvae and can be further evaluated for application purposes.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Impact of Some Local Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Aedes Aegypti (L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
MG Sharower ◽  
MA Latif
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Larvicidal Activities

The larvicidal potential of different solvent (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol) crude leaf extracts of five plants (Blepharis maderaspatensis, Elaeagnus indica, Maesa indica, Phyllanthus wightianus and Memecylon edule) were tested against the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. All the tested extracts showed moderate to good larvicidal activities. However, the maximum larval mortality was detected in acetone extract of E. indica (LC50 90.89, LC90 217.21 and LC99 441.88 ppm) followed by M. indica acetone extract (LC50 173.21, LC90 289.86 and LC99 441.04 ppm). The results revealed that larvicidal properties of the four selected plants and encourages further investigation for the bioactive compounds that might possess good larvicidal properties in pure form. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 61-67, June 2018

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Epaltes divaricata (L.) n-Hexane Extracts and Their Major Metabolites against the Lepidopteran Pests Spodoptera litura (fab.) and Dengue Mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linn.)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3695
Author(s):  
Kesavan Amala ◽  
Sengodan Karthi ◽  
Raja Ganesan ◽  
Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan ◽  
Kumaraswamy Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present research investigated the chemical characterization and insecticidal activity of n-Hexane extracts of Epaltes divaricata (NH-EDx) along with their chief derivatives n-Hexadecanoic acid (n-HDa) and n-Octadecanoic acid (n-ODa) against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura. Chemical screening of NH-EDx through GC–MS analysis delivered nine major derivatives, and the maximum peak area percentage was observed in n-Hexadecanoic acid (14.63%) followed by n-Octadecadienoic acid (6.73%). The larvicidal activity of NH-EDx (1000 ppm), n-HDa (5 ppm), and n-ODa (5 ppm) against the A. aegypti and S. litura larvae showed significant mortality rate in a dose-dependent way across all the instars. The larvicidal activity was profound in the A. aegypti as compared to the S. litura across all the larval instars. The sublethal dosages of NH-EDx (500 ppm), n-HDa (2.5 ppm), and n-ODa (2.5 ppm) also showed alterations in the larval/pupal durations and adult longevity in both the insect pests. The enzyme activity revealed that the α- and β-carboxylesterase levels were decreased significantly in both the insect pests, whereas the levels of GST and CYP450 uplifted in a dose-dependent manner of NH-EDx, n-HDa, and n-ODa. Correspondingly, midgut tissues such as the epithelial layer (EL), gut lumen (GL), peritrophic matrix (Pm), and brush border membrane (BBM) were significantly altered in their morphology across both A. aegypti and S. litura against the NH-EDx and their bioactive metabolites. NH-EDx and their bioactive metabolites n-HDa and n-ODa showed significant larvicidal, growth retardant, enzyme inhibition, and midgut toxicity effects against two crucial agriculturally and medically challenging insect pest of ecological importance.

LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SOME CERRADO PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. S. RODRIGUES ◽  
J. E. DE PAULA ◽  
N. DEGALLIER ◽  
J. F. MOLEZ ◽  
L. S. ESPÍNDOLA
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts

scholarly journals LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Caesalpinia ferrea MART. AND Lippia origanoides CHAM. AGAINST Aedes aegypti (LINNAEUS, 1762) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Thiago Andre Santos de Andrade ◽  
Ivanise Maria de Santana ◽  
George Chaves Jimenez ◽  
Eulina Tereza Nery Farias ◽  
Lucia Oliveira de Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The control of Aedes aegypti has been considered one of the most important public health challenges worldwide. Chemical compounds have long been used for this purpose, but resistance to these molecules has also increased. Therefore, over the last few years several studies have focused on the development of alternative tools, particularly those based on plant metabolites. The purpose of this study was to assess the larvicidal activity of Caesalpinia ferrea and Lippia origanoides against Ae. aegypti. Larvae (L3) of Ae. aegypti Liverpool and Rockefeller strains, as well as of the Recife population were exposed to different concentrations  of C. ferrea (ranging from 13.1 to 105 mg/mL) and L. origanoides (ranging from 16.3 to 130 mg/mL), and the mortality rate was evaluated up to 48 hours after the beginning of the experiment. All tested groups and  ontrol group were quadruplicated. For C. ferrea, mortality ranged from 42.5% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Liverpool strain,from 67% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Rockfeller strain, and 57% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Recife population after 48 hours of larval exposure. For L. origanoides, the larvicidal activity ranged from 75% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Liverpool strain, from 61.5% to 100% for Ae. aegypti Rockfeller strain, and from 60.5% to 100% for Ae.aegypti Recife population. The hydro ethanol extract of C. ferrea and L. origanoides presented larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti.KEY WORDS: Aedes aegypti; hydro ethanol extracts; Caesalpinia ferrea; Lippia sidoides; botanical insecticide; mosquitoes.

