West African dwarf goats utilized bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal as feed supplement

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
A. O. Olosunde ◽  
S. M. Odeyinka
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This studywas carried out to determine the utilization and the optimumlevel of offer of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal (BLM) by West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. In a 20-week trial, twenty four WAD goats of both sexes, 5-7 months old, were randomly allotted to four treatments of graded levels of BLM(0% BLM(Control diet), 15% BLM, 30% BLMand 45% BLMdiets) in a completely randomized design to determine the utilization of bitter leafmeal as feed for goats. The dietswere used as supplements to a basal ration of Panicummaximum. Two digestibility trials were carried out. The digestible ether extract intake and digestible organic matter of goats on 0% BLM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the values obtained for goats on bitter leaf meal diets. The average daily weight gain (g/day) for goats on 0% BML was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of others. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the percentage mortality of the goats fed experimental diets. The percentagemortality of goats on 30% and 45%BLMwere significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of others. It is concluded that bitter leafmeal can be included in the diets of (WAD) goats up to15%without any deleterious effect.

scholarly journals INTAKE AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION BY EARLY WEANED WEST AFRICAN DWARF KIDS FED SOYBEAN DIET AS REPLACER FOR MILK

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
G. O. OKAGBARE ◽  
A. O. AKINSOYINU
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Soybean Diet

Twenty-one early weaned West African dwarf (WAD) goats weighting 1 – 1.5kg at birth were used to asses the utilization of nutrients by kids fed soyabeans diet (SD) as replacer for milk. Replacement of milk with SD up to 50 percent had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on dry matter intake of kids. Nutrient digestibility values however decreased (P < 0.05) with replacement of milk with SD up to 50 percent level. The digestibility of nutrientts increased (P < 0.05)with age of the kids. Weight gain of the kids (up to 9 weeks of age) reduced with partial replacement of milk  with SD up to 50 percent level. Values recorded for average daily weight gain (g/day) for the kids for diets containing 0, 25, and 50 percent SD were 11.2, 6.7 and 3.0, respectively at 4 weeks of age and 24.3, 19.2 and 7.8, respectively at 6 weeks of age. 25 percent replacement of milk with SD gave adequate performance pre-weaned kids. The result also showed that that the level of replacement of milk with SD could be increased up to 50 percent only after 6 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Effect of mineral-energy supplementation on the performance of young bulls from different genetic groups on pasture

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Tiago Pereira Guimarães ◽  
◽  
Ubirajara Oliveira Bilego ◽  
Pedro Leonardo de Paula Rezende ◽  
Wescley Faccini Augusto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Plots

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of young bulls from three genetic groups, ½ Brangus x ½ Nellore (BRN), Nellore (NEL) and ½ Canchim x ½ Nellore (CAN), reared on pasture and supplemented with mineral (MS) or energy-mineral (MES) supplement. Eighty-one bulls, with a mean age of 12 months and mean body weight of 252 ± 33 kg were used. The experiment was conducted in a 3x2 factorial completely randomized design. Each genetic group was subdivided into six experimental plots, three received MS and three received MES. Animals were managed in a rotational stocking system in a Tifton 85 grass pasture. The consumption of MS was similar between the genetic groups with an average of 0.073 kg animal-1 day-1, whereas the consumption of MES was higher for BRN, 2.10 kg animal-1 day-1, followed by CAN, with 1.57 kg animal-1 day-1, and lower for NEL, with 1.28 kg animal-1 day-1. The average daily weight gain (ADG) was greater for animals that received MES compared to those that were given MS. For animals that received MS, the BRN group had ADG of 0.64 kg animal-1, while the NEL and CAN groups were similar with a mean of 0.46 kg animal-1. For animals that received MES, the CAN group had higher ADG, 0.97 kg animal-1, while the NEL and BRN groups were similar, with an average of 0.86 kg animal-1. Blood levels of total protein, albumin, creatinine, glucose and cholesterol did not change depending on the types of supplements used or between genetic groups. Higher serum urea levels were observed in NEL and CAN animals that received MS. Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were higher in BRN and CAN animals that received MES. Gains in rump height, height at the withers, body length, rump width and chest perimeter were greater in animals that received MES. Mostly, the gains in morphometric measurements were greater for crossbred animals than for the NEL group. The supply of mineral-energy supplement in Tifton 85 grass pasture during the rainy season is recommended only for Nellore and ½ Canchim x ½ Nellore young bulls. Crossbred young bulls show greater gains in morphometric measurements than Nellore young bulls during rearing.

