scholarly journals Blood chemistry of West African dwarf goats fed treated maize cob- and maize husk-based diets with mixture of microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys Abiemwense Ibhaze ◽  
Gbenga Enobong Ogunjemite ◽  
Adebowale Noah Fajemisin
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Background Twenty-four West African Dwarf (WAD) goats with average weight of 6.57 ± 0.56 kg were used in investigating the effect of microbial-treated maize cob and husk diets on blood profile. The goats were assigned to six dietary treatments replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Chopped maize cobs and husks were sterilized for 60 min to eliminate any form of contamination and then inoculated with mixture of 15 ml each of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Neurospora crassa and incubated anaerobically for 5 days and then air-dried. The treated maize cob and husk were incorporated in the diets at the rate of 0% (diet), 20% (diet B), 30% (diet C) [maize cob diets], and 0% (diet D), 20% (diet E), 30% (diet F) [maize husk diets], respectively. The animals were acclimatized for two weeks while the experimental period lasted for 56 days. A completely randomized design was adopted. Results The results showed that the dietary treatments significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the erythrocyte sedimentation rate which ranged from 0.50 to 1.00 mm/hr. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in the globulin (28.16 g/dl diet A—59.26 g/dl diet B), aspartate aminotransferase (48.00 u/l diet E—128. 25 u/l diet C) and alanine aminotransferase (8.20 u/l diet A—33.33 u/l diet D). Serum electrolytes values were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, microbial-treated maize cob and husk diets supported erythropoiesis did not induce any liver damage and the serum electrolytes of the animals were improved. Hence, microbial-treated maize cob and husk can be a suitable alternative feed source at 30% incorporation in a complete diet for WAD goats as adverse implications on the health of the animals was not observed.

Performance and blood indices of West African dwarf goats fed graded levels of malted sorghum sprout with enzyme supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
A. O. Adekanbi ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka ◽  
A. O. Oni ◽  
K. B. Jinadu ◽  
B. J. Adebayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
West African ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Malted sorghum sprout (MSP) is an agro-industrial by-products rich in organic nitrogen and amino acids which can be used to enhance ruminant nutrition. A study was conducted to assess the nutritive value of MSP as supplementary on the performance characteristics and blood profile of West African dwarf (WAD) goats. MSP was collected, air-dried and then incorporated at different inclusion levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30% to formulate four dietary treatments T , T , T and T , respectively, with T - T being supplemented with Roxazyme G2 1 2 3 4 2 4 enzyme at 0.5g/kg. Twelve WAD bucks with an average weight of 7±0.5kg were assigned into four dietary treatments with three bucks per treatment in a completely randomized design over a period of 84 days. Data were obtained on performance characteristics, haematological and serum biochemical indices. Performance characteristics showed that average concentrate consumed (229.04g/day) and average daily weight gain (44.44 g/day) of WAD goats were significantly (P?0.05) higher in goats fed 20% MSP with enzyme supplementation. Dietary MSP with enzyme supplementation significantly (P?0.05) influenced the total protein (TP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) across the treatments. 3 3 TP (7.05g/dL) and WBC (7.88 x 10 /mm ) were significantly (P?0.05) higher in goats fed 20% MSP while globulin values increased significantly (P?0.05) across the dietary treatments (3.94 – 5.05g/dL) and is within the normal levels expected of healthy goats. It is concluded that dietary MSP with enzyme supplementation at 20% improved the performance, hematological and serum biochemical indicess of WAD goats without any adverse effects.