Larvicidal activity of some Euphorbiaceae plant extracts against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abdul Rahuman ◽  
Geetha Gopalakrishnan ◽  
P. Venkatesan ◽  
Kannappan Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus

scholarly journals Acaricidal activity of extracts from different structures of Piper tuberculatum against larvae and adults of Rhipicephalus microplus

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Andrina Guimarães Silva BRAGA ◽  
Krishna Ferri Alencar de SOUZA ◽  
Fabio da Silva BARBIERI ◽  
Cleberson de Freitas FERNANDES ◽  
Rodrigo Barros ROCHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Promising Source

ABSTRACT The strategies to control the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus are based mainly on the use of synthetic pesticides. However, the emergence, establishment, and development of resistance of ticks is rendering the main chemical groups ineffective. Finding new molecules to effectively control infestations by R. microplus is necessary to maintain the productivity of cattle herds, particularly of taurine breeds established in equatorial and tropical regions of the world. Ethanol extracts from the leaves, stems, and fruits of Piper tuberculatum were evaluated in bioassays at concentrations of 50, 25, 12.50, 6.25, 3.12 and 1.56 mg mL-1. The concentrations lethal to 50% of the individuals (LC50) of tick larvae after 24 hours of exposure were 3.62, 3.99 and 5.30 mg mL-1 for fruit, stem and leaf extracts, respectively. Against the engorged females, the highest efficacy rates were obtained at the concentration of 50 mg mL-1, corresponding to 71.57%, 68.38% and 37.03% of the fruit, leaf and stem extracts, respectively. The main effect of the ethanol extracts was on the egg hatching rate of ticks, with a reduction of 55.63% for the fruit and leaf extracts, and 20.82% for the stem extract. The results show that P. tuberculatum is a promising source of molecules for use as active ingredients in pesticide formulations for R. microplus control.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Aloe vera Gel and Water-leaf Extracts for Removal of Egg Adhesiveness during Artificial Propagation of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchel 1822)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
S. J. Fawehinmi ◽  
O. T. Adebayo ◽  
O. K. Gbadamosi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Immersion Period

The paper aims to study the best immersion period and concentration of the plant extracts under study (water-leaf and Aloe vera gel) that can efficiently remove egg adhesiveness of Clarias gariepinus. Data generated were subjected to Multivariate Analysis of Variance Test, Tukey multiple range tests was used as a follow up procedure. Third order Polynomial regression analysis was then used to determine the best concentration and immersion period that neutralizes adhesiveness in eggs of C. gariepinus. The experiment was carried out at The Teaching and Research Fish Farm, Federal University of Technology, Akure, between October 2018 to December 2018. One male and one female C. gariepinus brood stock weighing 1.0 kg and 1.3 kg, respectively were used for the experiment. Three different concentrations (1, 3, and 5)% of the plant extracts were used. 2 g of urea diluted in 4 g NaCl/L of water was used as reference de-adhesion agent, while water without urea solution nor plant extracts was used as control. The fish eggs were rinsed with the solutions at different durations of 1, 3 and 5 minutes. Each concentration and rinsing time was recorded in duplicates. Results of the study showed that there were no significant differences (p=0.05) in the non-adhesive egg hatching of eggs immersed in Aloe vera gel and Urea solution. Number of non-adhesive egg and hatching increased in waterleaf extract which was significantly different (P=0.05) from eggs immersed in Aloe vera gel and water but not significantly different from urea solution. Therefore this study shows that waterleaf extract at 1% concentration and 1 minute immersion period can efficiently remove egg adhesiveness and increase hatching in C. gariepinus.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Efficacy and GC-MS Analysis of Hyptis suaveolens Leaf Extracts against Anopheles Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Y. D. Dakum ◽  
C. N. Amajoh ◽  
A. Ombugadu ◽  
G. Istifanus ◽  
F. Agwom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract

