scholarly journals Socio-technical modeling of smart energy systems: a co-simulation design for domestic energy demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Barsanti ◽  
Jan Sören Schwarz ◽  
Lionel Guy Gérard Constantin ◽  
Pranay Kasturi ◽  
Claudia R. Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Smart Energy Systems ◽  
Domestic Energy

AbstractTo tackle the climate crisis, the European energy strategy relies on consumers taking ownership of the energy transition, accelerating decarbonisation through investments in low-carbon technologies and ensuring system stability and reliability by actively participating in the market. Therefore, tools are needed to better understand an increasingly complex and actor-dense energy system, tracking socio-technical dynamics that occur at its margins and then predicting the effects on larger scales. Yet, existing domestic energy demand models are not flexible enough to incorporate a wide range of socio-technical factors, and to be incorporated into larger energy system simulation environments. Here, a co-simulation design for domestic energy demand modeling is presented and motivated on the basis of four design principles: granularity, scalability, modularity and transparency. Microsimulation of domestic energy demand, through the Python open source library demod, shows that it is possible to achieve high detail and high temporal resolution without compromising scalability. Furthermore, mosaik, an open source co-simulation framework, makes it possible to generate, integrate and orchestrate a multitude of demod-based instances with other independent models, which for the illustrative purposes of this study are represented by a heat pump model. The authors hope that the detailed documentation of the proposed solution will encourage interdisciplinary and collaborative efforts to develop a simulation ecosystem capable of investigating alternative energy transition pathways and evaluating policy interventions through the socio-technical lens.

Primary Energy System Chain Security Under the Energy Transition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamah Alsayegh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
System Security ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Abstract This paper examines the energy transition consequences on the oil and gas energy system chain as it propagates from net importing through the transit to the net exporting countries (or regions). The fundamental energy system security concerns of importing, transit, and exporting regions are analyzed under the low carbon energy transition dynamics. The analysis is evidence-based on diversification of energy sources, energy supply and demand evolution, and energy demand management development. The analysis results imply that the energy system is going through technological and logistical reallocation of primary energy. The manifestation of such reallocation includes an increase in electrification, the rise of energy carrier options, and clean technologies. Under healthy and normal global economic growth, the reallocation mentioned above would have a mild effect on curbing the oil and gas primary energy demands growth. A case study concerning electric vehicles, which is part of the energy transition aspect, is presented to assess its impact on the energy system, precisely on the fossil fuel demand. Results show that electric vehicles are indirectly fueled, mainly from fossil-fired power stations through electric grids. Moreover, oil byproducts use in the electric vehicle industry confirms the reallocation of the energy system components' roles. The paper's contribution to the literature is the portrayal of the energy system security state under the low carbon energy transition. The significance of this representation is to shed light on the concerns of the net exporting, transit, and net importing regions under such evolution. Subsequently, it facilitates the development of measures toward mitigating world tensions and conflicts, enhancing the global socio-economic wellbeing, and preventing corruption.

scholarly journals The Potential Of Simulating Energy Systems: The Multi Energy Systems Simulator Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Bottecchia ◽  
Pietro Lubello ◽  
Pietro Zambelli ◽  
Carlo Carcasci ◽  
Lukas Kranzl
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Energy System ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Energy System Model ◽  
Urban Level

Energy system modelling is an essential practice to assist a set of heterogeneous stakeholders in the process of defining an effective and efficient energy transition. From the analysis of a set of open source energy system models, it has emerged that most models employ an approach directed at finding the optimal solution for a given set of constraints. On the contrary, a simulation model is a representation of a system that is used to reproduce and understand its behaviour under given conditions, without seeking an optimal solution. Given the lack of simulation models that are also fully open source, in this paper a new open source energy system model is presented. The developed tool, called Multi Energy Systems Simulator (MESS), is a modular, multi-node model that allows to investigate non optimal solutions by simulating the energy system. The model has been built having in mind urban level analyses. However, each node can represent larger regions allowing wider spatial scales to be be represented as well. MESS is capable of performing analysis on systems composed by multiple energy carriers (e.g. electricity, heat, fuels). In this work, the tool’s features will be presented by a comparison between MESS itself and an optimization model, in order to analyze and highlight the differences between the two approaches, the potentialities of a simulation tool and possible areas for further development.

scholarly journals Operational and financial performance of fossil fuel power plants within a high renewable energy mix

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2BIOTO ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Eser ◽  
Ndaona Chokani ◽  
Reza S. Abhari
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coal Power Plants