scholarly journals Effects of Garlic Powder (Allium Sativum) Supplementation on Carcass Characteristics of West African Dwarf Rams

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Folake Alamuoye ◽  
Adekum Maria Kikelomo
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
West African ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The effect of garlic powder (Allium sativum) supplementation on quantitative carcass and non- carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf Rams was investigated. A total of 40 West African Dwarf yearling rams were randomly assigned to five dietary groups in a completely randomized design. Each group contained eight rams (two rams of four replicates) assigned separately to five dietary treatments having garlic powder as supplements at 0% (control, diet 1), 0.2% (diet 2), 0.4% (diet 3), 0.6% (diet 4) and 0.8% (diet 5) respectively. Rams in each replicate were housed in individual pen and fed with Panicum maximum at 0.2 kg/ram/day as basal diets and water was provided ad libitum, for a period of 12 weeks. The result showed that the dressing percentage varied among treatment groups with the highest value (55.76±1.82%) obtained from rams fed 4% garlic powder inclusion (treatment 3). The carcass characteristics significantly varied (p<0.05) among treatments. Also, dietary treatments had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the composition of the non-carcass components. Meat to bone ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the flank cut of treatment 5 than cut-parts of other treatments. The study concluded that garlic powder (Allium sativum) supplementation increased carcass yield of West African Dwarf ram.  

scholarly journals Blood components and growth indices of West African dwarf goats fed various levels of boiled rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
M. D. Udo ◽  
F. O. Ahamefule ◽  
J. A. Ibeawuchi ◽  
G. D. Eyoh
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
West African ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Growth, haematological and biochemical components of West African dwarf (WAD) bucks fed various inclusion levels of boiled rubber seed meal (Hevea brasiliensis) were investigated in this study. Sixteen WAD bucks aged 6-7 months were randomly assigned to the four dietary treatments (0-30%) of boiled rubber seed meal (BRSM). Each treatment has four bucks with a buck as replicate, in a completely randomised design. The experiment lasted for 56 days. Average daily feed intake (g) were 417.90; 428.93; 322.00 and 288.10 for diets A, B, C and D, respectively. Corresponding average daily weight gain (ADWG) were 31.69; 53.92; 46.62 and 34.64 with feed/gain ratio being least (6.90) for goats fed diet C (20% BRSM) which did not differ (P>0.05) significantly from animals fed diet B (7.95 BRSM). Apart from blood cholesterol, all haematological and biochemical parameters were not influenced by dietary treatments. Though all the inclusion levels (10-30%) of boiled rubber seed meal were safe as feed for WAD goat, diet B of 20% inclusion of boiled rubber seed meal enhanced best performance and is therefore recommended for use in formulating supplementary diet for WAD goat.