Growth performance and blood profile of West African dwarf goats fed urea treatedwild cocoyam (Colocasia esculentum) mea

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
O. Y. Adedeji ◽  
S. O. Odukoya ◽  
O. M. Odetola ◽  
O. A. Awodele ◽  
A. A. Saka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Wild cocoyam is a non edible plant found growing around riversides and can serve as source of energy to ruminants. Hence, a twelve weeks study was conducted to investigate the effect of wild cocoyam – urea meal on the growth performance and blood profile of West African dwarf (WAD) goats. Twelve WAD goats with an average weight of 7.25 ± 0.04kg were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments: T1 (raw wild cocoyam), T2 (urea treated wild cocoyam), T3 (urea treated cooked wild cocoyam) and T4 (urea treated fermented wild cocoyam), replicated thrice in a completely randomized design. Results obtained showed that the experimental diets significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the growth performance. Goats fed urea treated cooked wild cocoyam had the best feed conversion ratio (10.35), the highest values of dry matter intake (405.35 g/day) and daily weight gain (39.17 g/day) when compared to other dietary treatments. The dietary treatments did not significantly (p < 0.05) influence the haematological parameters except the red blood cells (9.62 - 11.67×106 mm3),white blood cells (4.07-9.05×106 mm3) and monocytes (1.00-2.50%). No significant (p>0.05) differences among the dietary treatments were observed in all the serum biochemical indices evaluated except for urea which ranged from 15.50 – 28.70mg/dl. It can therefore be concluded that addition of urea with processing, further improved the utilization of the experimental diets thus improving performance of the animals.

Growth performance of weaner rabbits on diets containing varying levels of dried okra leaves (Abelmoschus esculentus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
A. A. Imade ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka ◽  
V. A. Jegede ◽  
O. Y. Ayo-Ajasa ◽  
B. B. Sarumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The need to seek for alternative feed materials with nutritional and medicinal values to support livestock growth necessitated this study. Forty-five unsexed rabbits crosses (Chinchilla × Newzealand white) 5- 6 weeks old with average weight of 720g were used in a 10- week feeding trial to evaluate the performance of growing rabbits fed on varying levels of dried okra leaves. The rabbits were assigned into five treatment groups containing dried okra leaves (DOL) at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% inclusion levels for dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) respectively. Each treatment consisted of 9 rabbits and replicated thrice with each replicate consisting of 3 rabbits in a completely randomized design. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results indicated that daily feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) largest in rabbits fed 5.00% inclusion level of dried okra leaves (84.57g) and least in rabbits fed 0.00% level of inclusion of dried okra leaves (72.12g). Feed efficiency (FE) was poorest (P<0.05) in rabbits fed 10.00% DOL (0.15%) and best (0.20%) in rabbits fed 2.50% dried okra leaves. It was concluded that okra leaves can be included in diets for growing rabbits and 2.50% level of dried okra leaves inclusion is recommended for adoption by farmers to maximize profit.

West African dwarf goats utilized bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal as feed supplement

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
A. O. Olosunde ◽  
S. M. Odeyinka
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This studywas carried out to determine the utilization and the optimumlevel of offer of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal (BLM) by West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. In a 20-week trial, twenty four WAD goats of both sexes, 5-7 months old, were randomly allotted to four treatments of graded levels of BLM(0% BLM(Control diet), 15% BLM, 30% BLMand 45% BLMdiets) in a completely randomized design to determine the utilization of bitter leafmeal as feed for goats. The dietswere used as supplements to a basal ration of Panicummaximum. Two digestibility trials were carried out. The digestible ether extract intake and digestible organic matter of goats on 0% BLM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the values obtained for goats on bitter leaf meal diets. The average daily weight gain (g/day) for goats on 0% BML was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of others. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the percentage mortality of the goats fed experimental diets. The percentagemortality of goats on 30% and 45%BLMwere significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of others. It is concluded that bitter leafmeal can be included in the diets of (WAD) goats up to15%without any deleterious effect.

scholarly journals Assessment of the nutritive value of fermented cassava root leaf meal as a reflect on blood profile of ducks