AbstractThe operation of conventional power plants in the 2030 high-renewable energy system of central Europe with high penetration of renewables is simulated in this work. Novel insights are gained in this work, since the generation, transmission and demand models have high geographic resolution, down to scale of individual units, with hourly temporal resolution. It is shown that the increases in the partload efficiency that optimize gas power plants’ financial performance in 2030 are highly dependent on the variability in power production of renewable power plants that are in close proximity to the gas power plants. While coal power plants are also cycled more, an increased baseload efficiency is more beneficial for their financial viability. Thus, there is a need for OEMs to offer a wide range of technology solutions to cover all customers’ needs in electricity markets with high penetrations of renewables. Therefore there is an increased investment risk for OEMs as they strive to match their customers’ future needs.

scholarly journals Big Data in Smart Energy Systems: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (41) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Keziban Seçkin Codal ◽  
İzzet Arı ◽  
H. Kemal İlter
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Smart Energy Systems ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is an undeniable fact. Considering that two-thirds of greenhouse gas emissions originate from the energy sector, it is expected that the world's energy system will be transformed with renewable energy sources. Energy efficiency will be continuously increased. Reducing energy-related carbon dioxide emissions is the heart of the energy transition. Big data in energy systems play a crucial role in evaluating the adaptive capacity and investing more smartly to manage energy demand and supply. Indeed, the impact of the smart energy grid and meters on smart energy systems provide and assist decision-makers in transforming energy production, consumption, and communities. This study reviews the literature for aligning big data and smart energy systems and criticized according to regional perspective, period, disciplines, big data characteristics, and used data analytics. The critical review has been categorized into present themes. The results address issues, including scientific studies using data analysis techniques that take into account the characteristics of big data in the smart energy literature and the future of smart energy approaches. The manuscripts on big data in smart energy systems are a promising issue, albeit it is essential to expand subjects through comprehensive interdisciplinary studies

scholarly journals The Potential of Simulating Energy Systems: The Multi Energy Systems Simulator Model

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5724
Author(s):  
Luigi Bottecchia ◽  
Pietro Lubello ◽  
Pietro Zambelli ◽  
Carlo Carcasci ◽  
Lukas Kranzl
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Energy System Model ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Realistic Description

Energy system modelling is an essential practice to assist a set of heterogeneous stakeholders in the process of defining an effective and efficient energy transition. From the analysis of a set of open-source energy system models, it emerged that most models employ an approach directed at finding the optimal solution for a given set of constraints. On the contrary, a simulation model is a representation of a system used to reproduce and understand its behaviour under given conditions without seeking an optimal solution. In this paper, a new open-source energy system model is presented. Multi Energy Systems Simulator (MESS) is a modular, multi-energy carrier, multi-node model that allows the investigation of non optimal solutions by simulating an energy system. The model was built for urban level analyses. However, each node can represent larger regions allowing wider spatial scales to be represented as well. In this work, the tool’s features are presented through a comparison between MESS and Calliope, a state of the art optimization model, to analyse and highlight the differences between the two approaches, the potentialities of a simulation tool and possible areas for further development. The two models produced coherent results, showing differences that were tracked down to the different approaches. Based on the comparison conducted, general conclusions were drawn on the potential of simulating energy systems in terms of a more realistic description of smaller energy systems, lower computational times and increased opportunity for participatory processes in planning urban energy systems.

scholarly journals How much energy storage can we afford? On the need for a sunflower society, aligning demand with renewable supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Desing ◽  
Rolf Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Storage Demand ◽  
Storage Technologies

Our society has become accustomed to demanding energy whenever we want it. When decarbonising the energy system, this becomes a fundamental challenge due to the extent of energy storage required for matching the intermittent renewable supply to society's current demand. Available energy storage technologies are energetically expensive either to build - like batteries - or to operate - like synthetic fuels. Due to these energetic costs, requiring more storage leads to a slower energy transition and consequently higher climate risks. This paper explores the energy implications of adding energy storage to fast and complete energy transition pathways. Technological innovation can mitigate the problem to some extent by focusing on reduced energy intensity of storage alongside with improved turnaround efficiency. Most influential is, however, the extent of storage that we want: reducing storage demand greatly accelerates the transition and therefore reduces the induced probability of violating 1.5°C peak heating. In addition, it can immediately be implemented with readily available and scalable technologies. However, it requires a fundamental rethinking of the way we use energy in society: aligning energy demand with renewable supply as best as we can. Following the course of the sun, just like sunflowers do, we need to schedule our most energy-intensive activities around midday and summer, while reducing demand during night and winter. The sunflower society has the potential to accelerate climate action and therewith reduce climate risks.