scholarly journals Blood chemistry of West African dwarf goats fed treated maize cob- and maize husk-based diets with mixture of microorganisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys Abiemwense Ibhaze ◽  
Gbenga Enobong Ogunjemite ◽  
Adebowale Noah Fajemisin
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Background Twenty-four West African Dwarf (WAD) goats with average weight of 6.57 ± 0.56 kg were used in investigating the effect of microbial-treated maize cob and husk diets on blood profile. The goats were assigned to six dietary treatments replicated four times in a completely randomized design. Chopped maize cobs and husks were sterilized for 60 min to eliminate any form of contamination and then inoculated with mixture of 15 ml each of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Neurospora crassa and incubated anaerobically for 5 days and then air-dried. The treated maize cob and husk were incorporated in the diets at the rate of 0% (diet), 20% (diet B), 30% (diet C) [maize cob diets], and 0% (diet D), 20% (diet E), 30% (diet F) [maize husk diets], respectively. The animals were acclimatized for two weeks while the experimental period lasted for 56 days. A completely randomized design was adopted. Results The results showed that the dietary treatments significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the erythrocyte sedimentation rate which ranged from 0.50 to 1.00 mm/hr. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in the globulin (28.16 g/dl diet A—59.26 g/dl diet B), aspartate aminotransferase (48.00 u/l diet E—128. 25 u/l diet C) and alanine aminotransferase (8.20 u/l diet A—33.33 u/l diet D). Serum electrolytes values were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by dietary treatments. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, microbial-treated maize cob and husk diets supported erythropoiesis did not induce any liver damage and the serum electrolytes of the animals were improved. Hence, microbial-treated maize cob and husk can be a suitable alternative feed source at 30% incorporation in a complete diet for WAD goats as adverse implications on the health of the animals was not observed.

Study on mineral, antinutrient and blood parameters of goats fed molasses treated rice husk

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso ◽  
Tomilola Ayo Arilekolasi ◽  
Adebowale Noah Fajemisin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
West African ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A study on the nutritional potential of rice husk treated with or without molasses was carried out using 25 West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks. Five experimental diets were formulated such that; 0, 1, 2 3 and 4% molasses were incorporated in goat diets and were fermented for 5days before being fed to 25 WAD bucks of 5 replicates per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design experiment for 84 days. Results showed that, dietary treatments had significant (P<0.05) influences in all the parameters observed. Diet 5 had the highest crude protein (11.29%CP) and least crude fibre (26.51% CF). However, the dietary ash varied from 11.29% (Diet 5) to 19.84% (Diet 1). The mineral contents (Ca, P, Mg, K) of the diets progressively increased with increased inclusion of molasses and were adequate to support the growth of goats. The highest values were recorded in Diet 5 except for sodium which declined across the treatment. The anti-nutrients contents observed in this study were least in Diet 5 with exception of phenol which had the highest value (23.66%). Dry matter intake (DMI) varied from 466.86g/day (Diet 5) to 452.47g/day (Diet 1). Meanwhile, CPI increased with increased molasses in the diet. Bucks fed Diet 5 had the best mineral retention values and best daily weight gain (68.00g/day) as (6.86) feed gain ratio was the least. Consequently, treatment of rice husk with molasses at 4% inclusion level could improve the general performance of WAD bucks without any adverse effect on their health status.