Mosquitoes are the most important group of insects in terms of public health importance, which transmit serious human diseases. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides to control these mosquitoes causes development of resistance in vector species, and an adverse effect on environmental quality and non-target organisms including human health. Therefore, the use of active toxic agents from plant extracts as alternative mosquito control strategy cannot be over emphasized, as these are non-toxic, easily available at affordable prices, biodegradable and show target - specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of H. suaveolens against the fourth instars larvae of Anopheles species. Standard WHO protocols was adopted for the larvicidal bioassay. Larvicidal activity was evaluated at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/L. The larval mortality was observed after 24 and 48hours bioassay. The results are mean of three replicates and the mortalities recorded were subjected to chi-square test and probit analysis to determine median lethal concentrations (LC50). TheGC-MS analysis ofthe methanolic leaf extract of the plantrevealed the presence of twelve compounds on the chromatogram. Among the major compounds areOleic Acid (33.33%), Octadecanoic acid (13.52%), 1,3-Cyclohexadiene-1-methanol,alpha.,2,6,6-(10.42%), 1,3-Cyclopentanediol, trans (9.60%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (9.01%) and 4-Hepten-3-one, 4-methyl (7.0%).The phytochemical screening of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of the plant revealed the presence of Tannins, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Carbohydrates, Cardiac glycoside and resins. The LC50 values estimated were 316.22mg/Lfor methanol extract and 323.59 mg/L for aqueous extract. The differences between the two extracts were however not significantly different at P>0.05. The findings also revealed that mortality was concentration dependent and both extracts showed promising larvicidal activity against Anopheles species larvae. Therefore, the crude leaf extract of the plant is recommended to be used as alternative to synthetic larvicides and further research is needed to test the activity of the plant on non-target organisms.

scholarly journals Identification of Tropical Plant Extracts That Extend Yeast Chronological Life Span

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Mandy Mun Yee Kwong ◽  
Jee Whu Lee ◽  
Mohammed Razip Samian ◽  
Habibah A. Wahab ◽  
Nobumoto Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Chronological Life Span ◽  
Dose Dependent

Certain plant extracts (PEs) contain bioactive compounds that have antioxidant and lifespan-extending activities on organisms. These PEs play different roles in cellular processes, such as enhancing stress resistance and modulating longevity-defined signaling pathways that contribute to longevity. Here, we report the discovery of PEs that extended chronological life span (CLS) in budding yeast from a screen of 222 PEs. We identified two PEs, the leaf extracts of Manihot esculenta and Wodyetia bifurcata that extended CLS in a dose-dependent manner. The CLS-extending PEs also conferred oxidative stress tolerance, suggesting that these PEs might extend yeast CLS through the upregulation of stress response pathways.

scholarly journals Effect of stalk and leaf extracts from Euphorbiaceae species on Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Goretti Araújo de Lima ◽  
Ismália Cassandra Costa Maia ◽  
Bruna Dantas de Sousa ◽  
Selene Maia de Morais ◽  
Sílvia Maria Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Different Parts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oil aqueous solutions (hydrolates) obtained by steam distillation of stalks and leaves of Croton argyrophylloides, Croton nepetaefolius, Croton sonderianus and Croton zehntneri against Aedes aegypti larvae. Twenty-five larvae of third instar were placed in plastic beckers, containing the hydrolates (50 mL), in a four repetitions scheme. Water was used as control and the number of dead larvae was counted after 24 hours. The data obtained were submitted to Variance Analysis and Tukey test. Significant differences were observed among the hydrolates from different species and from different parts of each plant (p < 0.001). The hydrolates of stalk and leaf from C. nepetaefolius and C. zehntneri and leaf hydrolate of C. argyrophylloides presented 100% mortality against larvae. The compounds present in C. zenhtneri and C. nepetaefolius are oxygenated phenylpropanoids that are more soluble in water than the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes detected in the oils of C. argyrophylloides and C. sonderianus. This study showed that all species analyzed presented compounds with larvicidal properties, with differences between each plant parts.

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