scholarly journals Decentralised Control and Peer-To-Peer Cooperation in Smart Energy Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Geert Deconinck
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
System Change ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
Smart Energy Systems ◽  
Peer To Peer Networks ◽  
Decentralised Control ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn order to achieve a decarbonised energy system, change has to happen from electricity generation to the transmission grid over the distribution level all the way down to the industrial loads and the local households. To get involvement of communities in this energy transition, local participation is needed, so that the citizens can be aware of the impact of their energy-related actions on environment and climate. However, the energy system has typically been organised in a top-down fashion, with centralised approaches and little active control, resulting in passive grid and ditto customers. Smart grids have put active customers and consumer engagement as one of the cornerstones of a more intelligent energy infrastructure, which can be organised differently. Indeed, in different niches decentralised approaches have been used successfully (decoupled microgrids, peer-to-peer networks, etc.). This chapter explores how decentralised approaches can fit the future energy system and how it can empower people for engaging in the energy transition.

scholarly journals Hydrogen application technologies and environmentally friendly smart energy system

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Van Nhu Nguyen ◽  
Nhu Tung Truong ◽  
Van Thinh Dinh ◽  
Viet Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Technology Barriers ◽  
Smart Energy Systems ◽  
Hydrogen Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Transition Strategies ◽  
Hydrogen Safety

Climate change and fossil fuel depletion are the main reasons for many countries around the world to develop and implement energy transition strategies. Being a very clean burning fuel (generating steam only), hydrogen will play an important role in the transition from fossil energy to CO2-free energy. The paper introduces recent advances of hydrogen technology applied in transportation, industry, and power generation in the world; challenges regarding hydrogen safety and technology; barriers in social perception; and some recommendations for the development of hydrogen technology and environmentally friendly smart energy systems in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Reducing climate risks with fast and complete energy transitions: applying the precautionary principle to the Paris agreement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Desing ◽  
Rolf Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Precautionary Principle ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Precautionary Principle ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
System A ◽  
Prior Consent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transition Pathways ◽  
Climate Action

Averting the climate catastrophe requires the transformation of the energy system. A wide range of energy transition pathways are being explored in literature, which limit peak heating during this century as likely as not to 2°C or 1.5°C. Growing understanding of the Earth system suggests that peak heating beyond 1.5°C may be an existential threat to the biosphere and therefore also humanity. Transitions that exceed this vital threshold with a high probability expose future generations to substantial risks without their prior consent. Here we advocate the precautionary principle and explore with a minimal energy transition model the energy requirements to minimize climate risks. Fast and complete transitions are energetically possible when temporarily increasing fossil emissions above current levels for the sole purpose of accelerating the growth of renewable energy capacity. This reduces the probability to exceed 1.5°C peak heating at best to 20%, highlighting the urgency for climate action.

scholarly journals Hydro–Connected Floating PV Renewable Energy System and Onshore Wind Potential in Zambia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5330
Author(s):  
Kumbuso Joshua Nyoni ◽  
Anesu Maronga ◽  
Paul Gerard Tuohy ◽  
Agabu Shane
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Onshore Wind ◽  
Wind Potential

The adoption of a diversification strategy of the energy mix to include low-water consumption technologies, such as floating photovoltaics (FPV) and onshore wind turbines, would improve the resilience of the Zambian hydro-dependent power system, thereby addressing the consequences of climate change and variability. Four major droughts that were experienced in the past fifteen years in the country exacerbated the problems in load management strategies in the recent past. Against this background, a site appraisal methodology was devised for the potential of linking future and existing hydropower sites with wind and FPV. This appraisal was then applied in Zambia to all the thirteen existing hydropower sites, of which three were screened off, and the remaining ten were scored and ranked according to attribute suitability. A design-scoping methodology was then created that aimed to assess the technical parameters of the national electricity grid, hourly generation profiles of existing scenarios, and the potential of variable renewable energy generation. The results at the case study site revealed that the wind and FPV integration reduced the network’s real power losses by 5% and improved the magnitude profile of the voltage at nearby network buses. The onshore wind, along with FPV, also added 341 GWh/year to the national energy generation capacity to meet the 4.93 TWh annual energy demand, in the presence of 4.59 TWh of hydro with a virtual battery storage potential of approximately 7.4% of annual hydropower generation. This was achieved at a competitive levelized cost of electricity of GBP 0.055/kWh. Moreover, floating PV is not being presented as a competitor to ground-mounted systems, but rather as a complementary technology in specific applications (i.e., retrofitting on hydro reservoirs). This study should be extended to all viable water bodies, and grid technical studies should be conducted to provide guidelines for large-scale variable renewable energy source (VRES) integration, ultimately contributing to shaping a resilient and sustainable energy transition.

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