scholarly journals Developed channel propagation models and path loss measurements for wireless communication systems using regression analysis techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahia A. Zakaria ◽  
Ehab K. I. Hamad ◽  
A. S. Abd Elhamid ◽  
K. M. El-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Propagation Models

Abstract Background The development of powerful and flexible management addresses is due to the improvement of deeply reliable gadgets and the advancement of the concept of cellular. The cellular principle was a major way of solving the wavelength crowding problem and the user capacity. It offered high capacity without major technological changes with limited allocation in spectrum. Wireless communication is an innovation in media transmission that allows remote transmission in all types of terrain between convenient gadgets. For estimating a transmitter 's radio coverage area, propagation models that anticipate the mean signal strength for an arbitrary transmitter–receiver separation distance are crucial as they are called large-scale propagation models so even though they define the average signal strength over long periods of time and large distances from the transmitter. Results Developed propagation models are presented according to the measured path loss values in exemplary urban and suburban areas at the operating frequency of 3.5 ghz by using the regression analysis. The measurements are implemented by using a spectrum analyzer FSH6 to get the channel response as shown in the stated tables and graphs. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that the path loss could be calculated as a function of distance and during the practical measurements 32 m was precise as a presumption for the break point distance. The values of path loss exponent (n) are defined and calculated for both of urban and suburban regions. Measurements results are analyzed and compared in order to study their influence for every specific environment. It was noticed that any radio signal will suffer attenuation when it travels from the transmitter to the receiver as a variety of various phenomena give rise to this radio path loss. Conclusions The interaction between both the electromagnetic radiation and the environment tends to decrease the quality of the signal being sent from the transmitter to the destination which causes the loss of the path. Propagation models are the basis for channel estimation, as they attempt to identify how a radio transmission changes from the transmitter to the receiver throughout its path. The gained results from this research will be supportive for the arrangement of network planners and researchers as proof and directory materials before future location establishment.

scholarly journals A Study on Propagation Models for 60 GHz Signals in Indoor Environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Carneiro de Souza ◽  
Celso Henrique de Souza Lopes ◽  
Rita de Cassia Carlleti dos Santos ◽  
Arismar Cerqueira Sodré Junior ◽  
Luciano Leonel Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Millimeter Waves ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Propagation Models

The millimeter-waves band will enable multi-gigabit data transmission due to the large available bandwidth and it is a promising solution for the spectrum scarcity below 6 GHz in future generations of mobile networks. In particular, the 60 GHz band will play a crucial role in providing high-capacity data links for indoor applications. In this context, this tutorial presents a comprehensive review of indoor propagation models operating in the 60 GHz band, considering the main scenarios of interest. Propagation mechanisms such as reflection, diffraction, scattering, blockage, and material penetration, as well as large-scale path loss, are discussed in order to obtain a channel model for 60 GHz signals in indoor environments. Finally, comparisons were made using data obtained from a measurement campaign available in the literature in order to emphasize the importance of developing accurate channel models for future wireless communication systems operating in millimeter-waves bands.

scholarly journals Investigation of Empirical Wave Propagation Models in Precision Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 06020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sabri ◽  
Mohammed S. S ◽  
Sarah Fouad ◽  
Syed A. A ◽  
Fahad Taha AL-Dhief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Vegetation Models

Wireless Sensor Networks have highly proved its contribution in precision agriculture. Communication channel modelling investigation is a highly demanded to achieve a successful communication system where a good wave propagation model is crucially needed. Precision agriculture degrades the traveling waves in various forms in addition to the effects of the large-scale path losses models. This paper reviews the most known theoretical large-scale path losses models such as free space (FSPL) and Plane earth (PE) models as well as the vegetation models represented by Weissberger, ITU-R, FITU-R and COS235 models. Indeed, this work illustrates the effects of many factors on the total path losses such as separation distance between transceivers, antenna heights and the depth of vegetation that presence in the path propagation. In conclusion, the total path loss is computed based on large-scale path losses and the vegetation losses in protected vegetation environment.

Design and Implementation of an Efficient Parallel LFSR Architecture for Wireless Communication Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Suresh Babu ◽  
B. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Shift Register ◽  
Linear Feedback ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Coverage Area

: A Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) considers a linear function typically an XOR operation of the previous state as an input to the current state. This paper describes in detail the recent Wireless Communication Systems (WCS) and techniques related to LFSR. Cryptographic methods and reconfigurable computing are two different applications used in the proposed shift register with improved speed and decreased power consumption. Comparing with the existing individual applications, the proposed shift register obtained >15 to <=45% of decreased power consumption with 30% of reduced coverage area. Hence this proposed low power high speed LFSR design suits for various low power high speed applications, for example wireless communication. The entire design architecture is simulated and verified in VHDL language. To synthesis a standard cell library of 0.7um CMOS is used. A custom design tool has been developed for measuring the power. From the results, it is obtained that the cryptographic efficiency is improved regarding time and complexity comparing with the existing algorithms. Hence, the proposed LFSR architecture can be used for any wireless applications due to parallel processing, multiple access and cryptographic methods.