scholarly journals Pawpaw seed meal-based diets enhanced growth performance of rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
S. K. Ayandiran ◽  
A. A. Oladokun ◽  
Y. A, Olaogun ◽  
A. A. Akande ◽  
I. Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study was carried out to investigate the growth performance of rabbits fed pawpaw seed based diet. In ten-week trial, 60 mixed breeds of weaner rabbits aged 5 - 6 weeks were allotted to five treatments in a completely randomized design. Five concentrate diets were  compounded with the inclusion of pawpaw seed meal (PSM) at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% graded levels. The rabbits were weighed before the commencement of the experiment and  subsequently weekly throughout the experiment to calculate the daily weight gain. The proximate composition and the metabolizable energy of experimental diets were carried out  in the laboratory. The feed intake was estimate from the differences between the feed offer and  the feed refusal. The proximate components of the diets contained inclusion of PSM were similar and comparable to the control diet in this study. The metabolizable energy of 10%PSM, 20%PSM and 40%PSM diets were higher than the 0%PSM. There were no  significant differences (P>0.05) among the means of feed intake, initial and final weight of  rabbits across the experimental treatment. The rabbits fed diets 0%PSM (6.52) and 30%PSM  (6.82) had significantly higher (p<0.05) daily weight gains as compared to 10%PSM (5.82)  and 40%PSM (4.85) diets whereas rabbits fed 20%PSM (4.59) had the best feed conversion  ratio compared to 10%PSM (5.92), 0%PSM (6.55), 30%PSM (6.71) and 40%PSM (7.75). It could therefore be concluded that inclusion of pawpaw seed meal in the diet of rabbits up to 30% improved feed intake and growth performance of rabbits.     Cette étude a été réalisée pour étudier les performances de croissance des lapins nourris à base de graines de papaye. Au cours d'un essai de dix semaines, 60 races mixtes de lapins sevrés âgés de 5 à 6 semaines ont été attribuées à cinq traitements d'une conception complètement randomisée. Cinq régimes concentrés ont été composés avec l'inclusion du repas de graine de papaye (le 'PSM') aux niveaux classés 0, 10, 20, 30 et 40%. Les lapins ont été pesés avant le début de l'expérience et par la suite chaque semaine tout au long de l'expérience pour calculer le gain de poids quotidien. La composition immédiate et l'énergie métabolisable des régimes expérimentaux ont été réalisées en laboratoire. L'apport alimentaire a été estimé à partir des différences entre l'offre alimentaire et le refus d'alimentation. Les composants proximate des régimes qui ont de 'PSM' étaient semblables et comparables au régime de contrôle dans cette étude. L'énergie métabolisable de 10% PSM, 20%PSM et 40%PSM régimes étaient plus élevés que les 0%PSM. Il n'y avait pas de différences significatives (P>0,05) entre les moyens d'apport alimentaire, le poids initial et final des lapins dans le traitement expérimental. Les lapins nourris régimes 0%PSM (6.52) et 30%PSM (6.82) ont eu sensiblement plus haut (p<0.05) gains quotidiens de poids par rapport à 10%PSM (5.82) et 40%PSM (4.85) régime alors que les lapins nourris à 20% PSM (4.59) avaient le meilleur ratio de conversion des aliments contre 10%PSM (5.92), 0%PSM (6.55), 30% PSM (6.71) et 40% PSM (7.75). On pourrait donc conclure que l'inclusion de farine de graines de papaye dans l'alimentation des lapins jusqu'à 30 % a amélioré l'apport alimentaire et les performances de croissance des lapins.

scholarly journals Dietary effect of Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal on fibre fractions utilisation by the West African Dwarf goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
A. N Fajemisin ◽  
G. A Ibhaze ◽  
O. E. Oluwaloyo ◽  
O. B. Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Better Than

A 63-day study was conducted to evaluate the dietary effect of Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal diets on fibre fraction utilization of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats (aged 9 -12 months) with an average live weight of 6.31±0.3 kg. Six diets were formulated such that wheat offal was replaced with ensiled Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal at ratio 0 (A), 20% (B), 40% (C), 60% (D), 80% (E), 100% (F) in complete diets. The experimental diets were fed to 18 WAD goats in three replicates per treatment using completely randomized design. The determined parameters included; chemical composition of the diets, dry matter and fibre fractions intake, weight gains and feed to gain ratio. The dry matter of raw cocoa bean shells was 88.53% and dry matter of Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shells was 87.38%. The crude protein contents of raw bean shells and Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shells were 11.98 and 26.63% respectively. The dry matter of the diets ranged from 86.83 to 90.70%, diet B had the highest value while crude protein ranged between 19.73 (diet A) and 28.88% (diet F) and increased with increased inclusion of Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal in the diets. The nutrients intake was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment except dry matter and cellulose. The crude fibre and fibre fractions were efficiently digested. Nitrogen balance, apparent digestibility and weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment. The goats fed diet A converted their feed to flesh better than other goats. However, goats fed diet F performed best compared to other goats fed diets B, C, D and E that contained Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal. It can be concluded that Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal incorporated in goat's diet could supply energy and protein to sustain the growth without adverse effect.