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
W. A. Olayemi ◽  
I. A. Rabiu ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
O. A. Akapo ◽  
A. M. Bamgbose
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Due to scarcity and high cost of conventional feedstuffs, there is a renewed interest in the use of non-conventional cheap and easily available feedstuffs on ducks feeding. This study was conducted to evaluate health status of ducks fed fermented cassava root-leaf meal blend as a replacement for maize. One hundred and fifty, one day- old unsexed Mallard ducklings were used for the experiment. Ducklings were randomly distributed into 5 groups of 30 ducklings per treatment. Each treatment was further subdivided into 3 replicates with 10 ducklings per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The study is made up of 5 dietary treatments consisting of the control (Treatment 1), fermented cassava root-leaf blend used to replace maize at 25% (Treatment 2), 50% (Treatment 3), 75% (Treatment 4) and 100% (Treatment 5) levels respectively. The packed cell volume (26.50-38.33%) and haemoglobin (9.35-14.07g/dl) levels increased as Fermented cassava root-leaf meal (FCRLM) inclusion increased in the diet (0-75%). Uric acid values decreased (5.30-4,27mg/dl) as well as cholesterol values (91.70-56.70mg/dl) as level of (FCRLM) increased in diet. The results obtained showed that FCRLM at (300:1000 ratio) of leaf to root could replace maize at 50% inclusion level without any detrimental effects on health status of ducks.

scholarly journals Nitrogen utilization by male WAD sheep fed graded levels of boiled CST and SMD based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
R. O. Ettu ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Sorghum Malt ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Seed Testa

The study was carried out to investigate the nitrogen utilization by male West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep fed boiled Cocoa Seed Testa (CST) and Sorghum Malt Dust (SMD)-based diets. Twenty-eight male animals were divided into seven groups with similar average initial live weight in a completely randomized design. Each group contained four animals. The trial consisted of seven dietary treatments which comprised CST at 10, 20 and 30% levels, SMD at 10, 20 and 30% levels and a control. The trial lasted for 90 days. Data generated were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance. Apparent nitrogen intake (19.41g/d) and retention (9.67g/d) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment with 20% SMD. Generally, dietary inclusion of CST and SMD improved the nitrogen intake by male WAD sheep with the best result from sheep fed 20% sorghum malt dust based diets.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI PROTEIN TEPUNG PUCUK INDOGOFERA ZOLLINGERIANA DENGAN PROTEIN BUNGKIL KEDELAI DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP ORGAN DALAM BROILER

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Melia Afnida Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Indigofera Zollingeriana ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This research aimed to see the effect of Indigofera Zollingeriana top leaf meal as substitution of soybean meal in the diets on development giblets of broiler chickens. The study was conducted for 35 days and giblets sampling was carried out on the 35 day. The DOC used is the cobs strain produced by PT. Charoen Pokphan Indonesia with an average weight of 35.1 grams. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications and ten birds in each replication was used in this experiment. Dietary treatments were: R1= diet containing 20% soybean meal without I. zollingeriana top leaf meal ; R2= diet containing 16% soybean meal and 5.9% Indigofera Zollingeriana top leaf meal (substitute 20% soybean meal protein with Indigofera Zollingeriana top leaf meal) ; R3= diet containing 12% soybean meal and 11.8% Indigofera Zollingeriana top leaf meal (substitute 40% soybean meal protein with Indigofera Zollingeriana top leaf meal); R4= diet containing 8% soybean meal and 17.74% Indigofera Zollingeriana top leaf meal (substitute 20% soybean meal protein with Indigofera Zollingeriana top leaf meal). Variable measured was giblet of broiler (liver, heart, gizzard, spleen, bile, pancreas, kidney, relative length of small intestine and cecum.). The result showed that usage Indigofera Zollingeriana top leaf meal in the diets did not affect giblets of broiler chickens. The conclusion of this study was Indigofera Zollingeriana top leaf meal can be use up to 17.74% to substitute 60% soybean meal protein without interrupting the development giblets of broiler.Key words: Broiler Chicken; Indigofera Zollingeriana top leaf meal; Blood profile.

scholarly journals Dry matter acceptability and digestibility of nutrient by West African dwarf Rams fed polyenzyme treated cassava peel and corn cob based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
O. D. Olamilusi ◽  
J. D. Olotu ◽  
O. O. Eniolorunda
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Cassava Peel