scholarly journals Design of Wireless Communication System to Cover Specific Area by Using HAPS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Kanar R. Tariq ◽  
Mohammed B. Majed ◽  
Zaid A. Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication System ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
The City ◽  
Mitigation Technique

This paper is meeting the principles of how to design coverage area for Sulaymaniyah city, using a new technology, which named HAPS. It started with small introduction for HAPS with its advantages, compare it with terrestrial and satellite systems, and specify requirements for design. Such as, specify the center of coverage area to find the coordinates. Then, supposed the coverage area for the city, elevation angle, and the location of earth stations which will connect HAPS with other networks and reduce the Interference with Fixed Services (FS) and Fixed Satellite Services (FSS).Mitigation technique of interference is given. Also, path loss and fading loss has been applied to meet the geographic of Sulaymaniyah city.

A Generic Method for the Reliable Calculation of Large-Scale Fading in an Obstacle-Dense Propagation Environment

2013 ◽  
pp. 256-277
Author(s):  
Theofilos Chrysikos ◽  
Stavros Kotsopoulos ◽  
Eduard Babulak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Shadow Fading ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Wireless Channel Modeling

The aim of this chapter is to summarize and present recent findings in the field of wireless channel modeling that provide a new method for the reliable calculation of the statistical parameters of large-scale variations of the average received signal (shadow fading). This algorithm is theoretically based on a path loss estimation model that incorporates losses due to walls and floors. This has been confirmed to be the most precise mathematical tool for average signal strength prediction for various frequencies of interest and propagation environments. The total path loss is estimated as a sum of two independent attenuation processes: free space loss and losses due to obstacles. This solution allows for a direct and reliable calculation of the deviation of the fluctuations of the average received signal in an obstacle-dense environment.

scholarly journals Propagation Model in Indoor and Outdoor for the LTE Communications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Kuk Noh ◽  
DongYou Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
5G Mobile Communication ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Rapidly rising demand for radio communication and the explosion in the number of mobile communications service subscribers have led to the need for optimization in the development of fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems. Previous studies on the development of propagation models considering a propagation environment in the existing microwave band have been mainly focused on analyzing the propagation characteristics with regard to large-scale factors such as path losses, delay propagation, and angle diffusions. In this paper, we investigated the concept of spatial and time changes ratios in the measurement of wave propagations and measured RSRP of Long Term Evolution (LTE) signals at three locations considering the time rate of 1% and 50%. We confirmed the concept of spatial and time changes rate based on the results of analyzing the signal data measured and proposed the propagation models 1 and 2 in microcell downtown. The forecast results using proposed models 1 and 2 were better than the COST231 model in both indoor and outdoor measured places. It was predicted between a time rate of 1% and 50% indoor within 400m and outdoor within 200m. In the future, we will study the propagation model of 5G mobile communication as well as the current 4G communication using artificial intelligence technology.

scholarly journals Outdoor Radio Propagation Model Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Kakkar ◽  
Amarah Zahra ◽  
Hritwik Todawat ◽  
Vaishnawi Singh ◽  
Farhana Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Ga Algorithm ◽  
Optimum Path ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Radio Propagation Model

Path loss which is one of the main issues in wireless communication system and has been studied for long time. With the tremendous increase in demand in wireless technology, this Path loss needs to be optimized. Therefore, it is very important to analyse these different propagation models in order to get some useful information out and develop a system based on it. This is done to get the optimum path loss from different models. These are useful tools which makes the designers capable of designing a wireless system with great efficiency. In pursuit of the same, this paper attempts to optimize free space propagation model and hata model using GA algorithm, and shows a comparison by putting them side by side. This paper gives an insight of comparison between free space and Hata model in wireless communication taking different propagation environments into consideration.

scholarly journals Communication of Sensor Data in Underground Mining Environments: An Evaluation of Wireless Signal Quality over Distance

Mining ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223
Author(s):  
Hajime Ikeda ◽  
Oluwafemi Kolade ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Mahboob ◽  
Frederick Thomas Cawood ◽  
Youhei Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Stress Monitoring ◽  
Risk Management Process

The technologies of the fourth industrial revolution have the potential to make zero harm possible for the first time in the history of mining. In the journey toward zero harm, rock stress monitoring systems are important for the risk management process. Although communication systems for underground mining have improved significantly over the past two decades, it remains difficult to achieve reliable-all-the-time wireless communication in ultra-deep level underground mines. The aim of this study is to explore and test a smart phone network for communicating sensor data from the underground production environment to the surface. In this paper, the evaluation and performance over distance of a wireless communication system is performed in underground mining environments. The wireless system transmits the data collected from a sensor installed in a narrow reef stope, horizontal tunnel, and vertical shaft area of a mock underground mine. The evaluation was performed using the received signal strength of a mobile receiver over distance. The path loss coefficients of the underground mining environment were then derived for the measurement areas. The results show that a communication speed of 80 Mbps was achieved in a 60 m range, thus, indicating the potential for the support of applications requiring higher data rates.

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