scholarly journals Hematological, serum biochemical and histopathological effects of selected herbs and combinations on Trypanosoma brucei infected West African dwarf sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusegun Olatunde ◽  
Henry Olanrewaju Jegede ◽  
Saliu Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
West African ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Histopathological Effects ◽  
West African Dwarf Sheep ◽  
Dwarf Sheep

Abstract. Olatunde OA, Jegede HO, Ameen SA. 2021. Hematological, serum biochemical and histopathological effects of selected herbs and combinations on Trypanosoma brucei infected West African dwarf sheep. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 10-16. The present work was carried out to study the hematological, serum biochemical and histopathological effects of selected herbal diets on trypanosome infected West African dwarf sheep. Five herbal incorporated diets were tested where A is control diet, B is Citrus aurantifolia; C is Ocimum gratissimum, D is Vernonia amygdalina + Citrus aurantifolia and E is Ocimum gratissimum + Vernonia amygdalina. Sheep on Diets E, A, C, B, and D consumed 856.4g/d, 830g/d, 750.0g/d. 734.0g/d and 687.0g/d respectively showing more acceptability to diet E. Additionally, sheep on Diet E was highest in RBC, WBC, Hb, lymphocyte, PCV and basophils. The least hematological indices were recorded for the animals on Control diet (A) showing that all herbal diets improved blood indices of the infected sheep. The ALP concentration was significantly different (17.000i.u/l) in Diet B compared to other Diets while the least ALP was noted for sheep on Diets A and B. Herbs and combinations used in this study significantly improved both hematological and pathological lesions seen in experimental trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma brucei infection in sheep. Best results were gotten from Diet E combinations.

scholarly journals Performance of some growth promoters on hybrid walking catfish (Clarias batrachus × Clarias gariepinus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Md Sirazul Islam ◽  
M Mamnur Rashid ◽  
Mohammad Shamsul Arefin ◽  
Pronab Naha ◽  
Md Rokanuddula
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Promoters

A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of three most commonly used growth promoters from different pharmaceutical companies on growth performance of hybrid walking catfish (Clarias batrachus × Clarias gariepinus). The experiment was done in the wet laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture, BAU, Mymensingh, with a total of 10 aquaria and 160 fish having mean initial weight of 6.3 ± 0.48 g. The three growth promoters, “Charger gel” from Fishtech (BD) Ltd., “Growth gel” from Advance Agrotech (BD) Ltd. and “Hepaprotect-aqua” from Renata Animal health Ltd., were used in separate nine (9) aquaria at recommended, lower dose and higher dose respectively. One aquarium was used as control (diet without any growth promoter). The fish were fed with paragon nursery floating feed at 20% of body weight in each aquarium for 28 days. Doses of Charger gel were given as 80, 60 and 100 mg/20 g feed/day, that of Growth gel, 0.14, 0.12 and 0.16 ml/20 g feed/day and of Hepaprotect-aqua, 30, 15 and 50 mg/20 g feed/day. Re-circulatory system was used throughout the experimental period. By applying recommended, lower and higher dose of “Charger gel”, mean final weights were found as 23.0, 21.9 and 35.9 g; average daily weight gain as 0.60, 0.56 and 1.06 g and specific growth rate (SGR) as 2.01, 1.93 and 2.70% respectively. For “Growth gel”, mean final weights were found as 22.8, 17.3 and 31.1 g; average daily weight gain as 0.59, 0.39 and 0.88 g and SGR as 1.99, 1.57 and 2.48 % respectively. For “Hepaprotect-aqua”, mean final weights were found as 24.2, 17.5 and 28.2 g; average daily weight gain as 0.64, 0.40 and 0.78 g and SGR as 2.09, 1.58 and 2.32% respectively. In all the cases survival rates were 100%. All the three growth promoters showed better results at their higher doses in comparison to their results in lower and recommended doses. However, in average Charger gel showed the best result than the other two growth promoters. This information on the efficacy study of growth promoters needs to be disseminated to the farmers for improved fish production.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 103-108

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document