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyenzyme treated corn cob based diet on the dry matter acceptability and nutrient digestibility by West African dwarf rams. Sixteen (16) rams were used in a completely randomized design, comprising of 4 per treatment in metabolic cages for digestibility while for acceptability each animal was allotted to a pen and the cafeteria feeding method employed. The dietary treatments were: T1 (cassava peel untreated); T2 (corn cob untreated); T3 (polyenzyme treated cassava peel) and T4 (polyenzyme treated corn cob) respectively. The result for dry matter acceptability showed that T3 had the highest value for dry matter intake (979.20g/h/d); coefficient of preference (1.06) and percentage of preference (26.44%). Significant (p<0.05) difference were obtained for the digestibility percentages of all the proximate nutrients. The digestibility values recorded for T3 was the highest (P<0.05) for DM (78.81), CP (81.91), CF (70.24), EE (37.40), NEF (80.05), NDF (76.99) and ADF (71.69). However, it is recorded that inclusions of polyenzyme to cassava peel and corncob have a promising acceptability, enhanced and efficiently utilized by sheep. The study shown that treatment of cassava peels and corn cob with polyenzyme improved and sustain ruminants during period of feeds insufficiency. Also, provide a better utilization of wasteful cassava peel and corn cob to feedstuff so as to improve farmers that practice intensive ruminant management.

scholarly journals Blood profile of growing rabbits fed roasted solvent extracted castor seed meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
A. A. Ogunbode ◽  
O. S. Oladapo ◽  
O. A. Adeniyi ◽  
A. M. Oyetola
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

 Sixteen growing rabbits with mean initial body weight of 750g were used in a feeding trial that lasted 56 days. The animals were randomly allotted into four (4) dietary treatment groups consisting of four (4) animals per group. Each treatment groups was replicated twice with individually housed rabbit per replicate.Thefourdietarytreatmentscontained0,0.5,1.0and 1.5% replacement levels of roasted-solvent extracted castor seedmeal (RSECSM) for soyabean in a completely randomized design experiment. The parameters investigated were haematological and serum indices. At the end of the feeding trial, blood samples were collected from the animals through the heart (left side) for haematology and serum indices. Eight (8) growing rabbits at the rate of two (2) animals per treatment were stunned and sacrificed for the blood collection. Data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance. The results show that feeding of RSECSM to growing rabbits did not show any significant (p>0.05) effecton PCV, Hb and RBC while the inclusion of RSECSM at graded dietary level had significant (p<0.05) effect on the WBC, WBC counts and Platelets. The WBC values ranged from 11025.0014900.00 while the values for platelets ranged from 72500.00 – 30500.00 respectively. Among the leukocyte differential counts examined lymphocytes, monocyte and eosinophil were significantly (p  <0.05) different among the dietary treatments, however neutrophil was not significantly (p >0.05) different among the means. The serum indices such as total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine examined were not significantly(p >0.05) affected by the dietary treatment except the cholesterol. The results of this study indicated that 1.5% inclusion levels of RSECSM in the growing rabbit diet affect some haematological parameters while it appears to be the optimum level for serum indices.  

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Powder (Allium Sativum) Supplementation on Carcass Characteristics of West African Dwarf Rams

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Folake Alamuoye ◽  
Adekum Maria Kikelomo
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The effect of garlic powder (Allium sativum) supplementation on quantitative carcass and non- carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf Rams was investigated. A total of 40 West African Dwarf yearling rams were randomly assigned to five dietary groups in a completely randomized design. Each group contained eight rams (two rams of four replicates) assigned separately to five dietary treatments having garlic powder as supplements at 0% (control, diet 1), 0.2% (diet 2), 0.4% (diet 3), 0.6% (diet 4) and 0.8% (diet 5) respectively. Rams in each replicate were housed in individual pen and fed with Panicum maximum at 0.2 kg/ram/day as basal diets and water was provided ad libitum, for a period of 12 weeks. The result showed that the dressing percentage varied among treatment groups with the highest value (55.76±1.82%) obtained from rams fed 4% garlic powder inclusion (treatment 3). The carcass characteristics significantly varied (p<0.05) among treatments. Also, dietary treatments had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the composition of the non-carcass components. Meat to bone ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the flank cut of treatment 5 than cut-parts of other treatments. The study concluded that garlic powder (Allium sativum) supplementation increased carcass yield of West African Dwarf ram.  

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